铝合金连续铸造喷水冷却的换热系数

基于边界条件替换法建立了铝合金连续铸造喷水冷却过程的换热系数计算模型.采用实验测量铸锭冷却过程的表面温度和温度场数值计算相结合的方法,确定了铸锭表面温度为100～500 ℃和喷水密度为11.3～27.8     

Aging of an aluminum alloy resulting from variations in the cooling rate

The effect that the rate of cooling after solubilization exerts on the aging behavior of an aluminum heat treatable alloy was studied. Bars of the alloy were heated in a box furnace for solubilization, and after this was achieved they were cooled to room temperature by placing one end in a shallow tank of water. Thermal evolution along the bar was registered with the aid of thermocouples connected to a PC-based data logging system. Small samples were cut from the bars and aged for different times and temperatures. Results from microhardness tests indicate that peak hardness, at a given aging temperature, augments with the increase of the cooling rate until a certain value is achieved, above which the hardness remains constant. This feature was found to be due to precipitation taking place at the lower cooling rates.     

Relationship between cooling rate and electrochemical performance of melt-spun AB_5 alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONNi/MHsecondarybatterieshaverapidlybeendevelopedandgraduallysubstitutedforNi/Cdbatter iesintherecentdecadeduetoitshighspecificenergydensityandhavingnopoisonouselementcadmium .TheactivematerialofnegativeelectrodewidelyusedinNi/MHsecondarybatteriesisAB5 typehydrogenstoragealloynowadays .However ,itisstillneededtoimprovethecomprehensive propertiesofAB5 typehydrogenstoragealloyforprolongingtheservicelifeofNi/MHbatteries .Anormalmethodtoimprovethecomprehensivepropertiesofthe…     

Effects of melt spinning process parameters and wheel surface quality on production of 6060 aluminum alloy powders and ribbons

The aim of this study is to investigate the surface quality of the melt spinning wheel, which was changed from smooth type to textured structure, to atomize liquid metal to form powders. The effects of melt spinning process parameters like wheel speed, gas ejection pressure, molten metal temperature, nozzle–wheel gap and wheel surface quality on the morphological and microstructural features of 6060 aluminum alloy powders and ribbons were investigated. It was observed that ribbon type material was obtained with the smooth wheel and the powder was produced with textured type. The sizes of produced ribbons with smooth surface wheel varied in the range of 30−170 µm in thickness, 4−8 mm in width, and 0.5−1 m in length. The average powder size of the powders manufactured using the textured wheel was in the range of 161−274 µm, depending on the process parameters. Increasing the wheel speed, melt temperature and decreasing gas ejection pressure, nozzle−wheel gap resulted in the decrease of both ribbon thickness and powder size. The microstructures of the powders and ribbons were the equiaxed cellular type, and the average grain sizes diminished with decreasing the ribbon thickness and powder size. The maximum cooling rates were 2.00×10⁵ and 1.26×10⁴ K/s for the ribbon with thickness of 30 µm and for the powder with size of 87 µm, respectively.     

快速凝固新型Au-Ag-Ge合金薄带的制备

采用单辊快速凝固法制备了Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge合金薄带。利用TEM方法对合金薄带的显微组织进行了观察分析,根据热传输平衡方程对快速凝固过程冷却速率进行估算。结果表明:辊面线速度在18~24 m/s范围内时,快速凝固冷却速率可达8.93×105~1.293×106K/s,随着快速凝固冷却速率的增加,合金薄带厚度有所减小;单辊快速凝固工艺的冷却速率对合金薄带的显微组织有重要影响,由于快速凝固工艺增加了材料的固溶度,减小了成分偏析,细化了晶粒,因此显微组织更加均匀细小,形成了纳米晶,快速冷却工艺在金属熔液内垂直于辊轮方向上产生的冷却速度梯度,造成了晶粒内部应力集中现象的产生。     

Preparation of heat-resistant aluminum alloy pipe blanks by multi-layer spray deposition

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＦＶＳｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｈｅａｔ ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍａｌｌｏｙｓｗｅｒｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅ ｐｌａｎａｒｆｌｏｗｃａｓｔｉｎｇｂｙＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＡｌｌｉｅｄＳｉｇｎａｌｓＣｏｍｐａｎｙｉｎ 1986 [1] .Ｂｅ ｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｓａｔｒｏｏｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓ ,ｈｉｇｈｅｌａｓｔｉｃｍｏｄｕｌｉａｎｄｇｏｏｄｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ,ｔｈｅｙｈ…     

Effects of Ti addition on microstructures of melt-spun CuCr ribbons

The microstructure and resistivity of melt-spun CuCrTi ribbon were studied.The results reveal that the maximal size of theprimary Cr particles in the microstructures is below 100 nm by 0.65%-3.8%Ti(mole fraction)addition and the resistivity of annealedribbons of 0.65%-1.3%Ti addition can meet the need of the contact materials used by the medium-voltage vacuum interrupters.Bycontrasting the melt-spun microstructures to the annealed microstructures,the primary Cr particles do not grow up quickly in theannealing process.The X-ray diffraction studies reveal that alloying increases the amount of the solute in Cu and Cr phases andresults in the increase of resistivity.By the thermodynamic analysis,adding Ti to CuCr29 alloys increases the critical supercooling ofthe liquid/solid transformation,which makes the critical radius of nucleation decrease and the rate of nucleation increase.As a result,the microstructure of CuCr ribbon can be further refined.     

快速凝固Ti-48Al合金的组织及纳米硬度(英文)

研究冷却速度对熔体旋转法制备的快速凝固Ti-48%Al合金组织的影响。结果表明:同传统凝固相比,快速凝固明显细化了Ti-48%Al合金的组织,并使合金的成分变得均匀。随着冷却速度的增加,合金的晶粒明显细化。研究薄带厚度、辊速与冷却速度的关系。随着辊速的增加,冷却速度增加,薄带厚度呈减小的趋势。由于细晶强化的作用,快速凝固薄带的纳米硬度随着冷却速度的增加而增加。     

Liquid phase separation of Cu-Cr alloys during rapid cooling

1 Introduction Cu-Cr alloys containing 20%- 50%Cr have been widely investigated because they are the most important contact materials used in high voltage vacuum switches. It has been well known that the smaller the Cr particles in Cu-Cr alloys are, the b…     

冷却速度对Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si合金主要相组成的影响

为了解冷却速度对Al-Fe-V-Si合金耐热相的形成规律,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜检测了几种冷却速度条件下的Al-8.5Fe、Al-8.5Fe-1.7Si、Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si(质量分数,%)合金的微观组织结构.结果表明:V、Si元素能影响平衡相Al13Fe4的形貌,冷却速度对Al13Fe4的存在起着决定性作用,要消除Al13Fe4相就必须采用大的冷却速度(＞103K/s).在Al-8.5Fe-1.7Si-1.3V合金中全部得到α-Al和Al12(Fe,V)3Si相,冷却速度应大于104K/s.     

单辊法制备非晶合金中冷却速率的数值计算

以非晶合金形成过程中的传热分析为基础，计算了超导热急冷设备和铜急冷设备两种设备下非晶合金快速凝固开始后的冷却速率，并计算分析了在铜辊外表面涂镍或不锈钢后对非晶合金冷却速率的影响。结果发现，超导热急冷设备对非晶合金的快速凝固效果比铜急冷设备要好，在铜辊外表面涂镍或不锈钢后非晶合金的冷却速率在凝固开始一段时间内明显降低，其中涂不锈钢后最为明显。     

冷却速度对过共晶铝硅合金凝固组织和耐磨性能的影响

试验研究了在不同的冷却速度下凝固的Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si(质量分数,下同）合金的组织和耐磨性。实验结果表明,冷却速度对过共晶铝硅合金的凝固组织和耐磨性能有显著的影响。随着冷却速度的增加,Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si合金的凝固组织组成,初生硅的形貌和尺寸都发生明显的变化：冷却速度小于0．1K/s 的炉冷试样和冷却速度小于1K／s耐火砖型铸造试样的凝固组织由（α＋Si)共晶和初生Si相组成,初生Si相呈粗大的片状,共晶Si呈针状;冷却速度约10K/s的金属型铸造试样的凝固组织由（α＋Si)共晶,枝晶状α相和初生Si相组成,初生Si相为块状或长条状,共晶Si呈细小的针状,并且凝固组织中出现的枝晶状α相;凝固速度为（10^3-10^5)K/s的过喷粉末的凝固组织也是由（α＋Si)共晶,枝晶状α相和初生Si相组成,初生Si相为块状,而喷射沉积快速凝固Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si合金的沉积组织都是由Si相和α相组成,细小的Si相均匀分布在α基体中。随着冷却速度的增加,Al-20%Si和Al-30%Si合金的凝固组织中初生硅的尺寸明显减少,磨损机制发生变化,合金的耐磨性显著增加。     

7B50铝合金淬透性及其临界平均冷却速率的研究

本研究通过7B50合金改进型Jominy样品表面喷水淬火实验,在获得实测冷却曲线、不同时效状态合金的电导率和硬度的基础上,结合自然时效状态合金的微观组织,对7B50合金的淬透性及其临界平均冷却速率展开研究。结果表明:7B50合金自然时效50 d的淬透深度为70 mm,对应淬火敏感温度区间(420～230℃)内的平均冷却速率为1.55℃×s~(-1);先自然时效50 d再人工峰时效合金的淬透深度减至60 mm,对应的平均冷却速率为1.95℃×s~(-1);与自然时效状态相比,先自然时效再人工峰时效处理后合金的淬透性变差,淬火敏感性增加。表面喷水淬火时,非均匀析出相首先在晶界/亚晶界上析出,然后在基体内的Al_3Zr粒子上析出;晶界/亚晶界上观察到析出相,出现在距淬火表面仅3mm处,对应淬火敏感温度区间内的平均冷却速率高达981℃×s~(-1);基体内零星析出尺寸较小的非均匀析出相,出现在距淬火表面10mm处,对应的平均冷却速率为37.75℃×s~(-1)。喷水淬火后,距淬火表面25 mm处的性能与淬火表面处相比变化不大,该位置对应的平均冷却速率为9.34℃×s~(-1),远小于淬火表面处,控制7B50合金厚板的喷水淬火过程,使厚板内部的平均冷却速率接近但不低于9.34℃×s~(-1),厚板淬火-时效后将获得较好的性能。     

快速凝固高硅铝合金加热过程中的组织转变

利用气雾化法制备高硅铝合金粉末,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等现代测试手段,分析快速凝固高硅铝合金不同粒度粉末微观组织和结构特征,研究在不同加热温度和保温时间条件下针状富铁相的转变特性及β-Si相的粗化行为。结果表明:快速凝固高硅铝合金组织主要以基体上分布有大量细小的颗粒状和针状相为特征,合金粉末在加热过程中,随着温度的升高和保温时间的延长,颗粒β-Si相有粗化趋势,针状非平衡富铁相转变为棒状或颗粒状平衡相。通过台阶式连续加热模拟试验可获得针状相基本消失且颗粒β-Si相未发生明显粗化的组织。     

回归冷却速率对7050铝合金力学性能及晶间腐蚀抗力的影响

采用室温拉伸、抗晶间腐蚀性能测试(IGC)、光学显微镜(OM)及透射电镜(TEM)观察等手段,研究3种回归冷却速率(17℃/s,3℃/s,0.02℃/s)对回归再时效(RRA)态7050铝合金力学性能及抗晶间腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在快冷(17℃/s)条件下,回归态组织的过饱和固溶体含有较高的空位浓度,有利于再时效析出,再时效态组织的晶界析出相为较粗大的非连续颗粒,并有较宽的无沉淀析出带(PFZ);慢冷(3℃/s或0.02℃/s)条件下,在冷却过程中晶界和晶内均析出了微小的第二相,导致固溶体内空位浓度降低,影响再时效析出,使得再时效态组织的晶界析出相颗粒粗细不均匀,无沉淀析出带变窄。相应地,随冷却速率降低,合金的拉伸强度单调下降,抗晶间腐蚀性能先下降,后略有升高。     

Crystallization process in rapidly solidified Al-Nd-Ni amorphous alloy prepa red by melt spinning

1　INTRODUCTIONIntherecentfew years ,Al richmetallicglasshasbeenpaidmoreandmoreattentiontointhenovelmaterialsresearchfield ,notonlyduetoitshighstrength ,hardnessandlowdensity ,butalsobecauseanew typeAl basednanophasecompositecanbeob tainedfromitbypartialcrystallization[17] .ManyAl basedamorphous/nanocrystallinealloyscontainingrareearth(RE =La ,Y ,Ce ,Nd ,etc)andtransitionmetal(TM =Fe ,Co ,Ni,etc)elementshaveanattractivecombinationofmechanicalproper ties .Ithasbeenreportedthatmanyofth…     

6061铝合金淬火冷却过程中的表面换热系数

通过6061铝合金末端淬火测得的冷却曲线,结合有限差分法和反传热求解法,研究了6061合金固溶处理在不同冷却方式下的冷速及表面换热系数与温度的变化规律。结果表明,6061铝合金在水雾冷和喷水冷却过程中,端面冷速先增大后减小,在400℃左右达到峰值,峰值冷速约为30℃/s。6061铝合金的表面换热系数与温度呈非线性关系,其大小随着温度的降低先逐渐增大,在150～100℃范围内达最大值,然后下降;在风冷过程中,表面换热系数值先急剧增大,当温度下降到500℃后增速明显减慢。     

快速凝固TiAl合金冷却速度的计算

利用传热模型和物理模型计算了等离子旋转电极法（简称PREP）和锤砧法（简称HAP）制备的TiAl合金的冷却速度。计算结果显示：以高纯氩为冷却介质,PREP法制备的TiAl合金的冷却速度为10^2K/s-10^4K/s;锤砧法的冷速为10^5K/s-10^6K/s。     

Computer-aided cooling curve analysis of A356 aluminum alloy

Computer aided cooling curve analysis (CA-CCA) is very useful in the foundry industry for easy and fast evaluation of a variety of properties. Typical applications include the prediction of the temperatures and amounts of different phases appearing during solidification and monitoring of the quality of melt in terms of Si- modification, grain refinement, inoculation, and graphite spheoridization. The use of cooling curve analysis can be extended to many other areas of solidification also, assuming the calculated values are reasonably accurate. The calculation of zero curve, which is vital in cooling curve analysis, offers many problems however. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the problems of zero curve calculation and a new method is suggested to minimize calculation errors. An in-house developed computer program was used for a complete analysis of aluminum alloy A356 to determine the latent heat and solid fraction values.