CFRP筋在RPC中锚固性能的理论分析及试验研究

静载试验详细研究了碳纤维增强塑料CFRP筋在活性粉末混凝土RPC的锚固性能。试验结果表明:对于抗拉强度不大于3000MPa的表面压纹CFRP筋在抗压强度130MPa的RPC中的临界锚固长度为20倍CFRP筋直径;多根压纹CFRP筋的合理筋间距为1倍CFRP筋直径。平均粘结强度及其对应滑移量的公式具有较好的适用性。平均粘结应力与滑移之间的预测曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,验证了提出的粘结滑移本构关系。理论推导了锚固变量沿锚固长度分布的表达式,算例验证了有效性。分析表明:距离自由端约为0.6倍锚固长度位置处的粘结应力等于平均粘结应力。对于压纹CFRP筋,当锚长≤12.5倍筋材直径时,粘结应力沿埋长分布较为均匀,其不均匀性系数在1.02―1.05之间;当埋长>12.5倍且≤20倍筋材直径时,粘结应力沿埋长分布较为不均匀,其不均匀性系数在1.05―1.14之间。     

CFRP筋粘结型锚固系统数值模拟及失效分析

针对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)筋粘结型锚固系统,采用数值分析研究了不同锚具内壁与锚固胶体间的摩擦系数、不同锥形倾角、锚具前端有无直筒过渡段及有无端堵约束对筋材应力状态的影响,找出了筋材在靠近锚具端部发生破坏的原因,提出了相关强度分析方法及锚固改进方法,并用试验结果验证了方法的有效性。分析结果表明:筋材在摩擦系数为0.7时受到的径向挤压应力峰值只有摩擦系数为0.3时受到的径向挤压应力峰值的45.01%;随着锥形倾角增大,CFRP筋在锚具锥段所受的径向挤压应力峰值逐渐减小,所受剪应力峰值逐渐增大;在锥段末端增设直筒过渡段可以缓解筋材所受到的径向挤压应力与剪应力峰值,缓解系数分别为76.78%与52.90%;端堵约束的存在使锚具端部应力集中现象明显,导致筋材在锚具端部发生破坏。     

CFRP筋拉伸强度预测模型评价及应用

在初步建立CFRP筋拉伸强度预测模型基础上,对该模型典型因子影响材料强度权重进行研究评价,根据结果提出CFRP筋制备过程中强度补偿机制。结果表明:典型因子碳纤维拉伸强度(σf)和体积分数(Vf)对CFRP筋拉伸强度影响最为显著(影响率为39.1%~46.7%和43.5%~52.6%),是决定CFRP筋拉伸性能的最重要因素。公称直径(D)对CFRP筋拉伸强度存在一定程度影响(影响率7.1%~15.4%)。基体树脂强度(σm)对CFRP筋拉伸强度影响不明显(影响率0.3%~1.0%),相比其他三种因素,可近似忽略。依据预测模型典型因子强度补偿规律,可较方便推测CFRP筋组分碳纤维强度及体积分数参数。     

无粘结CFRP筋部分预应力混凝土连续梁试验与分析

制备了9根两跨无粘结CFRP筋部分预应力混凝土连续梁,并完成了每跨三分点加载试验。考察了在加载过程中的开裂、中支座控制截面非预应力筋屈服、跨中控制截面非预应力筋屈服、极限破坏状态等阶段的受力特征,获得了无粘结CFRP筋在设计用承载能力极限状态和真实承载能力极限状态下的应力增长规律,基于试验结果提出了在这两个状态下的中支座两侧等效塑性铰长度计算公式,提出了分别以中支座控制截面综合配筋指标为自变量和以中支座控制截面相对塑性转角为自变量的弯矩调幅的计算公式。      

CFRP筋夹板式锚具锚固性能试验研究

设计了一种CFRP 筋夹板式锚具,通过对40 个CFRP 筋-锚具组装件的拉拔试验,研究了锚固长度、螺栓预紧力、螺栓数量和CFRP 筋表面处理等对锚具锚固性能的影响.试验结果表明:试件的破坏形态包括CFRP筋的滑移、断裂和拉脱三种,试件达到极限荷载时的滑移量较小.增加锚固长度、螺栓总预紧力、螺栓数量以及对CFRP 筋表面打磨处理均可在一定范围内提高锚具试件的极限荷载.通过合理控制上述参数,可以使锚具发挥良好的锚固性能,满足实际使用要求.该文给出了CFRP 筋夹板式锚具合理的构造和螺栓预紧力值.在试验研究基础上,分析了CFRP 筋夹板式锚具的锚固作用机理,建立考虑锚固长度、螺栓预紧力和螺栓数量的CFRP 筋-锚具界面平均摩擦系数模型,并提出夹板式锚具的极限荷载计算公式,与试验结果吻合良好,具有较好的适用性.     

石材表层嵌埋CFRP筋粘结性能试验研究

在花岗岩石梁受拉区嵌入CFRP筋以提高其抗弯承载力,对既有石结构加固和拓展现代石结构的应用范围具有重要意义。为研究石梁表层嵌埋CFRP筋组合石梁中CFRP筋、粘结剂与花岗岩的粘结性能,开展了26个直接拔出试件的试验研究。主要研究参数包括CFRP筋直径大小、CFRP筋嵌埋长度和粘结剂保护层厚度。试验现象揭示了3种典型破坏...     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土与钢筋粘结锚固试验研究

通过对内贴应变片钢筋的直接拔出试验,分析钢筋直径、相对锚固长度（l_a/d）及混凝土相对保护层厚度（c/d）对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土与钢筋间粘结性能的影响,得出不同钢筋直径、锚固长度及相对保护层厚度对试件粘结锚固性能的影响规律,并提出塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土钢筋锚固长度计算公式。试验结果表明：随钢筋直径的增大,试件粘结刚度增强,极限粘结强度先提高后降低;增加钢筋锚固长度会降低试件极限平均粘结强度,同时极限粘结强度对应钢筋自由端滑移量减小,试件粘结韧性则随锚固长度的增加而减小;混凝土相对保护层厚度增加会使试件极限粘结强度先提高然后趋于平稳。根据试验结果得到的钢筋锚固长度计算公式与规范给出的计算公式进行比较,从极限粘结强度的角度看,规范中的钢筋锚固长度计算公式偏于保守。     

基于ABAQUS的表面内嵌CFRP筋粘结滑移性能数值模拟分析

利用ABAQUS有限元软件,对混凝土、CFRP筋或板条以及粘结剂分别采用不同的单元类型,特别是运用Spring2非线性弹簧单元来模拟表面内嵌CFRP筋或板条混凝土的粘结作用,同时考虑材料各自的本构关系,对表面内嵌CFRP筋混凝土拉拔试件和内嵌CFRP板条加固混凝土梁试件进行有限元模拟,将模拟结果与已有试验结果进行对比验证。结果表明,利用数值模拟的方法可以得到较为准确的拉拔试件的极限值,也可以较为正确地模拟加固梁的受力过程。在验证模拟结果正确的基础上,进一步分析了拉拔试件CFRP筋应力、滑移、粘结应力随不同位置的变化规律以及加固梁CFRP板条粘结区域内应变和粘结应力的分布情况。研究结果表明,对于拉拔试件,不同荷载等级作用下,CFRP筋在粘结区域内不同位置处的应力呈非线性变化,而粘结应力峰值出现在距加载点20mm~40mm位置处,其随位置的变化曲线呈偏态曲线特点。对于表面内嵌CFRP板条加固梁,粘结区域内CFRP应变和粘结应力在梁屈服后激增,且呈非线性变化。     

高温作用后GFRP筋与海水珊瑚混凝土粘结性能试验研究

为了研究高温后玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(GFRP)筋与海水珊瑚混凝土的残余粘结性能,对54个GFRP筋珊瑚混凝土试件及钢筋珊瑚混凝土对比试件进行了高温作用后的中心拔出试验,最高温度为350℃,混凝土强度等级考虑C20～C30。观察了高温后试件的表观变化及粘结破坏形态,获取了各试件的粘结-滑移曲线、粘结强度、粘结刚度和峰值滑移量,分析了不同温度、GFRP筋直径、海水珊瑚混凝土强度等因素对高温后GFRP筋与海水珊瑚混凝土粘结性能的影响。基于烧失率和XRD分析,剖析了GFRP筋海水珊瑚混凝土的高温劣化机制。最后,提出高温后GFRP筋与珊瑚混凝土的剩余粘结强度计算式和粘结-滑移本构模型。研究结果表明：高温作用后,尽管GFRP筋与珊瑚混凝土的粘结破坏形态与常温相似,GFRP筋的碳化和珊瑚混凝土的分解使得二者界面发生显著劣化;随着温度的提高,GFRP筋与珊瑚混凝土的粘结强度逐渐降低,峰值滑移量增大;GFRP筋直径越小,高温后的剩余粘结强度和剩余粘结刚度越小;珊瑚混凝土强度等级越高,剩余粘结刚度越大,峰值滑移量越小。所提出的高温后GFRP筋与珊瑚混凝土剩余粘结强度和粘结-滑移本构关系计算结果与试验结...     

Mechanical properties of lightweight concrete made with coal ashes after exposure to elevated temperatures

This study investigated the thermal resistance of lightweight concrete with recycled coal bottom ash and fly ash. Specimens were exposed to temperatures up to 800 °C then cooled to room temperature before conducting experiments. Compressive strength test, FF-RC test, TG analysis, and XRD analysis were performed to analyze the physicochemical effects of coal ashes on the thermal resistance of concrete. Test results indicated that both bottom ash and fly ash were associated with a substantial increase in the residual strength of thermal exposed concretes. The results were attributed to the surface interlocking effect and the smaller amount of SiO₂ for bottom ash. For fly ash, the formation of pozzolanic C-S-H gel and tobermorite retained water at high temperatures, and the consumption of Ca(OH)₂ lowered stress from rapid recrystallization after exposure to 600 °C. It was concluded that the incorporation of coal ashes allows for lightweight concrete with good thermal resistance.     

Novel wedge-shaped bond anchorage system for pultruded CFRP plates

Prestressed strengthening with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates has gained attention for the rehabilitation of existing structures. In this study, a novel wedge-shaped bond anchorage system was developed. The wedge-shaped adhesive in the bond zones exerted a high pressure on the CFRP plate when the CFRP plate was subjected to tension. The shear force along the fiber direction resisted the tension force of the CFRP plate, realizing reliable anchorage. The shear stress in the anchorage zone was distributed uniformly, owing to the deformation of the low-modulus adhesive. Therefore, the stress concentration was reduced, which generally occurs for traditional CFRP anchors and causes premature failure of the CFRP plate. The stress distribution in the anchorage zone was obtained by mechanical analysis, and the maximum anchorage-bearing capacity was calculated based on the critical bond-slip criterion of the CFRP plate and epoxy adhesive. The effects of the adhesive properties on the anchorage efficiency were also investigated. A test was performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed anchorage system.     

炭纤维强化板及其加固混凝土梁的力学性能

为探寻涂胶对炭纤维布力学性能的影响 , 深入了解其加固混凝土结构的力学行为 , 对制备的炭纤维强化板(CFRP)及其加固混凝土梁 , 分别进行了轴向拉伸和预制裂缝四点弯曲加载实验。对比有胶与无胶纤维布拉伸实验 , 表明环氧树脂不仅粘接纤维布 , 对纤维布有保护作用 , 而且能够显著提高其拉伸强度。通过对加固混凝土梁的 FRP外贴应变片的加载过程进行电测跟踪测试 , 得到了材料结构损伤破坏过程曲线。由力学模型和曲线点拟合的最小二乘法 , 对 CFRP板所受轴力及混凝土的界面剪应力分布进行分析 , 得到轴力及剪应力分布。在载荷的变化过程中 , FRP与混凝土的界面逐渐脱粘 , 使得 FRP的应力集中程度降低 , 有时会出现应变回弹现象。      

Fatigue behavior of a thin gage Ni alloy after exposure to elevated temperature

Thin gage Ni-base superalloy materials are being targeted for hypersonic applications up to 1100 °C. To achieve an optimized system design, standard mechanical behavior data on these materials are needed under a range of loading conditions such as tensile, creep and fatigue at representative temperatures. In order to meet this need, a unique test system developed in-house for determining materials properties of very thin materials was used to determine the fatigue response of a high temperature Ni alloy, both with and without prior exposure to elevated temperatures. This paper examines the effects of elevated temperature exposure on the ductility and fatigue resistance of Haynes 230 with a thickness of 0.127 mm.     

Mechanical characterization of steel/CFRP double strap joints at elevated temperatures

This paper examines the mechanical performance of steel/CFRP adhesively-bonded double strap joints at elevated temperatures around the glass transition temperature (T_g, 42 °C) of the adhesive. A series of joints with different bond lengths were tested to failure at temperatures between 20 °C and 60 °C. It was found that the joint failure mode changed from adherend failure to debonding failure as the temperature approached T_g. In addition, the ultimate load and joint stiffness decreased significantly at temperatures near to and greater than T_g, while the effective bond length increased with temperature. Based on the ultimate load prediction model developed by Hart-Smith for double lap joints and kinetic modelling of the mechanical degradation of the adhesive, a mechanism-based model is proposed to describe the change of effective bond length, stiffness and strength degradation for steel/CFRP double strap joints at elevated temperatures. The modelling results were validated by the corresponding experimental measurements.     

Mechanical properties of SMC-35 after prolonged exposure to the atmosphere

The way in which the time of exposure to the atmosphere modifies both the elastic properties and the ultimate strengths of sheet moulding compounds has been evaluated. Various plates of this material were exposed to the elements over a total period of 2 years, periodic tests being carried out every 6 months. As well as the static mechanical properties, the dynamic flexure properties have also been obtained for different frequencies and over a range of temperatures from 20 to 250°C.     

Al颗粒夹层CFRP复合材料力学及电磁屏蔽性能EI北大核心

CFRP复合材料具有优异的力学性能,在航空航天装备中有广泛应用,但是因其单层铺层内部的结构各向异性,单向纤维铺层对于垂直极化波的电磁屏蔽效能较弱。为应对日益复杂的电磁环境,保护电子元器件不受干扰,增强复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能显得尤为重要,本工作利用非连续Al颗粒在层间面内紧密排列,构建了一种层间面内含连续Al屏蔽层的CFRP复合材料,并研究了不同Al颗粒含量对复合材料电磁屏蔽效能和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着Al颗粒含量的增加,CFRP复合材料的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能也随之增加,当聚合物中Al颗粒质量分数达到33.3%时,复合材料的面内电导率提高了3个数量级,在垂直于纤维方向上对频率为3~17 GHz的电磁波的电磁屏蔽效能提高了10 dB以上。随着Al颗粒含量的增加,复合材料层间剪切强度与弯曲强度出现先上升后下降的变化规律,当树脂中Al质量分数为33.3%时,复合材料的层间剪切性能提高了5.2%达到80.5 MPa,当树脂中Al质量分数为50%时,复合材料的弯曲强度提高了20%至1441.0 MPa,弯曲模量提高了10.2%达到101.83 GPa。由此可见,Al颗粒夹层CFRP复合材料可以实现力学性能和电磁屏蔽效能的同步提升,是一种具有广泛应用前景的结构-电磁屏蔽一体化复合材料。