聚丙烯腈螯合纤维的研究进展

聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)上的AN侧基可与多种物质反应,生成能够与金属离子配位的PAN螯合纤维,这已成为近年来一个重要的研究热点。归纳了PAN螯合纤维与金属离子的配位吸附原理及其制备方法;综述了国内外研究进展;对其在工业废水治理(包括吸附重金属离子、降解有机物催化作用)、痕量稀贵金属的富集与回收,以及对抗菌材料等方面应用研究的国内外现状作了简介。     

高效吸附分离功能纤维及其应用

本文主要介绍几类吸附功能纤维,包括活性碳纤维、离子交换纤维、螯合纤维和氧化还原功能纤维等的研究进展。这类新型的高效吸附分离材料具有很大的比表面积或丰富的表面官能团;显示出高的吸附容量、快的吸附或脱附速度和一定的吸附选择性;可制成束、纸、布、毡及无纺布等多种形式;某些吸附功能纤维还具有氧化还原能力。本文简要地介绍了近年来吸附分离功能纤维的制备、吸附特征研究的进展以及它们在饮用水净化、环境治理、资源回收、化学工业和医疗卫生等方面的应用     

聚氨酯泡沫吸附剂的制备及其在金属离子富集/分离方面的应用

聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)具有弹性多孔、泡孔结构可控、形状可调、制备工艺简单、稳定性高、吸附/脱附速率快、易于分离、易于实现在线分离富集和自动化操作等特点,非常适合用作吸附分离材料。近来PUF在富集/分离金属离子方面应用广泛,PUF本身就对金属离子具有一定的吸附能力,但吸附量较低、选择性较差。修饰后的PUF,如物理负载、化学改性和复合PUF,其吸附性能和选择性得到了较大的提高,可实现对水中不同金属离子的吸附分离。重点介绍了不同形式的PUF,包括空白、物理负载、化学改性和复合PUF的制备,及其作为吸附剂对水中金属离子的富集/分离方面的研究进展。     

亚胺基二乙酸螯合纤维的合成与性能研究

以氯甲基化聚丙烯接枝苯乙烯纤维(chloramethylated polypropylene grafted styrene,CPP-g-St)为原料,采用胺基化和羧甲基化两步法反应,制备一种具有选择吸附性的亚胺基二乙酸螯合纤维(iminodiacetic acid chelate fiber,IDACF),并利用正交实验法研究了时间、浴比、温度、氯乙酸的用量对羧甲基化反应的影响。所制备的亚胺基二乙酸螯合纤维对Cu2+的螯合吸附容量为65.54mg·g-1,纤维对Cu2+的吸附容量是对Fe3+的10.52倍。采用元素分析(EA)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重(TG)测试手段对纤维的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,经过两步反应后,亚氨基二乙酸基成功接枝到原料纤维表面,制备出的纤维具有良好的热稳定性。     

含苯磺酰基酰胺螯合纤维的制备及对Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附

以聚丙烯腈和苯磺酰胺为原料合成了一种含苯磺酰基酰胺的螯合纤维,讨论了反应时间、温度及反应物配比等因素对反应的影响,用红外光谱对产物的结构进行了确证。利用螯合纤维分离柱从水溶液中分离富集痕量的Pd(Ⅱ)离子,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪检测,回收率在95%以上;考察了螯合吸附剂的富集酸度,洗脱条件和吸附容量等吸附性能,结果表明,制备的螯合型吸附剂对Pd(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能良好。     

聚酰胺酰亚胺材料的合成与应用进展

介绍了近年来聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI)的合成与应用研究进展。新型芳香族PAI因其优异的耐热性能,在耐高温材料领域有独特的应用价值。PAI具有良好的纺丝性能,可作为一种新型的耐热纺织纤维。在气体或液体分离技术中,PAI膜也有突出的发展。用生物质资源制备的PAI可形成生物吸收性良好的药物载体,而脂肪族PAI水解为聚酰胺后对金属离子具有较高的螯合吸附能力。     

亚胺基二乙酸型螯合树脂应用研究进展与展望

亚胺基二乙酸型(IDA)螯合树脂及其配合物因具有优异的吸附性能和物化性质,近年来成为研究的热点。介绍了IDA螯合树脂的常用制备方法,总结了树脂的螯合吸附机理、影响机制、吸附的模型及吸附动力学。重点综述了IDA螯合树脂在金属离子的提取富集、工业废水处理及饮用水净化除杂、分析化学检测方面的国内外应用研究进展,及其配合物在有机反应中作催化剂、对有机物分离和纯化、吸附气体中有害成分方面的应用。最后,对IDA螯合树脂的制备改进方向、未来研究应用领域进行了展望。     

用于除去浓缩果汁中微量重金属的螯合纤维的研制--(Ⅰ)PP无纺布紫外接枝丙烯酸的条件及性能

研究聚丙烯纤维无纺布紫外光照接枝丙烯酸以合成对重金属离子具有高选择性的螯合纤维、纤维接枝前后的结构和性能表征及影响接枝率和交换量的因素。结果显示,采用平面小功率组合紫外光源和高纯度氮气是获得高接枝率和高交换量纤维的关键因素,在优化条件下纤维的接枝率和交换量分别为10％-95％和1mmol／g-7mmol／g(干基)。     

静电纺丝技术在处理重金属离子方面的研究进展

纳米材料作为一种新兴的材料近年来越来越多地用于重金属离子的去除,而静电纺丝技术是制备纳米纤维最有效最直接的方法.静电纺丝纳米纤维具有纤维直径小、比表面积大、孔隙率高、吸附性能强等优点.主要介绍了静电纺丝纳米纤维膜近年来在处理重金属离子方面的一些研究进展,通过对纳米纤维进行官能团改性、加入无机物等方法制备复合纳米纤维膜已经成为近几年研究的热点.     

偕胺肟螯合材料合成与应用研究进展

偕胺肟的特殊结构使其可以交换吸附诸多重金属离子,且具有高选择性和大吸附量。综述了以纤维、树脂、硅胶以及生物材料为基体的偕胺肟螯合材料的研究进展,详细论述了其合成方法与路径及应用,对偕胺肟螯合材料的研究现状进行了评述,展望了偕胺肟螯合树脂的应用前景。     

Production new chelating fibers of polyacrilonitrile for removing metal ions

In this work, raw acrylic fibers (RAF) have been modified with ethanolamine to provide new chelating fibers and prepared polyacrylonitrile‐monoethanolamine (PAN‐MEA). PAN‐MEA fiber was prepared by conversion nitrile groups into hydroxyle groups using ethanolamine solution with different concentration under refluxing at different temperatures and different times. The fiber structure has been investigated by different experimental techniques of characterization such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the physical and mechanical properties has also been investigated in this study. The PAN‐MEA was examined as chelating material in a series of batch adsorption experiments for removal Cu (II), Pb (II) and Ni (II) ions. The ion adsorption of PAN‐MEA was determined with the atomic adsorption method. PAN‐MEA show adsorption metal ions more than usual fiber because of the modification.     

Ion adsorption studies of micro and nano acrylic fibers modified by ethanolamine

Micro and nano polyacrylonitrile fibers were modified to polyacrylonitrile‐monoethanolamine (PAN‐MEA) through reaction PAN with ethanolamine. The modified PAN fiber was prepared by conversion nitrile groups into hydroxyle groups using ethanolamine solution with different concentration under refluxing at 91°C. Modified raw acrylic fibers (RAF) with submicrometer diameters ranging from 120 to 300 nm were produced using electrospinning in N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF). The PAN‐MEA micro and nano fibers were examined as chelating material in a series of batch adsorption experiments for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Ni (II) ions. The fiber structure has been investigated by different experimental techniques of characterization such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the physical and mechanical properties has been investigated in this study. Nano fibers show adsorption metal ions more than the usual fiber because of high ratio of surface to mass.     

Preparation of chelating fibrous polymer by different diamines and study on their physical and chemical properties

The present work describes a new modification process for producing a chelating ion‐exchanger fibers with a distinct selectivity for toxic heavy metal ions. Acrylic fibers were reacted with different diamine compounds in similar conditions. Modified acrylic fibers were prepared by partial conversion of the nitrile groups into amino groups under two‐step processes. In the first step, the pure liquid diamine was mixed with the fibers and in the second step, water was gradually added to the reaction flask to reach a predetermined 3M concentration at refluxing temperature of 91 ^°C. The aminated acrylic fibers (AAFs) were used as an ion adsorbent in a series of batch adsorption experiments for removal of chromium(III) and lead (II) ions. Experimental results showed that modified acrylic fiber with tetra methylene diamine (TMD) has the highest Pb(II) ion adsorption capacity. Results also showed aminated acrylic with ethylene diamine (EDA) has the most Cr(III) ion adsorption ability. Solubility tests showed, amination treatments give rise to the intermolecular crosslinkage in all samples. The Freundlich and Langmuir models simulated the adsorption equilibrium data of Cr(III) ions on modified fibers and their constants were determined.     

偕胺肟基螯合树脂的研究进展

偕胺肟螯合树脂对重金属离子有高的选择性和较大的吸附量,可用于污水处理和回收利用废矿、废液中的重金属离子。本文介绍了偕胺肟螯合树脂的合成方法,阐述了偕胺肟基螯合树脂的物理化学性质及其表征手段,对偕胺肟螯合树脂作为吸附分离材料的研究现状进行了评述,展望了偕胺肟螯合树脂的应用前景。     

Adsorption characteristics of heavy metal ions onto a low cost biopolymeric sorbent from aqueous solutions

In this study, the adsorption conditions of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) metal ions onto sporopollenin have been studied. The different variables effecting the sorption capacity such as pH of the solution, adsorption time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature have been investigated. Adsorption isotherms correlated well with the Freundlich type adsorption isotherm and adsorption capacities were found to be 0.0195, 0.0411 and 0.0146 mmol g(-1) for Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) metal ions, respectively. Experimental data were also evaluated to find out kinetic characteristics of the adsorption process. Adsorption processes for three target heavy metal ions were found to follow pseudo-second order type adsorption kinetics. Intraparticle diffusion was found to take part in adsorption processes but it could not be accepted as the primary rate-determining step. The mean free energies of adsorption (E) were found to be between 8 and 16 kJ mol(-1) for the metal ions studied and therefore adsorption mechanism for the adsorbent was explained as an ion-exchange process. But it was observed that chelating effect is also playing an important role in the adsorption of metal ions onto sporopollenin. Thermodynamic parameters, DeltaH degrees , DeltaS degrees and DeltaG degrees were also calculated from graphical interpretation of the experimental data. Standard heats of adsorption (DeltaH degrees ) were found to be endothermic and DeltaS degrees values were calculated to be positive for the adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions onto the adsorbent. Negative DeltaG degrees values indicated that adsorption process for these three metal ions onto sporopollenin is spontaneous.     

PET纤维固载β-环糊精聚合物的合成与吸附性能研究

环糊精的疏水性空腔可以包络尺寸大小适宜的有机物分子,其外侧亲水性的羟基对高价金属离子具有螯合作用,因而具有一定的立体选择和识别性能。在各种吸附领域得到了广泛的应用。PET纤维具有机械强度好、化学性质稳定、比表面积大、来源丰富、种类齐全等的特点,纤维本身经过改性也可以作为良好的吸附材料。若能将其与环糊精独特的包合性能结合起来,在开发新型纺织材料和吸附分离材料方面,具有良好的研究和开发前景。本文将β-环糊精固栽到PET纤维上,考察了PET纤维固载β-环糊精聚合物的固载率、离子交换容量和对碱性品红的吸附,为环糊精化学在水处理领域中的实际应用提供参考。     

Design of novel polymeric adsorbents for metal ion removal from water using computer-aided molecular design

Heavy metals in drinking water act as contaminants that can cause serious health problems. These metal ions in drinking water are generally removed using cation exchange resins that are used as adsorbents. Generally, chelating resins with limited adsorption capacity are commercially available. Manufacturing novel resin polymers with enhanced adsorption capacity of metal ion requires ample experimental efforts that are expensive as well as time consuming. To overcome these difficulties, application of computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) will be an efficient way to develop novel chelating resin polymers. In this paper, CAMD based on group contribution method (GCM) has been used to design novel resins with enhanced adsorption capability of removing heavy metal ions from water. A polymer consists of multiple monomer units that repeat in a polymer chain. Each repeat unit of the polymer can be subdivided into different structural and functional groups. The adsorption mechanism of heavy metals on resin depends on the difference between activities in adsorbents and the bulk fluid phase. The contribution of the functional groups in the adsorption process is found by estimating the activity coefficient of heavy metal in the solid phase and bulk phase using a modified version of the UNIFAC GCM. The interaction parameters of the functional groups are first determined and then they are used in a combinatorial optimization method for CAMD of novel resin polymers. In this work, designs of novel resin polymers for the removal of Cu ions from drinking water are used as a case study. The proposed new polymer resin has an order of magnitude higher adsorption capacity compared to conventional resin used for the same purpose.     

胺型螯合纤维对Au^3^＋的吸附行为

研究了含胺基的螯合纤维对三价金离子的吸附为，结果表明，含二乙胺基和二乙醇胺基的螯合纤维对金离子的吸附量较大，而且吸附快，对金的选择性好，还能将所吸附的金离了还原成单质金。     

Designed pendant chain covalently bonded to silica gel for cation removal

The precursor 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine organofunctionalized silica gel reacted with methylacrylate to yield a new inorganic-organic chelating material, by adopting a heterogeneous and divergent synthetic approach. The synthesized materials were characterized through elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, nuclear magnetic nuclei of carbon-13 and silicon-29. Due to the increment of basic centers attached to the pendant chains the metal adsorption capability of the final chelating material, was found to be higher than its precursor. The adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solution followed the order Cu(2+)>Ni(2+)>Co(2+). Both Langmuir and Freundlich models were found to be applicable for the adsorption of copper, with the equilibrium parameter value within zero to one. The competitive sorption behavior, with variation of pH, was favorable for the separation of copper from binary mixtures with nickel and cobalt. When sodium, potassium and magnesium cations are present in the medium little effects on adsorption were observed, thus suggesting that the synthesized material can be useful for removal of toxic/heavy metal ions from natural and wastewater systems.