气固两相平面混合层的直接数值模拟

本文采用直接数值模拟(DNS)方法研究了气固两相混合层的涡量场和颗粒扩散,分析了湍流混合层中涡结构的卷起和配对过程,并讨论了大尺度涡结构的配对过程对平均速度、雷诺应力的影响。同时分析了混合层中不同Stokes数的颗粒在涡结构的作用下的混合和扩散。结果显示Stokes数为1的颗粒主要分布在流场大尺度涡结构的外边界,而Stokes数为0.01在涡结构的作用下,在流场中充分混合。     

气固两相圆柱绕流的直接数值模拟

本文运用谱元方法对气固两相圆柱绕流进行了直接数值模拟。在获得高精度计算流场信息基础上,进行颗粒扩散运动的研究。通过研究颗粒大小对颗粒扩散运动的影响来刻画气固两相圆柱绕流的物理特征。研究时发现,由于圆柱尾流独特的涡结构特征,颗粒在流场中心轴线附近区域的扩散机理主要是决定于吸力作用,该作用会驱使小颗粒卷吸进入圆柱尾部近壁区,甚至与圆柱后壁发生碰撞,这种扩散机理与混合层中颗粒扩散机理明显不同。     

高雷诺数气固湍流射流的直接数值模拟

本文对流动雷诺数 Re=5990的空间发展的气固两相湍流射流进行了直接数值模拟。其中对流场的求解采用具有四阶精度的紧致差分格式,对颗粒场的跟踪采用拉格朗日方法。结果表明,湍流拟序结构逐渐由对称模式发展到非对称模式;较小 Stokes 数的颗粒在流场中均匀分布,较大 Stokes 数的颗粒沿横向没有明显的扩散,而 Stokes 数为 1的量级的颗粒则大量聚集在大涡结构的外围。     

驻波声场中圆柱形管道周围颗粒的运动特性

针对圆柱形管道外部的流体与颗粒介质运动问题,提出了结合圆柱周围声辐射力和声流Stokes力的研究方法。从柱体外部声流方程出发,得到影响涡流结构的无量纲参数Rem≥325.27时,外涡最大流速大于内涡最大流速。在此基础上,采用Nyborg的边界滑移速度理论,获得管道外部声流的极限滑移速度,推导得出圆柱附近的声辐射力公式。基于此公式,在理论上推导出颗粒速度为0、声辐射力和声流Stokes力平衡时,颗粒临界直径的表达式。通过对圆柱位于不同位置时,圆柱外部的颗粒运动进行仿真模拟,得到与理论公式相一致的结论:颗粒的临界直径的大小与声波频率有关,当颗粒直径小于临界直径时,声流Stokes力为主导,颗粒随声流运动,颗粒直径大于等于临界直径时,声辐射力为主导,颗粒在声辐射力作用下逐渐向声辐射力的节点聚集。理论与仿真结果表明该方法可用于分析管道外颗粒的分布状态,其研究结果有助于解决电站中换热器的管道结垢、热交换率降低等问题。     

基于POD方法开缝圆柱绕流流场的研究

利用粒子成像测速技术（particle image velocimetry,PIV）,在水槽中探究缝隙对圆柱流场结构的影响,应用频谱分析和本征正交分解（proper orthogonal decomposition,POD）方法,研究了开缝圆柱流场相干结构.实验Reynolds数范围内,缝隙的"吹吸"作用从根本上改变了圆柱绕流近区尾流结构,前6阶模态形态是流场中最主要的相干结构.第1,2阶模态形态控制着圆柱绕流流场涡街相继脱落过程,1或2阶模态系数为尾迹涡的固有频率;第3,4阶模态形态控制着脱落旋涡沿流向方向能量运输;第5,6阶模态形态中的同向涡旋结构作用于旋涡缓慢脱离柱体这一过程,并对旋涡能量起着衰减作用.      

纵向受迫振荡圆柱绕流问题的数值模拟

用有限体积法对平行于均匀来流方向受迫振荡的圆柱绕流问题进行了二维数值模拟.雷诺数选取Re=200、855、4000等几种亚临界雷诺数情况.通过研究不同振幅和振动频率下的流场结构和一些重要流动参数如升阻力系数、Strouhal数等随Re数、KC数、Stokes数的变化关系,验证了实验中观察到的一定条件下发生的"频率锁定"现象,并将涡脱落方式划分为三种主要模态.文中引入网格速度,对常用的处理速度与压力耦合的SIMPLE算法作了适当的补充和修改,以适应随时间变化的网格坐标.     

通道中串列旋转圆柱的格子Boltzmann-虚拟区域方法的模拟

通过结合格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)和虚拟区域(Fictitiou sDomain)思想,建立格子Boltzmann-虚拟区域(LB-DF/FD)方法.采用两套网格系统,欧拉网格用于流体,拉格朗日网格用于固体.原有的LBM在计算运动固体的受力方面存在数据振荡,LB-DF/FD方法改进了此缺陷.为验证该方法,模拟圆柱绕流、圆形颗粒在无限长通道中平动及在无限大流场中转动三种情况,结果与其他数值解及理论解符合得很好.利用该方法模拟低雷诺数下通道中串列旋转圆柱周围的流场,分析圆柱间距(g)及雷诺数(Re)对流场结构的影响.给出Re=0.001,0.1和10下,0.2≤g≤8.0的流线结构、圆柱升力、阻力以及力矩等数值结果.结果表明,g对流场的结构及圆柱的受力有显著影响,Re对圆柱阻力及Stokes单元数目的影响较大.     

转捩射流中涡结构与颗粒扩散的直接模拟

为考察转捩射流中拟序结构的空间演化过程及其对不同Stokes颗粒扩散的影响,采用有限容积方法和分步投影算法对三维气固两相射流进行了直接模拟。其中流体控制方程组的时间积分采用低存储三阶精度的Runge-Kutta格式; 颗粒的跟踪在拉格朗日框架下进行。模拟结果发现,在流场拟序结构由大尺度转化为小尺度的过程中,中、小Stokes数的颗粒能自发地调整它们的扩散方式,分别由非均匀状态向均匀状态以及由均匀状态向非均匀状态转变。     

液固两相流中流体旋涡对固体粒子运动影响的数值研究

基于离散涡方法求得的非定常、不稳定流场和颗粒的Lagrangian运动方程,数值计算了四种St数下的泥沙粒子在圆柱绕流场中的运动。计算结果证明了颗粒运动与流体旋涡存在着明确的相关结构：在钝体（圆柱）表面附着泥沙,当流体流过钝体时产生具有剧烈分离的不稳定流动,带动钝体表面泥沙起浮。对于小St数（0．15～0．59）与中等St数（1．33～2．36）的泥沙颗粒被流体旋涡所带起,井被卷入流体旋涡结构内,被卷入流体旋涡结构内的泥沙颗粒在运动过程中始终分布于旋涡区,即在旋涡区聚集。     

三维射流中颗粒与流体的双向耦合作用

采用基于欧拉一拉格朗日的双向耦合模型对三维气固两相平面射流中颗粒与流体的双向耦合作用进行了直接数值模拟.在考虑颗粒相的反作用后,气相运动采用直接耦合求解,计算颗粒场时,选取Stokes数为0.1的较小颗粒,采用Lagrangian方法跟踪其运动.重点考察了颗粒相与流体相之间的相互作用,分析了不同固相载率的颗粒对流场特性以及对自身扩散的影响.模拟结果表明由于颗粒的影响,在射流入口处流场最初生成的两个大涡沿横向被拉伸,而在射流下游区域,涡结构则沿流向被拉伸;在射流的下游,颗粒降低了流场中心区域的流向平均速度,削弱了流场中心区域的湍流强度.此外,跟单向耦合相比,双向耦合情况下的颗粒分布更加均匀,并且均匀程度随固相载率的增加而增大.     

气固两相混合层流场双向耦合的数值研究

采用双向耦合模型对有涡配对的二维气固两相混合展数值模拟,在考虑颗粒对流场反作用基础上进一步对颗粒间通过流体的相互作用进行分析。流场用拟谱方法求解,颗粒用颗粒轨道模型跟踪。结果发现,流场中大涡卷起和配对仍居主导地位;颗粒Ｓｔ数为Ｏ（０．１）～Ｏ（１）时,颗粒减弱了流场雷诺应力强度,加快涡量扩散; Ｓｔ数为Ｏ（１）时,颗粒分布极不均匀,主要集中在渴的边缘．     

Investigation of turbulent flow past a flagged short finite circular cylinder

This study was conducted to investigate the flow structures of turbulent flow passing over a short finite cylinder in which a rigid flag is attached to the rear of the cylinder, in wake region. The length-to-diameter ratio of the cylinder was chosen to be L/D = 2, whereas the rigid flag had a width-to-diameter ratio of W/D = 1.5. Wall-adapted large-eddy simulation (LES-WALE) was used to resolve unsteady turbulent flow structures. The far field Reynolds number based on cylinder diameter was chosen to be 20,000. The results were compared with the regular case wherein no flag was attached to the cylinder. Results revealed that the flow pattern behind the cylinder with flag was totally different in comparison with the regular case one. However, top free end of the cylinder was not influenced by the flag in contrast with the wake region. At far downstream from the cylinder, most of the flow structures in both cases appeared the same. The horseshoe vortices in both cases appeared to be an unsteady phenomenon, with slightly different patterns. Moreover, in the case of flag attachment, the pressure coefficient was smaller than that of with no flag. Finally, it was shown that the main and secondary Strouhal numbers locations were different in both cases.     

Structure-based interpretation of the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship

The wake in the flow past a circular cylinder has posed a long-standing challenge to scientists since the late 19th century. Many aspects of this seemingly simple phenomenon remain unexplained. Of particular interest is the relationship between the dimensionless vortex shedding frequency (the Strouhal number St) and the ratio of inertial to viscous forces in the fluid (the Reynolds number Re). We propose a new St-Re relation based on the observations of the structure of a vortex street in flowing soap films. The measurements suggest a simple two-parameter form St=1/(A+B/Re) that describes laminar vortex shedding remarkably well for bulk fluids as well as for two-dimensional flowing soap films.     

绕圆柱体自由表面磁流体流动和传热的研究

本文对在不同雷诺数下,绕圆柱体的磁流体自由表面流动及传热进行了模拟,分析了磁场对绕流圆柱尾迹和涡分离的影响,获得了两种雷诺数下的电磁力密度、流场和温度场分布。结果表明,磁场不仅影响了流动的形态,而且对湍流有抑制作用,降低了自由表面的更新机制,从而减少了传热能力;在相同的Hartmann数下,相比低雷诺数下的流动换热情况,高雷诺数下的湍流不能被完全抑制,自由表面与尾迹的相互作用也较强,因而自由表面换热也较强。     

A study on drag reduction of a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder at low Reynolds number

The flow field around a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder in a uniform flow is studied by using a particle image velocimetry to understand the mechanism of drag reduction and the corresponding suppression of vortex shedding in the cylinder wake at low Reynolds number. Experiments are conducted on the flow around the circular cylinder under rotational oscillation at forcing Strouhal number 1, rotational amplitude 2 and Reynolds number 2,000. It is found from the flow measurement by PIV that the width of the wake is narrowed and the velocity fluctuations are reduced by the rotational oscillation of the cylinder, which results in the drag reduction rate of 30%. The mechanism of drag reduction is studied by phase-averaged PIV measurement, which indicates the formation of periodic small-scale vortices from both sides of the cylinder. It is found from the cross-correlation measurement between the velocity fluctuations that the large-scale structure of vortex shedding is almost removed in the cylinder wake, when the small-scale vortices are generated at the unstable frequency of shear layer by the influence of rotational oscillation.     

具有多孔介质覆面层的柱体绕流流场分析

建立多孔结构覆面柱体绕流模型, 采用含Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer作用力项的格子Boltzmann方程对覆盖多孔介质层的方柱绕流进行数值模拟, 研究多孔介质对钝体绕流流场特性的影响。结果表明: 相比于不可渗透壁的柱体, 引入合适参数的多孔介质覆面层后可以有效降低其升力脉动幅值, 但阻力有所增加。同时, 较高雷诺数下多孔方柱的数值模拟表明: 多孔介质壁面使得尾迹区域的剪切层相距更远, 降低了尾流处湍动能, 并将雷诺应力的峰值移动到尾迹区域, 抑制了方柱两侧的动量交换, 使动量交换的位置发生在尾迹区域, 继而使得尾迹的涡街更加规则化。     

数值模拟圆柱绕流旋涡运动及尾流不稳定性分析

1引言流体绕过圆柱所产生的非定常旋涡运动以及由此引起的流动不稳定性在理论和实践上都具有重要的意义。数值模拟圆柱绕流旋涡产生及演化过程，探讨圆柱尾流涡街产生的机制，控制尾迹不同速度型以抑制涡街的产生，避免涡激振动在工程上造成破坏作用具有重大实际意义。为使问题简化，本文以二维圆柱绕流作为研究对象。该流动涉及到非定常分离，旋涡的形成、运动及发展，流动不稳定性质改变等许多未完全解决的问题。B。had等山对圆柱突然起动问题作了一系列实验研究。文献门对二维圆柱绕流问题作了系统数值研究。本文采用文献门提出的差分格…     

High-speed planar thermometry and velocimetry using thermographic phosphor particles

Simultaneous gas-phase temperature and velocity imaging using micrometer-size thermographic phosphor particles seeded into the flow is demonstrated at a 3 kHz repetition rate. The velocity field is measured using a standard particle image velocimetry approach, while the temperature is determined from the temperature sensitive phosphorescence emission of the particles following excitation at 355 nm. Since the particles are very small, they rapidly assume the temperature and velocity of the surrounding gas. A single shot temperature precision of better than 5 % was achieved at 500 K. Time-resolved measurements in the wake of a heated cylinder are presented, demonstrating the utility of these imaging diagnostics to observe transient, coupled heat and mass transfer phenomena.