两种计算旋转中子星性质方法的比较(英文)

对两种基于广义相对论的计算旋转中子星性质的数值方法:Hartle法和Butterworth 和Ipser法(简记为BI法)进行了较详细的介绍、讨论和比较。对基于不同物态方程给出的旋转中子星的性质进行对比,结果表明两种方法给出的相关结果例如旋转中子星的质量、半径和形变等基本一致,特别是在观测值范围内的计算等均能较好地解释观测结果.     

电荷比较法测量液体闪烁体n,γ分辨性能

描述了一种采用CAMAC一微机系统采集数据,电荷比较法测量液体闪烁体的中子、γ射线分辨性能的新方法,同时测量了液体闪烁体NE213或BC519样品在²⁴¹Am–Be或²⁵²C_f中子源照射下的脉冲总电荷及多路不同时间段的部分电荷,对数据的离线分析给出闪烁体n,γ分辨与延迟时间及能量分布的关系,并可利用n,γ鉴别方法测量中子或γ射线的能量分布及闪烁体快或慢脉冲形状.     

Investigation of Plastically Deformed TRIP-Composites by Neutron Diffraction and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Methods

The main parameters of the microstructure of TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) composites with an austenitic matrix and a ZrO₂ zirconium-dioxide reinforcing phase subjected to plastic deformation of different degrees (compressive uniaxial load) are studied by neutron diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering. A series of composite material samples with different contents of the ZrO₂ ceramic phase (0, 10, 20, 30, and 100 wt %) are prepared by the powder metallurgy method using hot pressing. In the region of plastic deformation at load values above 650 MPa, two phases are observed in the austenitic matrix: cubic α'-martensite and hexagonal ε-martensite. Data on the lattice strains of the observed phases, dislocation density in the austenitic matrix, and characteristic sizes of the martensitic-phase particles are obtained.     

Temperature dependence of transport properties in ZnS-based magnetic tunnel junctions

We have recently evidenced a junction magnetoresistance (JMR) signal of about 5% in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with ZnS as tunnel barrier layer. The MTJ were grown by magnetron sputtering on Si (1 1 1) substrate at room temperature and have the following structure: Fe_6 nmCu_30 nmCoFe_1.8 nmRu_0.8 nmCoFe_3 nmZnS_2 nmCoFe_1 nmFe_4 nmCu_10 nmRu_3 nm.

The hard magnetic bottom electrode consists of an artificial antiferromagnetic structure in which the rigidity is ensured by the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between two FeCo layers through an Ru spacer layer. The magneto-transport for these MTJ has been studied at various temperatures to gain understanding of the transport mechanism in such junctions. A strong and linear increase of the JMR is observed as the temperature is decreased to reach 10% at a low temperature, while the conductance decreases with decreasing temperature. To understand the mechanism at the origin of these behaviors, the contribution of magnon is taken into account. It is concluded that the observed behaviors are not only related to the magnon contribution but that resonant low-level states inside the barrier can assist the tuneling transport.     

Dosimetry Methods of Fast Neutron Using the Semiconductor Diodes

Semiconductor detectors based on a silicon pin diode are frequently used in the detection of different nuclear radiations. For the detection and dosimetry of fast neutrons, these silicon detectors are coupled with a fast neutron converter. Incident neutrons interact with the converter and produce charged particles that can deposit their energy in the detectors and produce a signal. In this study, three methods are introduced for fast neutron dosimetry by using the silicon detectors, which are： recoil proton spectroscopy, similarity of detector response function with conversion function, and a discriminator layer. Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the response of dosimetry systems based on these methods. In the different doses of an 241Am-Be neutron source, dosimetry responses are evaluated. The error values of measured data for dosimetry by these methods are in the range of 15-25%. We find fairly good agreement in the 241Am-Be neutron sources.     

Comparison of Digital Imaging Systems for Neutron Radiography

The characteristics of three digital imaging systems for neutron radiography purposes have been compared. Two of them make use of films, CR-39 and Kodak AA, and the third makes use of a LiF scintillator, for image registration. The irradiations were performed in the neutron radiography facility installed at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor of IPEN-CNEN/SP. According to the obtained results, the system based on CR-39 is the slowest to obtain an image, and the best in terms of resolution but the worse in terms of contrast. The system based on Kodak AA is faster than the prior, exhibits good resolution and contrast. The system based on the scintillator is the fastest to obtain an image, and best in terms of contrast but the worse in terms of resolution.     

Measurement of De-Excitation Time of Scintillators in Nanosecond Region

The paper describes a method of de-excitation times measurement of scintillators by a cathode-ray oscillograph. By approximation of the filter network of the oscillograph amplifier with one or more integrating constants, the corresponding equations have been obtained. Showing them graphically, there is a possibility for a fast determination of the de-excitation time of the examined substances. Moreover, there is a possibility for the measurement of ampitude yield of the slow de-excitation component with regard to the fast one by a direct analysis of the recorded oscillogram.     

解题比较

牛顿运动定律是解经典力学题目的主要手段.能量守恒定律则是自然界普遍适用的定律.经典力学中只要涉及到与能量或做功有关的问题,同样也可用能量守恒定律来解.下面举一具体的例子进行比较、说明. 如图所示,质量m=4×103kg的汽车以v1=10m/s的速度开上倾角θ=30°的斜坡,已知坡长s=     

A Comparison Between Broad Histogram and Multicanonical Methods

We discuss the conceptual differences between the broad histogram (BHM) and reweighting methods in general, and particularly the so-called multicanonical (MUCA) approaches. The main difference is that BHM is based on microcanonical, fixed-energy averages which depend only on the good statistics taken inside each energy level. The detailed distribution of visits among different energy levels, determined by the particular dynamic rule one adopts, is irrelevant. Contrary to MUCA, where the results are extracted from the dynamic rule itself, within BHM any microcanonical dynamics could be adopted. As a numerical test, we have used both BHM and MUCA in order to obtain the spectral energy degeneracy of the Ising model in 4×4×4 and 32×32 lattices, for which exact results are known. We discuss why BHM gives more accurate results than MUCA, even using the same Markovian sequence of states. In addition, such an advantage increases for larger systems.     

Comparison of Properties of the Simplest Neutron Stars in Three RMF Models

We study some properties of the simplest neutron stars （NSs） in the Glendenning Moszkowski （GM） model, the hybrid derivative coupling （HD） model and the Zimanyi Moszkowski （ZM） model in the framework of relativistic mean field （RMF） theory with and without the interaction by exchanging the ~-meson. We show that the maximal mass of the NSs becomes smaller, but the redshift becomes larger from the GM model to the HD model, then to the ZM model. The interaction with the 6-meson exchange enlarges the maximal mass of neutron stars, increases the relative population of charged particles （proton, electron and muon） and descends the relative population of neutron.     

AMS测量中同量异位素的鉴别方法

在加速器质谱测量中,存在同位素和同量异位素的干扰.排除同位素的干扰是开展超微量核素分析的重要课题之一.主要介绍了加速器质谱测量中同量异位素的几种鉴别、排除方法,以及这些方法的原理、发展及应用. There are interference of isotopes and isobars in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements. Eliminating the isobaric interference is the important aspect in AMS measurements. Several methods of isobaric identification in AMS measurements are discussed in this paper. Principles, developments and applications of these methods are also introduced.     

Multitaper Techniques and Filter Diagonalization Methods—A Comparison

In the present contribution we compare the new Multitaper Filtering technique with the very popular Filter Diagonalization Method. The substitution of a time-independent problem, like the standard Schrödinger equation, by a time-dependent one from the Filter Diagonalization Method allows the employment of and comparison with standard signal processing filtration machinery. The use of zero-order prolate spheroidal tapers as filtering functions is here extended and exactly formulated using techniques originating from general investigations of prolate spheroidal wave functions. We investigate the modifications presented with respect to accuracy and general effectiveness. The approach may be useful in various branches of physics and engineering sciences including signal processing applications as well as possibly also in general time-dependent processes.     

不同介质中超声波传播速度测量方法之比较

基于共振干涉法、相位法和反射回波法测量了空气和水中超声波的传播速度,比较了三种方法的优缺点,共振干涉法和相位法可测量气体和液体中的声速,反射回波法可测量液体和固体中的声速;相位法误差最小,共振干涉法误差相对较大。共振干涉法研究了示波器接收的交变电压随传播距离的变化规律,计算得空气和水中超声波的损耗系数分别为0.01381、0.01829,超声波在水中的损耗较大。使用Origin软件直线拟合,对实验结果进行分析和评价。     

中子散射对快中子照相质量影响的分析

通过一内空的圆柱体模型，对在快中子照相时由样品引起的散射中子强度与样品形状和探测距离之间的关系进行模拟，并用^241Am—Be作中子源对散射中子的影响进行实验验证。结果表明，在快中子照相时，由样品引起的散射中子的强度与探测距离以及样品形状有关。对于同一样品，探测距离增加，散射中子的影响则降低。The relationships between intensities of scattered neutrons by specimens and their shapes and detecting distances have been simulated using a hollow cylinder model, and the results were validated by experiments of fast neutron imaging using ^241Am-Be neutron source. The results showed that the intensities of scattered neutrons are closely related to the detecting distances and sample＇ s shapes. The influences of scattered neutronns in fast neutron imaging will be reduced while detecting distances increased.     

束流实验中不同尺寸塑料闪烁体的时间特性

北京谱仪(BESⅢ)中的飞行时间探测器将采用长2.3m宽6cm的长条形塑料闪烁体. 利用北京高能物理研究所的实验束流对铝膜包装的不同厚度闪烁体的本征时间分辨进行了研究,给出了4cm, 5cm和6cm闪烁体的时间分辨, 而且用蒙特卡罗模拟做了比较, 结果表明5cm厚的闪烁体具有最佳性能.     

用同步辐射光源研究掺铈对闪烁体发光性质的影响

描述了北京同步辐射装置上，利用同步辐射作为激光光源，观测微量元素铈对闪烁体ＧＳＯ、ＰｂＦ２和ＢａＦ２发光性质的影响。     

Experimental Control of Spin Diffusion in Liquid State NMR: A Comparison of Methods

In this paper, we use the formalism of the first directional derivative of the matrix exponential, to analyze and compare several experimental schemes designed to measure cross-relaxation rate constants between two spins, without having to calculate the effects due to spin diffusion.     

A Comparison of Different Methods of Separation of Continuous Overlapping Spectral Lines

Several methods of separation of continuous overlapping spectral lines are compared. In the majority of methods, the profile of each line is modeled by a Gaussian or Lorentzian, and total measured spectrum z is processed. Number of lines N and their parameters are usually estimated by the method of derivatives; however, the differentiation of noisy spectrum z causes large errors. To improve the differentiation accuracy, it is proposed to use smoothing splines. In the Fourier-self-deconvolution method, apodization (artificial truncation of the interferogram) is used to resolve overlapping lines, which makes it possible to resolve lines, but at the expense of a significant decrease in their widths. In this work, reducing the widths of lines is not used for their resolution, but rather, true line profiles are reconstructed by minimizing the residual functional with the modified coordinate-descent method using the decremental-constraint technique, and also, for comparison, with the Nelder–Mead simplex method. In the Manoilov method, the parameters of lines (peaks) are determined from convolutions of spectrum derivatives with individual peaks. In that method, the notion of the degree of overlap has been also introduced. In this work, we introduce a generalized degree of overlap for the case in which the amplitudes, widths, and spacings between neighboring lines are different. Numerical illustrations are presented.