乙型肝炎病毒前-X蛋白在大肠埃希菌中的表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的在大肠埃希菌中表达乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前-X蛋白,纯化、鉴定并制备多克隆抗体。方法通过PCR技术获得HBV前-X编码基因片段,克隆至载体pET32a( ),构建原核表达重组质粒,转化至大肠埃希菌中诱导表达,表达产物进行Ni 亲和层析纯化,经Western blotting证实该蛋白的免疫原性,然后免疫新西兰兔获得多克隆抗体并经ELISA实验测定效价,经Western blotting证实其免疫反应特异性。结果成功构建原核表达载体并在大肠埃希菌中高效表达,表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在,融合蛋白的相对分子量约为25kD,Western blotting结果表明目的蛋白具有特异性的免疫反应识别。成功获得前-X蛋白的多克隆抗体,ELISA检测抗体效价为>1:128000,Western blotting实验证实获得的抗体能发生特异性免疫反应。结论成功完成了HBV前-X蛋白的体外表达及多克隆抗体制备,为检测前-X蛋白在乙型肝炎患者体内的表达及进一步研究其生物学特性奠定了实验基础。     

人斯钙素1在大肠杆菌中的重组表达与活性鉴定

目的：通过原核表达的方法得到有活性的斯钙素1（ STC1）重组蛋白。方法将优化合成的STC1 DNA片段克隆到表达载体pET-32 b（＋）上,重组质粒转入大肠杆菌诱导表达,在变性条件下纯化包涵体,经透析复性得到可溶的斯钙素1融合蛋白,凝血酶酶切后用高亲和镍离子树脂吸附多余多肽获得目的蛋白。 Western印迹分析验证目的蛋白免疫活性。动物实验检测目的蛋白的生物学活性。结果构建了pET-32b（＋）-STC1表达载体,表达并纯化了STC1融合蛋白包涵体,经复性、凝血酶切和纯化后获得可溶的目的蛋白。 Western印迹分析验证正确。生物学活性检测表明重组STC1能增加大鼠排泄系统对磷酸盐的重吸收。结论获得了具有生物学活性的斯钙素1重组蛋白,为制备STC1单克隆抗体和进一步研究STC1与肿瘤治疗的关系奠定了基础。     

人细胞外基质磷酸糖蛋白MEPE的表达纯化及抗体制备

目的 原核表达、纯化人细胞外基质磷酸糖蛋白(Mepe)基因,并制备多克隆抗体.方法 设计出扩增人Mepe全长基因的特异引物,通过PCR扩增出该基因片段,测序正确后插入到含GST基因的原核表达载体pGEX-KG中,以IPTG诱导表达,并经谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠纯化融合蛋白;用纯化的蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,用ELISA测定抗体的效价,Western印迹鉴定抗体的特异性.结果 原核表达了人Mepe全长基因,纯化了MEPE蛋白,并获得了抗MEPE的多克隆抗体,抗体效价达到1∶25 600,Western印迹结果显示,该抗血清能够特异识别原核及真核细胞表达的MEPE蛋白.结论 MEPE蛋白能够诱导小鼠产生具有较高效价和特异性的多克隆抗体,为进一步研究MEPE的功能奠定了基础.     

小鼠固醇载体蛋白2原核表达载体的构建与表达纯化

目的 构建小鼠固醇载体蛋白2(SCP-2)融合蛋白表达载体,并在原核细胞内表达及纯化获得具有活性的融合蛋白,为进一步研究SCP-2的生物学功能提供基础.方法 提取BALB/c小鼠肝脏组织总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增得到鼠SCP-2编码序列,然后将该编码序列克隆到带有His标记的载体pET14b上,重组质粒经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定正确后转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),用异丙基β-D硫代半乳糖(IPTG)诱导融合蛋白表达,用镍离子亲和层析的方法纯化融合蛋白并进行复性,然后切取分子量正确的条带用SDS-PAGE及质谱技术进行鉴定.结果 重组质粒经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定证明载体构建正确.融合蛋白表达纯化后获得了分子量约59kD的融合蛋白,符合预期大小,并经质谱分析证明该融合蛋白的表达正确.结论 成功构建了带His标签的SCP-2原核表达载体,并成功表达及纯化出该融合蛋白,为深入研究SCP-2的相关生物学功能提供了一个重要的工具.     

PTD-NGF融合蛋白的制备、活性分析及其跨膜功能研究

目的:构建PTD-NGF融合基因,检测表达的重组蛋白生物学活性和跨膜转运功能.方法:提取小鼠大脑组织RNA逆转录后,钓取β-NGF基因.PCR技术构建PTD-NGF融合基因,插入表达质粒pBV220后,转化大肠杆菌DH5α进行表达与纯化.稀释法复性后,SDS-PAGE及Western印迹鉴定表达重组蛋白.PC12细胞分化培养检测融合蛋白的生物学活性.重组蛋白与HepG2细胞共孵育,免疫组化检测其跨膜功能.结果:PTD-NGF融合基因测序正确,表达产物与目的蛋白大小相符,能与NGF抗体发生结合反应.纯化后蛋白纯度可约达90%以上,重组蛋白经复性可诱导PC12细胞出现明显分化,并能跨膜进入HepG2细胞内部.结论:成功构建了融合基因,表达的重组蛋白具有显著的生物学活性及跨膜转运功能.     

丙型肝炎病毒F蛋白反式激活基因2的表达纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的构建丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)F蛋白反式激活基因2(FTP2)的原核表达载体并诱导其表达,制备多克隆抗体并探讨其在临床病理组织中表达的意义。方法通过PCR获得HCVFTP2基因,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET32a( )上,构建重组表达载体,在大肠埃希菌BL21中诱导表达。表达产物经SDS-PAGE及Western blotting验证后进行大量表达并纯化。将纯化的重组蛋白免疫家兔获得多克隆抗体,并将此抗体作为诊断试剂观察其在正常肝组织和临床病理组织中的表达情况。结果以pET32a( )-FTP2表达载体转化BL21菌后,经IPTG诱导,成功获得大量重组蛋白,分子量约为25kD。将此重组蛋白免疫新西兰兔获得多克隆抗体,经抗体间接ELISA检测证明,多克隆抗体效价>1:128000,免疫组化显示多克隆抗体能够与丙型肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌等临床病理组织产生FTP2抗原反应。结论成功表达了HCV的FTP2蛋白并制备了其多克隆抗体,证实FTP2与丙型肝炎、肝硬化的发病机制密切相关。     

人β干扰素基因的改构及其融合表达和纯化

目的 :通过基因改构来提高人 β干扰素基因原核表达产物的稳定性和比活性。 方法 :用RT_PCR法从人外周血淋巴细胞中获得人 β干扰素基因。定点突变后 ,克隆至表达载体pGEX_2T。IPTG诱导该基因的表达 ,亲和层析和原位裂解法纯化表达产物。结果 :获得大量纯化产物 ,且稳定性和活性获得极大提高。结论 :基因改构可以提高人 β干扰素基因原核表达产物的稳定性和活性     

血管生成素基因在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及活性研究

目的：利用原核表达系统获得重组血管生成素(Ang)并研究其生物学活性。方法：构建高效融合表达载体pGEx4T—Ang，诱导表达后利用亲和层析的方法纯化目的蛋白，经切割后获得非融合的重组人Ang，利用Westem印迹检测表达产物的特异性，通过鸡胚尿囊膜血管增生实验检测重组蛋白的生物学功能。结果：表达的目的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的20％，亲和层析纯化蛋白的纯度在90％，能够与Ang抗体产生特异性反应，并具有明显的促进血管新生的活性。结论：原核表达的重组Ang具有良好的生物学活性。     

炭疽毒素PA在E.coli中的表达、纯化及其生物活性分析

目的:构建pET-32a( )-PA重组质粒,实现融合蛋白Trx-PA在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3)中的表达,并获得有生物学活性的PA.方法:采用PCR的方法扩增PA的编码序列,并且与pET-32a( )载体的Trx编码区融合产生pET-32a( )-PA重组质粒,将重组质粒转化至感受态E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达pET-32a( )-PA,通过SDS-PAGE和Western印迹进行分析.利用Ni2 金属亲和层析纯化表达产物,通过梯度透析进行复性.通过蛋白酶降解和细胞毒性实验分析Trx-PA的生物学活性.结果:成功构建pET-32a( )-PA重组质粒,并纯化了Trx-PA融合蛋白.SDS-PAGE分析表明融合蛋白相对分子质量大小正确,经纯化复性后,蛋白纯度达到76%.Trx-PA在体内和体外均能被弗林蛋白酶(furin酶)降解.Trx-PA的正确降解是致死因子(lethal factor,LF)进入小鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7内并产生细胞毒性的基础.结论:重组Trx-PA融合蛋白能在E.coli BL21(DE3)中有效表达,并表现出生物学活性.     

人PD-L1胞外区基因的克隆、原核表达及抗体制备

目的 克隆人PD-L1胞外区基因并进行原核表达及相应蛋白的抗体制备,为进一步研究PD-1/PD-L1通路及针对该通路进行疾病治疗和药物筛选奠定基础.方法 用PCR方法扩增编码人PD-L1胞外区的基因序列,克隆到原核表达载体pET28a(+)中并进行表达,用His抗体为一抗进行Western blotting鉴定并验证结合活性.用纯化的hPD-L1胞外区蛋白作为抗原免疫日本大耳白兔,制备多克隆抗体.通过酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)和流式法检测抗体滴度及其特异性.结果 原核表达质粒pET28a(+)-hPD-L1成功构建,并可在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中诱导高效表达,得到的hPD-L1胞外区蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定正确.用纯化蛋白免疫日本大耳白兔,制备的多克隆抗体具有较强的免疫结合活性,抗体滴度可达105.结论 鉴定和纯化了原核表达的hPD-L1蛋白,制备的相应多克隆抗体能够检测真核细胞表达的hPD-L1蛋白,为进一步研究PD-1/PD-L1生物学活性奠定了实验基础.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

改进的定位技术在胸部肿瘤穿刺活检中的应用

目的：探索CT-SIM三维定位系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引定位技术在胸部肿瘤经皮穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法：对380例胸部肿瘤患者行改进的CT定位技术下的经皮穿刺活检术。根据肿瘤的大小、深度、毗邻关系、活动度以及患者的心肺功能状态,综合运用CT-SIM系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,为患者进行穿刺前定位。统计穿刺定位时间长度、成功率、确诊率、并发症发生情况,并与210例采用传统铅栅定位下胸部肿瘤穿刺活检的相应资料进行比较。结果：采用改进的CT定位技术的380例患者穿刺定位精确,平均定位时间（9.5 min）较传统方法（16.8 min）缩短7.3 min,活检成功率和确诊率分别是98.7%和95.3%,高于传统定位方法的93.3%和83.3%,两者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。穿刺并发症发生率相似,气胸发生率分别为2.8%和2.9%,咯血发生率分别为11%和12.8%。结论：根据患者状态及肿瘤特点,在CT-SIM系统快速精确定位技术的基础上,综合运用体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,能显著缩短经皮穿刺活检的定位时间,提高活检成功率。