Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy of GaInAsSb by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Compositional Dependence of Surface Morphology and Electrical Properties of GaInAsSb Alloys Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Prediction of Composition of GaInAsSb Epilayers by MOCVD Using Pattern Recognition and Artificial Neural Network Method

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Dissociation of Tilt Dislocation Walls in Au

The movement or dissociation of dislocations is significantly important for better understanding the plastic deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of metals. It is commonly believed that a dislocation < 110 > /2 in Au is easy to dissociate into a pair of Shockley partial dislocations < 112 > /6 due to low stacking fault energy (SFE). Contrary to this prevailing perception, the present atomistic modeling demonstrates that this reaction could be completely suppressed when dislocations < 110 > /2 are grouped into tilt walls, consistent with our experimental observations. Such phenomenon is actually the extreme case accompanying with the variation of Burgers vectors of partials with tilt angle, as revealed by a series of simulations, from which it is clearly seen that the Burgers vectors of partials deviate considerably from that of Shockley partials, enormously depending on the tilt angle. Our findings could facilitate a better understanding on many phenomena and properties of face-centered cubic metals (FCC).     

Effective Stacking Fault Energy in Face-Centered Cubic Metals

As a typical configuration in plastic deformations, dislocation arrays possess a large variation of the separation of the partial dislocation pairs in face-centered cubic(fcc) metals. This can be manifested conveniently by an effective stacking fault energy(SFE). The effective SFE of dislocation arrays is described within the elastic theory of dislocations and verified by atomistic simulations. The atomistic modeling results reveal that the general formulae of the effective SFE can give a reasonably satisfactory prediction for all dislocation types, especially for edge dislocation arrays. Furthermore, the predicted variation of the effective SFE is consistent with several previous experiments, in which the measured SFE is not definite, changing with dislocation density. Our approach could provide better understandings of cross-slip and the competition between slip and twinning during plastic deformations in fcc metals.     

分子动力学模拟不同层错能单晶Ni及其合金拉伸变形行为

采用分子动力学模拟了不同尺寸模型的单晶Ni及Ni₅₇Cr₁₉Co₁₉Al₅合金[100]晶向拉伸变形过程,确定了具有稳定塑性流变应力的模型尺寸,进一步研究了在具有稳定塑性流变应力的相同模型下单晶Ni及其合金拉伸变形行为。结果表明,层错能较低的单晶Ni₅₇Cr₁₉Co₁₉Al₅合金在小尺寸模型拉伸变形时,容易形成多层孪晶结构或变形孪晶;模型的横截面边长大于30倍的晶格常数时,塑性流变阶段流变应力、相结构及位错密度随应变起伏趋于平稳。具有稳定流变应力的相同尺寸单晶Ni及其合金拉伸时,层错能越低,塑性变形时层错面的面积越大。Shockley不全位错在单晶Ni及其合金塑性变形过程中起主导作用,多层孪晶的形成伴随着位错耗尽,变形孪晶的形成与湮灭则主要由位错饥饿机制主导。     

Texture and Microstructure Evolution During Tensile Testing of TWIP Steels with Diverse Stacking Fault Energy

Texture and microstructure evolution in two kinds of the twinning induced plasticity （TWIP） steels （Fe-Mn- Si-AI and Fe-Mn-C） with diverse stacking fault energies during tensile testing were investigated by interrupted testing. The strain-hardening rate curves of the two steels were quite similar, but the texture characterization curves （maximum of pole density measured by X-ray diffraction） were varied. According to the curvature of max pole density curves, the evolution of the texture and the microstructure can be divided into three stages： low strain stage, medium stage and high stage. In low strain stage the difference of the microstructure came from the intensity of dislocation, which was much smaller in Fe-Mn-Si-AI. The main difference of the microstructure in medium and high strain stages originated from the numbers of activated twin systems. There were more than one twin systems activated in Fe-Mn-C, while only a single twin system activated in Fe-Mn-Si-AI. Texture showed various differences in the whole tensile process because it was affected by their micromechanism, such as concentration of the dislocation and the activation of twin systems. Texture in low strain stage was connected with annealing twin; the evolution ofthe texture was mainly induced by deformation twin generation. More than one activated twin systems in medium and high stages may counteract each other in the view of concentration of the grain orientations.     

激光熔覆FeCrNiCoMnBx高熵合金涂层的组织结构与性能

采用激光熔覆技术制备FeCrNiCoMnB_x高熵合金涂层,研究了硼含量对激光熔覆FeCrNiCoMnB_x高熵合金涂层的组织结构、硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,以及硼化物中层错形成机制。结果表明:涂层均由简单fcc结构固溶体和硼化物两相组成。当硼含量x≤0.75时,生成的硼化物以(Cr,Fe)_2B相为主;而当硼含量x=1时,生成大量的(Fe,Cr)_2B相。随着硼含量的增加,涂层中的硼化物含量增加,硬度增大,耐磨性能增强。硼化物(Fe,Cr)_2B相在(110)面存在大量堆垛层错。硼化物中的层错是(Fe,Cr)_2B相通过(110)面的层错(滑移距离为1/4[111])方式而向(Cr,Fe)_2B相转变而产生。     

形变AZ91合金微结构对半固态组织形成的影响

研究了形变AZ91镁合金的相结构和精细组织及其对SIMA法半固态组织形成的影响。结果表明,形变AZ91镁合金组织由细小的αMg等轴晶和Mg17Al12化合物颗粒组成。在αMg基体中存在着大量的大角度亚晶和较高密度的位错缠结以及较大程度的晶格畸变。Mg17Al12相颗粒、高密度位错区及具有高畸变能的晶界为半固态合金提供了应变诱发激活液化源,而晶界、亚晶界则为半固态温度下溶质原子的扩散及液相的浸渗提供了便捷的通道,加速了半固态合金的液化和粒化进程。加热温度为565℃、等温时间5min时,即可获得晶粒形态圆整、分布均匀、固相率为57%的半固态合金。     

Ultrafine-Grained Microstructure and Improved Mechanical Behaviors of Friction Stir Welded Cu and Cu–30Zn Joints

Ultra-strong joints of pure Cu and Cu–30Zn alloy were obtained by friction stir welding under flowing water. The effects of heat inputting condition and material characteristics on the morphologies, microstructures and mechanical properties of welding joints were studied. Defect-free stirring zones of pure Cu and Cu–30Zn were characterized by onion-ringed structure and plastic flowing bands, respectively. Both low stacking fault energy and fast cooling condition contributed to the formation of small recrystallized grains less than 1 μm in stirring zones. The welding joints in both materials exhibited enhanced mechanical performances due to ultrafine-grained microstructure in stirring zones and disappearance of soft heataffected-zone. The technique of digital image correlation was used to study the tensile deformation behaviors of welding joints and verify the improved tensile properties.     

Deformation behavior of Mo5SiB2

First-principles calculations were employed to analyze the possible slip systems in Mo₅SiB₂. A striking result was obtained that the three most favorable slip systems, <100>(001), <110>(001) and [001]{010}, have close stacking fault energies, and the preference among them cannot be established. This finding explains a large variety of experimentally observed slip systems in Mo₅SiB₂. The dislocations associated with these slip systems may dissociate into partials joined with stacking faults and separated by the large splitting width of 5–6 nm.     

Joining mechanism of Ti/Al dissimilar alloys during laser welding-brazing process

Joining mechanism of Ti/Al dissimilar alloys was investigated during laser welding-brazing process with automated wire feed. The microstructures of fusion welding and brazing zones were analysed in details by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that microstructures of fusion welding zone consist of α-Al grains and ternary near-eutectic structure with α-Al, Si and Mg₂Si. Interfacial reaction layers of brazing joint were composed of α-Ti, nanosize granular Ti₇Al₅Si₁₂ and serration-shaped TiAl₃. For the first time, apparent stacking fault structure in intermetallic phase TiAl₃ was found when the thickness of the reaction layer was very thin (approximately less than 1 μm). Furthermore, crystallization behavior of fusion zone and mechanism of interfacial reaction were discussed in details.     

预变形对2099合金组织性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、力学性能测试和透射电镜观察等手段,研究了不同预变形程度对2099合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着预变形程度增大,合金时效进程显著加快,合金峰时效态的强度显著提高;析出相更为细小弥散地分布于基体中,较为粗大的晶界析出相趋于不连续化、点链化;时效强化相经历了由T_1相、δ′相和θ′相三相共存到以T_1相为主要强化相的变化过程,表明预变形对时效过程中析出相的大小、类型、分布有重要影响,在促进T_1相析出的同时,也消耗了δ′相和θ′相。     

Control of Strain Hardening Behavior in High-Mn Austenitic Steels

Austenitic high-Mn steels with Mn contents between approximately 15 and 30 wt% gain much interest because of their excellent mechanical properties and the option for adjusting strain hardening behavior due to different deformation mechanisms. 2D and 3D composition-dependent stacking fault energy （SFE） maps indicate the effect of chemical composition and temperature on SFE and consequently on the deformation mechanisms. Three steels with different chemical compositions and the same or different SFE are characterized in quasi-static tensile tests. The control parameters of strain hardening behavior in the high-Mn austenitic steels are described, and consequences for future developments are discussed.     

Mg-10Y-2.45Zn-1Ca-0.37Al合金的组织演变及力学行为

本文通过磁悬浮熔炼铜模吸铸工艺制备了Mg-10Y-2.45Zn和Mg-10Y-2.45Zn-1Ca-0.37Al两种合金,考察复合添加高含量Ca及少量Al合金元素对铸态Mg-10Y-2.45Zn合金中LPSO相形成的影响及其在固溶热处理及高温高应力下的组织演变规律及力学行为变化。结果表明,铸态下高含量Ca及少量Al参与了18R LPSO的大量形成且出现大量18R LPSO相分层界面;在高温下,不同于Mg-10Y-2.45Zn合金,Mg-10Y-2.45Zn-1Ca-0.37Al中的18R LPSO大量溶解,并在晶界处合并长大、a-Mg晶粒粗化;在高温大塑性变形条件下,大块状18R LPSO扭折、分层或破碎,18R LPSO相界附近发生动态再结晶和α-Mg基体内析出大量细小棒状14H LPSO相强化了合金。     

Effect of Extrusion Combination Types on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the AZ31/GW103K Bimetallic Composite Plates

The AZ31/GW103K bimetallic composite plates were prepared by co-extrusion of different combination types (sandwich extrusion type and double semicircle extrusion type), and effects of different extrusion combination types on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bimetallic composite plates were systematically investigated. The results show that both the AZ31/GW103K bimetallic composite plates prepared by different extrusion combination types have good metallurgical bonding, and changing the combination type does not affect the thickness of the interfacial transition layer of composite plates. Compared with the monolithic AZ31 and GW103K extruded plates, co-extrusion can promote the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of AZ31 and GW103K components in composite plates, and double semicircular extrusion type has a better promotion effect on the DRX than sandwich extrusion type. In addition, the texture of AZ31 in both monolithic AZ31 and AZ31/GW103K/AZ31 (A/G/A) plates is a typical (0002) basal texture, while that in the AZ31/GW103K (A/G) composite plate shifts to the tangent direction (TD) of extruded plate. Compared with the monolithic AZ31 extruded plate, both the yield strength and tensile strength of A/G and A/G/A bimetallic composite plates are significantly improved. The strength of A/G/A composite plate is higher than that of A/G composite plate, but its elongation is worse. Meanwhile, co-extrusion reduces the dislocation density of AZ31 and GW103K components in composite plates, and different extrusion combination types also affect the dislocation density.     

MOCVD Growth of Quaternary Ga_xIn_(1-x)As_(1-y)Sb_yAlloys:Solid Composition

ＭＯＣＶＤＧｒｏｗｔｈｏｆＱｕａｔｅｒｎａｒｙＧａｘＩｎ１－ｘＡｓ１－ｙＳｂｙＡｌｏｙｓ：ＳｏｌｉｄＣｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎＺｈａｎｇＢａｏｌｉｎ，ＪｉｎＹｉｘｉｎ，ＺｈｏｕＴｉａｎｍｉｎｇ，ＮｉｎｇＹｏｎｇｑｉａｎｇ（张宝林）（金亿鑫）（周天明）（宁永强）ＪｉａｎｇＨｏｎｇａｎｄＬｉＳｈｕｗｅｉ（蒋红）（李树纬）ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｃｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎ，１３００２１，ＣｈｉｎａＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ２５Ｊｕｌｙ１９９…     

Elastic Properties and Stacking Fault Energies of Borides,Carbides and Nitrides from First-Principles Calculations

Owing to the excellent elastic properties and chemical stability, binary metal or light element borides, carbides and nitrides have been extensively applied as hard and low-compressible materials. Researchers are searching for harder materials all the time. Recently, the successful fabrication of nano-twinned cubic BN(Tian et al. Nature 493:385–388, 2013) and diamond(Huang et al. Nature 510:250–253, 2014) exhibiting superior properties than their twin-free counterparts allows an efficient way to be harder. From this point of view, the borides, carbides and nitrides may be stronger by introducing twins, whose formation tendency can be measured using stacking fault energies(SFEs). The lower the SFEs, the easier the formation of twins. In the present study, by means of first-principles calculations, we first calculated the fundamental elastic constants of forty-two borides, seventeen carbides and thirty-one nitrides, and their moduli, elastic anisotropy factors and bonding characters were accordingly derived. Then, the SFEs of the {111} 112 glide system of twenty-seven compounds with the space group F43 m or Fm3m were calculated. Based on the obtained elastic properties and SFEs, we find that(1) light element compounds usually exhibit superior elastic properties over the metal borides, carbides or nitrides;(2) the 5 d transitionmetal compounds(ReB_2, WB, OsC, RuC, WC, OsN_2, TaN and WN) possess comparable bulk modulus( B) with that of cBN( B = 363 GPa);(3) twins may form in ZrB, HfN, PtN, VN and ZrN, since their SFEs are lower or slightly higher than that of diamond(SFE = 277 mJ/m~2). Our work can be used as a valuable database to compare these compounds.     

等径角挤压2A12铝合金超细晶组织结构研究

使用Φ=90°和ψ=30°的挤压模具在室温下对2A12铝合金进行了8次等径角挤压,成功制备了晶粒尺寸为200nm左右、具有大角度晶界的块体超细晶材料,并且采用HitachiS-800透射电镜,研究了挤压过程中2A12铝合金的组织结构及其变化。结果表明挤压一次后,晶粒内位错密度急剧增加,形成位错纠缠,晶粒细化效果最明显;挤压前分布在α-Al基体上的针状第二相Al2Cu和颗粒状Al2Cu Mg,在剪切力的作用下,针状Al2Cu变成颗粒状,弥散分布在α-Al基体上,Al2CuMg颗粒因晶粒细化进入了晶界位置,而且在以后的挤压中,这些化合物颗粒大小基本保持不变。继续挤压,位错逐渐由晶内移动到晶界上,在晶界上形成胞状组织,最后逐渐变成了清晰的小角度晶界或大角度晶界,从而实现组织的超细化。