3种添加剂对油炸薯片丙烯酰胺产生和质构的影响

在前期研究基础上,探讨了3种添加剂NaHSO3、CaCl2和半胱氨酸浸泡土豆片对油炸薯片中丙烯酰胺形成的抑制作用,同时采用白度仪和质构仪测定了油炸薯片的白度和脆度,发现半胱氨酸和CaCl2能有效地抑制丙烯酰胺形成且对薯片色泽和脆度影响较小,是两种具有应用前景的丙烯酰胺抑制剂。     

几种添加剂对热加工食品中丙烯酰胺产生的影响

以天冬酰胺、葡萄糖在高温下反应建立丙烯酰胺产生的模拟体系,探讨Vc、阿魏酸、TBHQ、NaHSO3和CaCl2对丙烯酰胺产生的抑制作用。结果表明,CaCl2效果最佳,添加量为2.1%时,抑制率达93.4%;其次为NaHSO3,添加量为2.1%时,抑制率为80%。     

减控油炸麻花中丙烯酰胺生成方法

国内外研究表明含淀粉的食物经高温油炸、烘烤会形成丙烯酰胺,国际癌症研究机构认为其具有潜在致 癌性和神经毒性。本研究系统地探究了加工工艺条件、不同食品配料对油炸麻花中丙烯酰胺生成的影响以及减控 方法。结果表明：应尽量降低油炸温度和缩短油炸时间,油炸最佳温度和时间分别为160 ℃和180 s;花生油、玉米 油、大豆油在油炸过程中丙烯酰胺的生成量均低于棕榈油;配方中添加VC、阿魏酸均对丙烯酰胺的生成有较好的 抑制作用,而添加叔丁基对苯二酚时丙烯酰胺的生成量略有增加;非还原糖的抑制效果由大到小分别是β-环糊精、 甘露醇、山梨醇、赤藓糖醇,β-葡聚糖对其作用不明显,蔗糖具有促进作用;半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、甘氨酸 对丙烯酰胺均有较好的抑制作用,当添加量小于0.2%时,甘氨酸的抑制作用最好,当添加量为0.3%～0.5%时,谷 氨酸抑制效果优于其他3 种氨基酸,当添加量为0.5%时,4 种氨基酸对油炸麻花中丙烯酰胺的生成抑制效果最佳。     

半胱氨酸消减丙烯酰胺的机理及消减工艺在薯条中的应用

L-半胱氨酸在模拟体系中可显著降低丙烯酰胺的含量,并形成新物质。本研究旨在制备出高纯度的半胱氨酸-丙烯酰胺加合物,阐明半胱氨酸消减丙烯酰胺的机理,并探索该消减工艺在薯片加工中的应用。首先通过优化反应条件,制备目标加合物,使用反相柱层析法分离纯化出高纯度加合物,综合运用质谱、核磁共振和紫外光谱等现代波谱分析技术解析加合物结构,阐析半胱氨酸消减丙烯酰胺的机理;以Caco-2细胞体外实验评估加合物的细胞毒性,通过UPLC-MS检测不同浓度半胱氨酸溶液预处对薯片中丙烯酰胺的消减作用。结果表明:半胱氨酸与丙烯酰胺的物料比为1:3,120 ℃反应3 h,可获得目标加合物最大生成量;色谱分离可得到纯度达95%的加合物,其紫外最大吸收波长为196 nm,相对分子量为192.0641,分子式为C₆H₉NO₃S,是由半胱氨酸的巯基与丙烯酰胺的烯基通过迈克尔加成反应形成;加合物培养Caco-2细胞24和48 h后,其细胞毒性明显低于丙烯酰胺;在油炸前浸泡薯片的半胱氨酸溶液浓度为3和5 g/L时,薯片中丙烯酰胺的消减率均高于83%,并检测出一定量的加合物。可见,半胱氨酸可通过与丙烯酰胺形成加合物显著降低油炸薯片中的丙烯酰胺含量。     

不同预加工方式对马铃薯片中丙烯酰胺的影响

研究不同预加工方式对油炸马铃薯片中丙烯酰胺生成的影响,进而探讨一种可有效抑制马铃薯片中丙烯酰胺含量的方法。将马铃薯片在不同温度（120℃ ～200℃）及不同时间（0 ～30 min）下进行油炸处理,通过品质指标及丙烯酰胺含量的变化趋势确定最佳油炸时间及温度,利用高效液相色谱法测定经热烫和添加剂浸泡后马铃薯片中丙烯酰胺的含量,并计算丙烯酰胺抑制率。在未进行预处理条件下,随着油炸时间及油炸温度的增大,质量损失率、色差呈整体上升趋势,水分活度、水分含量及还原糖含量呈整体下降的趋势,丙烯酰胺含量呈先上升后下降的趋势;在油炸前进行不同预处理对马铃薯片中的丙烯酰胺具有显著抑制作用,90℃热烫处理协同5 g/L半胱氨酸溶液浸泡处理10 min对马铃薯片中丙烯酰胺的抑制率达到了100%。因此,热烫协同半胱氨酸溶液浸泡处理是一种可有效抑制马铃薯片中丙烯酰胺含量的方法。     

几种抑制剂对小麦多酚氧化酶活性抑制效果研究

使用3-吗啉丙磺酸(MOPS)缓冲液从全麦粉中提取多酚氧化酶(PPO),以邻苯二酚为底物,研究不同抑制剂在不同浓度下对PPO的抑制作用。结果表明抑制剂浓度为1.0 mmol/L时,各种抑制剂的作用效果分别为:L-抗环血酸90.6%,L-半胱氨酸86.5%,NaHSO3 84%,曲酸75.5%。L-抗环血酸、L-半胱氨酸、NaHSO3、曲酸几种抑制剂浓度减小抑制作用降低。响应面分析得到的L-抗坏血酸、L-半胱氨酸和NaH-SO3最佳抑制浓度组合为:L-抗坏血酸0.4 mmol/L,L-半胱氨酸0.11 mmol/L,NaHSO3 0.25 mmol/L,抑制作用为82.03%。     

预处理对云南脆皮薯条中丙烯酰胺形成的抑制效果研究

目的探究预处理对云南脆皮薯条中丙烯酰胺形成的抑制效果。方法通过选取油炸温度、油炸时间和淀粉水溶液浓度的3个梯度设计单因素实验,对其品质变化进行测定以及感官综合评分法评定,建立云南脆皮薯条的最佳加工工艺。为有效控制丙烯酰胺,在热加工前,将马铃薯分别进行热烫(85℃下热烫10 min)、半胱氨酸浸泡(常温下于3 g/L的半胱氨酸溶液中浸泡10 min)、热烫+半胱氨酸浸泡(在85℃下浸泡于3g/L半胱氨酸溶液中10min)预处理,以未处理为对照组。热加工后,分别对云南脆皮薯条样品的风味品质指标:水分含量、水分活度、质量、颜色、还原糖含量、天冬酰胺、半胱氨酸等进行测定,分析不同预处理方式对云南脆皮薯条风味品质的影响,并对丙烯酰胺含量进行测定,比较3种预处理方式对云南脆皮薯条中丙烯酰胺的抑制情况。结果用热烫+半胱氨酸浸泡的预处理方式处理马铃薯后制作云南脆皮薯条,水分含量、颜色、还原糖、天冬酰胺与未处理组相比没有统计学差异(P0.05);半胱氨酸含量与其他预处理组对比显著增加;丙烯酰胺含量与单独热烫、未处理组相比明显减少(P0.05)。结论运用半胱氨酸溶液浸泡并联热烫预处理云南脆皮薯条能有效降低食物中的丙烯酰胺同时保留食物风味品质。     

加工条件对油条中丙烯酰胺含量的影响

油条在油炸温度160～200℃、油炸时间3～5min时,油条可取得最佳感官特征,同时也是丙烯酰胺产生最多的时段。以菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、玉米油作油炸用油,硫酸铝钾作膨松剂,油条中丙烯酰胺的最高含量不超过150μg/kg;而用棕榈油时,丙烯酰胺的最高含量约为250μg/kg。用0.3%的酵母粉作发酵剂,用棕榈油、花生油炸制的油条中丙烯酰胺最高含量分别达到1589.41和953.60μg/kg,是用硫酸铝钾作膨松剂的油条中丙烯酰胺含量的6.29倍和8.13倍。用泡打粉作膨松剂制得的油条,丙烯酰胺含量明显下降,平均约为50μg/kg。以果葡糖浆作甜味剂的油条中丙烯酰胺含量较蔗糖作甜味剂的油条平均增加约10%。因此,油炸温度160～200℃、油炸时间3～5min,以棕榈油作油炸用油,酵母作发酵剂,果葡糖浆作甜味剂可大大增加油炸面制品中丙烯酰胺含量。     

油炸紫心甘薯片加工工艺的研究

通过单因素、正交及均匀试验设计方法,探讨了护色、硬化、调味、油炸等主要加工工序对油炸红薯片品质的影响.结果表明:使用0.6%柠檬酸、0.3%的VC护色,0.4%的CaCl2 硬化20min,8%的蔗糖溶液浸泡15min,180℃油炸20s为产品的最佳工艺条件.     

影响无花果果脯品质的因素

本文主要研究了以无花果为原料生产果脯的制作工艺,同时对影响无花果脯品质的因素进行了探讨。通过研究发现,多次煮制结合浸渍极显著地保留了营养物质免遭损失,并改善了产品的感观性状;在加工中结合0.5% NaHSO3和0.6% CaCl2处理后,产品色泽橙红而不软烂,口感适中。     

紫色马铃薯薯条生产工艺的研究

以紫色马铃薯为原料,对丙烯酰胺含量低,色素保留较好的紫色马铃薯薯条生产工艺进行研究,得到最佳工艺为烫漂处理+微波真空冷冻。烫漂处理中最优护色剂组合为L-半胱氨酸浓度0.08%、柠檬酸浓度0.1%、氯化钙浓度125×10-6g/mL,浸泡时间10min;最佳烫漂温度70℃;烫漂时间5min。该工艺成品中未检出丙烯酰胺,色泽(E值)可降低到92.8739±5.3234。     

Reducing Acrylamide in Fried Snack Products by Adding Amino Acids

ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to develop commercial methods for reducing the acrylamide content in processed foods and apply them to commercial snacks. The formation of acrylamide in fried foods was found to depend on the composition of raw materials as well as the frying time and temperature. In potato chips, acrylamide was rapidly formed at over 160°C, with the amount proportional to the heating duration and temperature. Free amino acids were used to reduce acrylamide, with lysine, glycine, and cysteine having the greatest effects in the aqueous system. Lysine and glycine were effective at inhibiting the formation of acrylamide in wheat-flour snacks. In potato snacks, the addition of 0.5% glycine to pallets reduced acrylamide by more than 70%. Soaking potato slices in a 3% solution of either lysine or glycine reduced the formation of acrylamide by more than 80% in potato chips fried for 1.5 min at 185°C. These results indicate that the addition of certain amino acids by soaking the uncooked products in appropriate solutions is an effective way of reducing acrylamide in processed foods.     

Reduction of acrylamide formation by selected agents in fried potato crisps on industrial scale

Great interest and rapid research efforts on acrylamide in foods followed an announcement in April 2002 by the Swedish National Food Authority and the University of Stockholm. Reduction of acrylamide in high-temperature processing foods, including selection of the raw material and variation of processing parameters, etc. were extensive reported. In this research, effect of some agents on acrylamide formation was investigated. A glucose-asparagines reaction model system was used to test the effect of ferulic acid, catechin, CaCl₂, NaHSO₃, and l-cysteine on inhibition of acrylamide formation and three efficient inhibitors, NaHSO₃, CaCl₂ and l-cysteine were screened. The results showed that immersing of the fresh potato chips using different concentration of the agents greatly inhibited acrylamide formation in fried potato crisps, and the efficiency increased as their concentrations increased; among them, l-cysteine is the most efficient agent but CaCl₂ is most potential. Effects of these food additives on the texture of fried potato crisps were also studied. It was found that l-cysteine showed little effect on the texture of the crisps and CaCl₂ is regarded as the suitable choice because of its low price and the acceptable mouth feel of fried crisps treated by CaCl₂, although it increased the brittleness. Moreover, the application of CaCl₂ in industrial production of fried potato crisps was also studied. In the blanching process (deactivation process of enzymes at 85 °C), a computerized electrical conductivity detector was used to keep the concentration of CaCl₂ at constant and the result showed that immersion of potato slices in CaCl₂ solution at 5 g/L reduced acrylamide formation by more than 85% in fried crisps.Industrial relevanceThis research presents a technology to inhibit acrylamide formation in fried potato chips by immersion of fresh potato chips with some food additives. The approach suggested that cysteine and calcium chloride significantly decreased the content of acrylamide in fried potato chips and their concentrations could be kept constant by using a conductor as a detector.     

加工过程中添加剂对苹果汁非酶褐变的影响

加工过程中添加剂对苹果汁非酶褐变的影响很大。金帅苹果在破碎时加入EDTA－Na2、柠檬酸和CaCl2可减轻非酶褐变程度，最优化组合为0．03mol/L CaCl2 0.003mol/L EDTA-Na2 0.005mol/L柠檬酸（A420值为0．100）；而对于富士苹果其最优化组合为0．06mol/L CaCl2 0.006mol/L EDTA-Na2 0.005mol/L柠檬酸（A420值为0．075）；在富士苹果破碎时加入NaHSO3、Cys和VC亦可减轻非酶褐变程度，其最优化组合为0．001mol/LNaHSO3 380mg/mlCys 0.006mol/L VC(A420值为0．231）。     

Reduction of acrylamide formation by vanadium salt in potato French fries and chips

The effects of vanadyl sulphate on the formation of acrylamide have been studied in fried potato products, such as French fries and chips. Acrylamide formation was inhibited by 30.3%, 53.3% and 89.3% when the sliced potato strips were soaked in 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 M vanadyl sulphate (VOSO₄) solutions, respectively, for 60 min before frying. Moreover, 57.7%, 71.4% and 92.5% inhibition of acrylamide formation was observed when chips were soaked in the respective vanadyl sulphate solution before frying. In a separate model reaction, a solution containing an equimolar concentration of l-asparagine and d-glucose showed a significant inhibition of acrylamide formation when heated at 150 °C for 30 min in the presence of vanadyl sulphate (VOSO₄). The results indicate that the binding of VO²⁺ to asparagine and the decrease in the pH of the potato samples resulted in a significant reduction of acrylamide formation in fried potato products.     

荸荠皮提取物对土豆脆片焙烤中丙烯酰胺抑制效果的影响

丙烯酰胺是高温油炸或焙烤食品加工时产生的潜在致癌物,对食品安全存在威胁。为从荸荠皮的提取分离物中筛选适用于土豆脆片焙烤加工的丙烯酰胺抑制剂,本文研究了荸荠皮70%丙酮总提取物及其不同极性萃取物对土豆脆片焙烤加工中丙烯酰胺抑制效果的影响,并进一步探讨正丁醇萃取物过大孔树脂分离纯化后的不同浓度乙醇洗脱液对土豆脆片中丙烯酰胺抑制效果的影响。结果表明,荸荠皮提取物对土豆脆片加工中丙烯酰胺的形成均有抑制作用。在荸荠皮70%丙酮总提取物及其不同极性萃取物中,正丁醇萃取物的抑制效果最好,在其最佳抑制浓度1.0×10-3 mg/mL时,抑制率达到17.14%。正丁醇萃取物过大孔树脂进一步分离后,其25%乙醇洗脱液对丙烯酰胺的抑制效果最好,在最佳抑制浓度1.0×10-5 mg/mL时,抑制率达到24.69%,比未分离前提高了44.05%,为从荸荠皮中提取分离高效的丙烯酰胺抑制成分指明了方向。