基于水化度的热学参数对混凝土温度场影响分析

热学模型及参数取值是研究混凝土温度场的关键问题.为了更准确地模拟粉煤灰混凝土水化过程中的温度场演化,通过绝热温升试验获得了28 d龄期内粉煤灰混凝土多个测点的温度,然后基于实测温度采用BP神经网络反演了整个养护期内随水化度α变化的比热c(α)、导热系数λ(α)、水化热Q(α)等参数;最后,将所提出的反演28 d龄期内热参数方法和已有研究成果中的组成成分质量百分比估算法、考虑早期热学参数随水化度变化计算法计算所得的热学参数分别输入有限元计算模型,并将3种取值方法的数值模拟结果与实测温度值对比,结果表明:反演算法数值模拟结果与实测值基本一致,能更好地模拟粉煤灰混凝土28 d龄期内各处的温度演化.     

Performances of Concrete under Elevated Curing Temperature

The behaviors of concrete at elevated curing temperature were studied. The test results show that when concrete is cured at elevated temperature , a harmful consequence occurs. The later strength decreases significantly compared to that under normal curing condition. Incorporating silica fume, fly ash and slag or lowering wl c ratio can effectively alleviate this harmful consequence. Comparatively, incorporation of silica fume is the most efficient means to decrease the later strength reduction. The harmful consequence is not caused by the difference in degree of hydration since the degree of hydration is similar between elevated curing temperature and normal curing conthion . The SEM analysis shows that it is the uneven distribution of hydration products caused by elevated curing temperature that leads to the later strength reduction of concrete.     

Influence of ultra-fine fly ash on hydration shrinkage of cement paste

1INTRODUCTION Hydrationshrinkageisalsoknownaschemicalshrinkage[1].Thesolidvolumeincreasesafterce menthydrating,buttheabsolutevolumeofcementwatersystemreduces.Usuallythetotalamountofvolumeshrinkageofcementwatersystemis7%9%[1,2].Withthedevelopmentofthetechno logyofcementandconcrete,concretewithhighstrengthandhighperformanceisthedevelopingtendencynow.However,nowadays,comparedwithordinaryconcrete,thehydrationshrinkageofhighperformancecementconcreteincreasesobvi ouslybecauseoftheaccelerationof…     

考虑水化度影响的混凝土面板温度裂缝数值计算

混凝土面板早期裂缝主要由温度应力引起,准确预测分析混凝土面板的温度场及温度应力变化过程,并研究混凝土面板温度裂缝的开裂过程,是关系到混凝土面板堆石坝安全的关键难题.基于热传导理论和弹性徐变理论,引入了水化度和等效龄期概念,编制了温度场及温度应力计算程序,对比分析了水化度及等效龄期对混凝土面板温度场及温度应力的影响,并进一步研究了混凝土面板温度裂缝的分布情况及扩展过程.研究结果表明:仅考虑水化度影响的模型温度场及温度应力的计算值偏低,而同时考虑等效龄期的影响,即可有效解决此问题.在混凝土面板温降过程中会产生较大的拉应力,从而引起面板开裂.裂缝主要集中在面板底部和中部,且多为水平裂缝,裂缝深度最终可达到面板厚度的75%,严重影响面板的耐久性,因此需做好相应的防护措施.     

恒负温与变负温养护制度对混凝土性能的影响研究

实验及实际工程表明，在自然及人工变负温环境中掺防冻剂混凝土的强度远高于在恒负温养护下的强度。就恒负温及变负温（人工、自然）养护制度下的掺防冻剂混凝土的性能进行对比研究，并分析负温混凝土显微结构，为改进掺防冻剂混凝土评价方法提供实验及理论基础。     

低温磷酸镁水泥混凝土的力学性能

基于响应曲面法设计试验,研究不同环境温度（0、-20 ℃）下水胶比（W/C）、集胶比（G/C）、氧化镁与磷酸盐质量比（M/P）对磷酸镁水泥（MPC）混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度的影响。使用Design-Expert软件对数据进行分析处理,得到的回归模型反映了3个因素对低温环境下MPC混凝土力学性能的影响规律。3个因素对低温环境下混凝土强度的影响程度为：W/C>M/P>G/C,MPC混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度随W/C的增大而降低。-20 ℃环境下MPC混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度随G/C的增大而降低,随M/P的增大而增大;0 ℃环境下抗压强度随G/C的增大而增大,随M/P的增大而降低;抗折强度随G/C的增大而降低,随M/P的增大而降低。-20 ℃环境温度下MPC混凝土7 d抗压强度和抗折强度在W/C为0.14、M/P为5.0、G/C为2.0时达到最大值。0 ℃环境温度下MPC混凝土7 d抗压强度在W/C为0.14、M/P为3.0、G/C为3.0时达到最大值;7 d抗折强度在W/C为0.14、M/P为3.0、G/C为2.0时达到最大值。模型预测强度值与试验实际强度值之间偏差不超过10%,模型显著性良好。     

高温下掺PPF的RPC立方体抗压性能

为了改善高温下活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的爆裂和抗压性能,完成了108个70.7 mm×70.7 mm×70.7 mm掺聚丙烯纤维(PPF)的活性粉末混凝土立方体试块高温下抗压试验.考察了PPF掺量对RPC高温爆裂的抑制效果,研究了温度和PPF掺量对高温下RPC立方体抗压性能的影响.结果表明:体积掺量0.3%的PPF能有效防止RPC爆裂,高温下RPC立方体抗压强度也相对较高;100℃时RPC的立方体抗压强度比常温低,200～600℃时立方体抗压强度相比100℃有所升高,700～800℃时立方体抗压强度相对600℃降低;20～100℃时RPC立方体抗压强度随PPF掺量的增大而降低,200～800℃时RPC立方体抗压强度随PPF掺量的增大而提高;100～500℃时掺PPF的RPC的立方体相对抗压强度小于普通混凝土和高强混凝土,600～800℃时掺PPF的RPC的立方体相对抗压强度则较大.基于试验结果,拟合出了不同PPF掺量的RPC高温下立方体抗压强度随温度变化的计算公式.     

高温下FRP筋与混凝土的粘结性能

为研究FRP筋与混凝土在高温下的粘结性能,对表面喷砂的GFRP、BFRP筋混凝土进行了高温下的拉拔试验,得到20～350℃温度范围内粘结强度及滑移曲线随温度的变化规律.试验结果表明,高温下FRP筋与混凝土粘结性能的衰减集中出现在树脂的玻璃软化温度区间,结合材料热分析的试验结果,本文提出了FRP筋与混凝土的粘结强度随温度的衰减模型,该模型以树脂玻璃化温度t和热分解温度n为控制参数,具有较强的通用性并可应用于其他树脂材料和纤维类型的FRP筋中.高温中FRP筋与混凝土的粘结破坏模式为FRP主筋与喷砂层间的界面剥离破坏,根据高温下二者粘结受力的特点,本文首次提出了高温中FRP筋与混凝土的四阶段粘结滑移模型,该模型以常温下的CMR、mBEP模型为原型,通过回归高温拉拔试验的变化规律以得到模型中的各项参数.经验证该滑移模型与常温及高温拉拔试验结果具有较好的吻合性,可指导应用于FRP筋混凝土构件的抗火设计中.     

Influence of MgO-type expansive agent hydration behaviors on expansive properties of concrete

The hydration behaviors and expansive properties of MgO-type expansive agent curing at different temperatures and environment were investigated.When the curing temperatures changed from 25℃ to 50℃,the conductivities of MgO samples increased from 40 to 80 μs/cm,and the hydrations of MgO were quickened up obviously.Through SEM observation,the hydration product of MgO cured at 50℃ for 28 day was about 2-3μm in length.The expansion of pastes with 5% of the MgO-type expansive agent was from 0.36% to 1.01% when t...     

Effects of LiAl-layered double hydroxides on early hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate cement paste

As a 3D micro-nano material, layered double hydroxides have been widely used in many fields, especially for reinforced composite materials. In this paper, LiAl-LDHs was obtained by a hydrothermal method. In order to investigate the effects of LiAl-LDHs on the early hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement paste, compressive strength, setting time and hydration heat were tested while X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scaning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were employed. The results indicated that LiAl-LDHs could significantly improve the early compressive strength and shorten the setting time of calcium sulphoaluminate cement paste with 3wt% concentration. Besides, the hydration exothermic rate within 5 h was accelerated with increasing LiAl-LDHs content. Moreover, the addition of LiAl-LDHs did not result in the formation of a new phase, but increased the quantity of hydration products providing higher compressive strength, shorter setting time and denser microstructure.     

粘结剂固化度对缓粘结预应力梁力学性能的影响

为了探明预应力筋张拉时缓粘结剂固化程度对缓粘结预应力混凝土梁力学性能的影响,进行了梁的承载力力学性能试验.结果表明:张拉时缓粘结剂固化程度对梁的开裂荷载影响较小,对极限荷载的影响较大,且缓粘结剂固化程度越高,缓粘结预应力混凝土梁的极限荷载越低;张拉时缓粘结剂处于张拉适用期的试件梁具有较好的力学性能,其纯弯段部分的裂缝开展均匀,数量较多,梁的延性增强,预应力钢筋与混凝土具有良好的共同工作状态,与有粘结预应力混凝土梁受力性能基本相当.     

添加剂对水泥性能与水化过程的影响

研究了单组分添加剂及其复合添加剂对水泥物理性能和水化特性的影响,结果表明：单组分添加剂对水泥的细度、净浆流动性、胶砂强度均有一定提高,复合添加剂的助磨、减水、增强效果均有大幅度提高,水泥80μm筛余降低45.8%,勃氏比表面积增加了14.0%,粒径为3-30μm的颗粒明显增多.水泥粉体的SEM分析表明：添加复合添加剂能显著降低粗颗粒的比例;水泥净浆流动度由135 mm提高到了190 mm;3 d、28 d强度提高了3.2MPa和7.4MPa.水泥水化样XRD分析表明：掺入复合添加剂能提高水泥的水化速率,促进水化产物的生成.     

养护制度对粉煤灰复合水泥浆体干燥收缩及孔径分布的影响

将水泥试件在水中养护6天和13天后放入干燥养护箱中,测定其质量损失和干燥收缩。采用氮吸附方法测定不同龄期时的孔径分布。结果表明:粉煤灰复合水泥浆体,干燥收缩早期变化较为明显,随着龄期延长,变化逐渐变缓;水养时间延长,干燥收缩减小;不同水养时间养护后,粉煤灰复合水泥浆体4-40nm孔径体积含量减小,相应干燥收缩减小。     

Early age hydration of cement paste monitored with ultrasonic velocity and numerical simulation

Early age hydration of cement paste was investigated by monitoring the ultrasonic propagation velocity and simulated with the numerical model CEMHYD3D. The ultrasonic velocity of the P-wave was recorded during the first 24 hours of the hydration process and its evolution was analyzed. It is shown that the UPV method is an effective, accurate and non-destructive method for monitoring the early age hydration process of cement paste. The early age hydration process can be classified as four periods, which are the dormant period, acceleration period, deceleration period and stabilization period. Higher w/c ratios result in lower UPV, and delay initial setting time due to the decreased solid volume. The change of UPV is clearly related to the hydration degree of cement particles.     

混凝土受火时温度分布的试验研究

用自制明火加温设备，在升温曲线的最高温度分别为５００℃、７００℃和９００℃时，进行了构件的三面加温试验，实测了构件内部不同格点的温度－时间升温曲线，详细绘制了截面不同时刻的等温曲线图，并对实验研究结果进行了分析，对复杂的不稳态温度场提出简便的计算方法．     

石墨烯对水泥净浆力学性能及微观结构的影响

为改善石墨烯纳米材料疏水性,采用硝酸氧化和超声波法制备石墨烯分散悬浮液,考察石墨烯质量分数对水泥净浆力学性能及其微观结构的影响,探讨石墨烯的增强增韧作用机制,结果表明,水泥基复合材料的抗压、抗折强度随着石墨烯质量分数的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,且最佳质量分数为水泥质量的0.02%.通过SEM和FT-IR对硬化水泥石的结构进行表征,发现石墨烯能够促进水泥水化产物的生长,改变水化晶体的形状、尺寸,使其有形成完整、簇状的趋势,但并未与水泥发生化学反应,改变其生成物类型.     

混凝土中水泥水化反应放热模型及其应用

大体积混凝土结构水化热温度场分析的关键是混凝土中水泥水化反应放热模型的确定。基于化学反应动力学原理，提出了一种物理意义明确，考虑了温度和化学反应物浓度对化学反应速率影响的混凝土中水泥水化反应放热模型，并将其应用于有限元分析。算例分析表明，该模型能很好地拟合了混凝土绝热温升的实测数据，较精确地预测了在不同浇筑温度下混凝土绝热温升的变化规律。     

Influence of cellulose ethers on hydration products of portland cement

Cellulose ethers are widely used to mortar formulations,and it is significant to understand the interaction between cellulose ethers and cement pastes.FT-IR spectra,thermal analysis and SEM are used to investigate hydration products in the cement pastes modified by HEMC and HPMC in this article.The results show that the hydration products in modified cement pastes were finally identical with those in the unmodified cement paste,but the major hydration products,such as CH(calcium hydroxide),ettringite and C-...     

单向分布钢纤维增强水泥浆的制备与性能研究

研究了制备单向分布钢纤维增强水泥浆的方法及其性能.在成型阶段施加外部磁场,钢纤维可被磁化并受外部磁场作用,使水泥浆拌合物中的钢纤维形成定向分布,制备出单向分布钢纤维增强水泥浆.研究表明,这种方法制备的单向分布钢纤维增强水泥浆中,90%左右的钢纤维方向与磁场方向一致或接近;钢纤维方向系数达到0.95或更高;与乱向分布钢纤维增强水泥浆相比,单向分布钢纤维增强水泥浆抗折强度显著提高;抗折强度相同时,单向分布技术可节省钢纤维25%以上.     

高温下钢筋混凝土框架结构变形和内力的数值分析

利用ANSYS对四榀单层单跨钢筋混凝土框架进行有限元模拟分析,得到其在高温下的变形和内力计算结果,并与前人试验、数值计算结果进行对比分析,进而定性得到单层单跨框架结构在高温作用下的变形、内力变化规律,取得了较为理想的结果,为下一步继续研究结构在高温下的其他复杂力学性能提供一定的条件。