太阳能热发电系统的研究开发现状

太阳能热发电是一种很有发展前景的大规模太阳能利用技术。介绍和分析了国内外塔式、槽式、碟式等太阳能热发电技术的研究状况,分析了这些技术的优缺点以及一些改进方案。结合我国国情,指出了我国太阳能热发电所面临的问题及挑战;根据我国可再生能源发展规划,分析了我国太阳能热发电技术的发展前景。     

对我国发展太阳能热发电的一点看法

太阳能热发电是大规模开发利用太阳能的一个重要技术途径。由于关键技术有待重大突破,目前国外塔式、槽式、碟式系统都还面临着投资大、成本高的问题。本文分析了塔式、槽式、碟式现行三种技术路线在我国推广应用的技术难点,提出了一个新型分立式太阳能热发电技术路线。这项新技术建立在太阳聚光跟踪理论突破的基础之上,不仅具有完全自主知识产权,而且比国外现行的热发电技术更为经济高效。     

国内太阳能热发电技术发展与应用现状

本文主要介绍国内太阳能热发电技术发展情况、工程应用现状及设备生产能力概况,并对塔式、槽式、碟式、菲涅尔式4种主流的太阳能热发电技术进行了简要分析和比较,旨在基于我国太阳能热发电实际情况给出未来发展和研究方向的建议.     

降低聚光太阳能热发电成本的途径

以系统年平均发电效率为引领,以发电工质温度和换热介质种类为主线,提出了降低聚光太阳能热发电成本的途径。     

浅析太阳能光热发电技术的发展

介绍了太阳能光热发电的工作原理及系统的基本组成形式:槽式、塔式、碟式,并简要介绍了国内外光热发电技术的发展历程及前景.     

太阳能热发电系列文章(10)槽式太阳能热发电中的聚光集热器

介绍了槽式太阳能热发电系统中DSG技术的三种实现方式;对比了再次循环方式中饱和蒸汽发电和过热蒸汽发电;介绍了DSG技术的实践和应用研究项目。     

太阳能热发电系列文章（12） 聚光类太阳能热发电中的热管式真空集热管

介绍了热管技术和热管式真空集热管；设计了几种热管式真空集热管；阐述了热管式真空集热管在槽式和碟式太阳能热发电系统中的应用。     

太阳能热发电系列文章(2)塔式与槽式太阳能热发电

塔式太阳能热发电塔式太阳能热发电系统也称集中型太阳能热发电系统。塔式太阳能热发电系统的基本形式是利用独立跟踪太阳的定日镜群,将阳光聚集到固定在塔顶部的接收器上,用以产生高温,加热工质产生过热蒸汽或高温气体,驱动汽轮机发电机组或燃气轮机发电机组发电,从而将太阳能转换为电能。     

聚光太阳能热利用系统

现在,美国利用聚光太阳能热发电的容量已达300兆瓦。这种利用蒸汽发电的设施完全是由私人公司投资的,所发的电力供给大电力公司的电网。计划在数年之内,太阳热发电容量将增至700兆瓦。目前,电力公司正在考虑利用太阳热发电系统来减轻其尖峰负荷,以补常规系统之不足。投资者认为,太阳热发电系统超过其它太阳能系统的地方就在于它能同时供电和供热水。太阳能在美国占可利用能源的87%。太阳能热利用技术提供了一个开发利用它的方法。它利用得越多,就越经济。在很多应用中,不考虑生态效益,仅考虑     

谈聚光型太阳能热发电工程设计中的三个概念

<正>随着环境保护压力的增大和太阳能热发电技术的成熟,各国热发电技术公司逐渐开始开拓中国市场。为了确切描述和对比不同聚光式太阳能热发电系统的配置,比较采用不同技术方案系统的性能和经济性。研究设计聚光式太阳能热发电系统时引入了容量系数、设计工况和太阳岛倍率三个概念。容量系数是指聚光式太阳能发电厂在当地日照资     

Theory and performance analysis of a new heat engine for concentrating solar power

The objectives of this paper are to introduce a new heat engine and evaluate its performance. The new heat engine uses a gas, such as air, nitrogen, or argon, as the working fluid and extracts thermal energy from a heat source as the energy input. The new heat engine may find extensive applications in renewable energy industries, such as concentrating solar power (CSP). Additionally, the heat engine may be employed to recover energy from exhaust streams of internal combustion engines, gas turbine engines, and various industrial processes. It may also work as a thermal‐to‐mechanical conversion system in a nuclear power plant and function as an external combustion engine in which the heat source is the combustion gas from an external combustion chamber. The heat engine is to mimic the performance of an air‐standard Otto cycle. This is achieved by drastically increasing the time duration of heat acquisition from the heat source in conjunction with the timing of the heat acquisition and a large heat transfer surface area. Performance simulations show that the new heat engine can potentially attain a thermal efficiency above 50% and a power output above 100 kW under open‐cycle operation. Additionally, the heat engine could significantly reduce CSP costs and operate in open cycles, effectively removing the difficulties of dry cooling requirement for CSP applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单晶硅太阳电池在槽式聚光与普通光照条件下伏安特性的对比研究

为进一步对开发聚光热电联供系统提供依据与指导,在槽式聚光器中,设计了槽式单晶硅太阳能电池热电联供测试系统,并在太阳聚光条件下对单晶硅太阳电池进行了伏安特性的测试.测试结果表明,普通单晶硅太阳能电池在聚光10倍左右的情况下,开路电压变化不大,开路电流放大了4.1倍左右,伏安特性曲线基本满足线性关系.     

Exergetic analysis and economic evaluation of central tower receiver solar thermal power plant

This article presents the analytical evaluation of a central tower receiver solar thermal power plant with air‐cooled volumetric receiver using exergy analysis. The energetic and exergetic losses as well as the efficiencies of a typical central tower receiver‐based solar thermal power plant have been carried out under the specific operating conditions. The enhancement in efficiency of the plant from the variation in power input to constant power input achieved by thermal storage backup condition has been determined. It is found that the year round average energetic efficiency can be increased from 24.15% to 25.08% and year round average exergetic efficiency can be increased, from 26.10% to 27.10% for the selected location Jodhpur. The unit cost of electric energy generation (kWh_e) is found to be INR 10.09 considering 30‐year lifespan of the solar plant along with a 10% interest rate. The present study provides a base for the development of future solar thermal power plants in India. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comprehensive assessment of line‐/point‐focus combined scheme for concentrating solar power system

The line‐/point‐focus combined scheme for concentrating solar power (CSP) system is proposed. For solar field, the parabolic trough (PT) or linear Fresnel (LF) is used as the line‐focus preheating and evaporation stages while the solar tower is used as the point‐focus superheating and reheating stages. The combined schemes benefit from the high concentration ratio of point‐focus technology and low cost of line‐focus technology. Particularly, the combined scheme guarantees the concentrated solar thermal energy matching the temperature requirement of steam generation process with less exergy loss. Performance and economic assessments have been performed for 50 MW_e CSP system with two of the combined schemes, ie, PT (synthetic oil, SO) + Tower (molten salt, MS) and LF (direct steam generation, DSG) + Tower (DSG), as well as existing single schemes being the references, ie, PT (SO), LF (DSG), Tower (MS), and Tower (DSG). The comparative results show that the combined schemes are superior to liner‐focus schemes in efficiency and to point‐focus schemes in capital cost and scalability. Specifically, the PT (SO) + Tower (MS) system suggests the favorable potential in practical application with the highest annual net solar‐to‐electrical energy conversion efficiency of 16.07% and the reasonable levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 16.121 US cent/(kW·h). This work provides an alternative guidance for future development of the CSP technology.     

Concentrating solar power:Current status and perspective

太阳能热发电是将太阳能转化为热能,通过热功转化过程发电的技术.太阳能热发电站具有发电功率相对平稳可控,运行方式灵活,可进行热电并供等优势,同时具有非常好的环境效益.太阳能热发电规模化发展后,近期能够作为调峰电源为风力发电,光伏发电等间歇性电源提供辅助服务.随着未来技术的优化提升,由大型太阳能热发电站组成的太阳能热发电厂有可能承担电力系统基础负荷.目前,全球太阳能热发电产业正在兴起,装机容量逐年增加,然而,我国在太阳能热发电关键技术研究上明显落后于先进国家,太阳能热发电产业发展速度明显滞后;另外,我国也没有发布明确的太阳能热发电产业激励政策,这直接导致了一批项目迟迟不能落地.     

Liquid-based high-temperature receiver technologies for next-generation concentrating solar power: A review of challenges and potential solutions

To reduce the levelized cost of energy for concentrating solar power (CSP), the outlet temperature of the solar receiver needs to be higher than 700 °C in the next-generation CSP. Because of extensive engineering application experience, the liquid-based receiver is an attractive receiver technology for the next-generation CSP. This review is focused on four of the most promising liquid-based receivers, including chloride salts, sodium, lead-bismuth, and tin receivers. The challenges of these receivers and corresponding solutions are comprehensively reviewed and classified. It is concluded that combining salt purification and anti-corrosion receiver materials is promising to tackle the corrosion problems of chloride salts at high temperatures. In addition, reducing energy losses of the receiver from sources and during propagation is the most effective way to improve the receiver efficiency. Moreover, resolving the sodium fire risk and material compatibility issues could promote the potential application of liquid-metal receivers. Furthermore, using multiple heat transfer fluids in one system is also a promising way for the next-generation CSP. For example, the liquid sodium is used as the heat transfer fluid while the molten chloride salt is used as the storage medium. In the end, suggestions for future studies are proposed to bridge the research gaps for > 700 °C liquid-based receivers.     

Siting guidelines for concentrating solar power plants in the Sahel: Case study of Burkina Faso

Selecting a site that meets the technical requirements for a concentrating solar power plant (CSP) is a very critical exercise. This paper points out crucial factors and provides guidelines regarding the selection of suitable sites. It especially focuses on Sahelian countries which have their own climatic peculiarities. These countries, characterized by low access to electricity, are well endowed in solar resources. They are potentially good locations for concentrating solar power plants since their mean daily solar radiation exceeds 5.5 kWh/m². CSP presents therefore, a good opportunity for them to increase in a sustainable manner, their energy supply. The guidelines developed in this paper are applied to Burkina Faso as a case study.     

基于改进CNN的光热电场太阳直接法向辐射预测研究

为了在实际运行中更好地利用光热电站,文章建立了一种基于改进卷积神经网络的光热电场太阳直接法向辐射的预测模型。首先,通过分析光热发电系统的运行机理,得到影响光热发电系统出力的主要因素是太阳直接法向辐射,并根据太阳直接法向辐射特点选用卷积神经网络对其进行预测;然后,针对卷积神经网络在实际应用过程中存在的预测精度较低和训练时间较长的问题,引入带有稀疏约束的损失函数和自适应学习率思想,并提出一种改进卷积神经网络;最后,利用改进卷积神经网络建立了光热电场太阳直接法向辐射的预测模型。模拟结果表明:文章提出的改进卷积神经网络能够解决一般卷积神经网络在实际应用中存在的预测精度较低和训练速度较慢的问题;基于改进卷积神经网络的预测模型可以较准确地预测出太阳直接法向辐射的变化趋势及其数值。     

考虑光热电站参与的新能源热电联供型微网运行优化

针对传统热电联供型微网运行存在的问题,文章引入光热电站,并结合风力发电、光伏发电、电加热器、储能系统构成热电联供型微网,提出了一种计及微网运行成本的新能源热电联供型微网运行优化策略。该优化策略综合考虑与外部电网交互成本、各设备维护成本、储能老化成本及热电功率平衡约束等因素,建立了热电联供型微网运行优化模型,并采用YALMIP工具箱进行求解。结果表明:该模型运行成本降低了6.2%,电加热器配合光热电站可以提高微网的运行灵活性,实现电-热能量的双向流动,光热电站在一定范围内增大了发电规模,可有效降低微网运行成本。