为潮湿的墙壁提供热风

通常只制造热风是不太有效的，但是Aida Therm砖石干燥机不仅可以制造压缩空气，而且拥有众多优势以提供专业的砖石建筑烘干技术。Remmers的这项新技术的主要优点在于它在一个工作日内就可以把非常潮湿的墙壁烘干，这样既节省了时间也节省了金钱。即使工作对象是厚度为50cm的墙壁，该设备也可在5小时内将其湿度从90％降低至50％。在24小时之后砖石建筑以及水平挡板就可以完全被烘干。     

An experimental fixture for continuous monitoring of electrical effects in moist masonry walls

A purposely designed experimental fixture for simultaneous and reliable monitoring of moisture, salts and spontaneous electrical polarization in masonry walls is proposed, based on the combined use of permanent sampling points and electrodes. Two fixtures were set up in laboratory with two different commercially available masonry bricks, in order to investigate the physical–chemical effects of capillary water rise as a function of the main bricks features (microstructure and salts nature and content).The research is aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the electrical effects in moist masonry walls, in order to possibly set up a reliable and scarcely invasive on-site monitoring procedure to be used in ancient building walls affected by rising damp, to lead restoration works to higher awareness.     

Water movement in porous building materials—VIII. Effects of evaporative drying on height of capillary rise equilibrium in walls

A theoretical analysis of the effect of the continuous loss of water by evaporation on the rising damp equilibrium in masonry walls is presented in this paper. The analysis predicts heights of capillary rise in agreement with those observed in practice in walls which lack an effective damp proof course.     

砌体抗压抗剪试验和对设计及施工规范的建议

针对不同砂浆强度的砌体抗压试件和抗剪试件进行了试验研究。对现行国家标准GB 50003—2001《砌体结构设计规范》所依据的高强砂浆砌体抗压、抗剪试验数据进行了补充,并验证了规范所给出的强度计算公式。对砖的抽样检验组数和砌筑砂浆使用时间提出修改建议。     

Shear capacity of masonry walls externally strengthened by a cement-based composite material: An experimental campaign

Composite materials are getting more and more common for strengthening existing members and structures; fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) are widely used, while carbon-fiber-reinforced cement matrix (CFRCM) materials have been more recently proposed especially for strengthening masonry members. In the present paper, the results of an experimental campaign carried out on tuff-masonry walls strengthened in shear by a cement-based composite are reported and commented. The reinforced masonry walls failed after loss of adhesion between the strengthening layer and the masonry substrate. Comparisons between the experimental results and some analytical formulations available in the scientific literature for determining shear resistance of strengthened masonry walls are finally proposed. Huge variability can be observed by applying those alternative formulations which are not able to reproduce the premature nature of the observed failure mode. Consequently, the present study is a thorough experimental report which can be useful for developing and validating more refined theoretical models for describing the ultimate behaviour of masonry walls externally strengthened by FRP.     

Controlling rising damp

The processes at work in walls affected by rising damp are not well enough understood, the author argues. The mechanical, electrical and thermal forces do not behave as laboratory experiments suggest, and control techniques must take account of the fact that old masonry can achieve its own ordered-state, with an increased capacity for ‘pumping’.     

无筋墙体的抗震剪切强度

本文在试验研究的基础上,着重探讨了无筋墙体在复合应力状态下的破坏机理以及砌体的各向异性性能在剪切破坏形态和抗剪强度上的反映。按照不同复合应力状态产生的不同破坏形态,并根据300余片墙体试验结果的统计分析以及地震作用下墙体的工作特性,提出了无筋墙体的抗震剪切强度计算公式。     

Climate adapted design of masonry structures

This paper presents challenges concerning design of masonry structures in severe climates. Empirical data on the design and performance of masonry buildings in Norway are presented, based on a comprehensive analysis of 302 process induced masonry defect assignments over a 20-year period from 1983 to 2002. Analyses of building defects are necessary in order to further develop tools, solutions and preventive measures ensuring high-performance building envelopes. The results illuminate the vulnerability of masonry under varying climatic exposure. The amount of masonry defects in Norway illustrates that it is not only the extreme weather events that need to be studied as a foundation for geographically dependent design guidelines. Driving rain and frost action are the principal climatic challenges to be considered in the pursuit of high-performance masonry structures. Shrinkage and thermal movement, the most frequent defect category, dominate independent of the climatic impact. Merely small errors or mistakes can bring about major and often irreparable defects or damage to masonry structuresA large part of the cases could have been avoided through more detailed engineering and applied knowledge on existing design guidelines. Finally, performance requirements for better design guidelines are presented. The need for design guidelines to ensure local climate adaptation and improved design guidelines on movement joints is also revealed.     

配筋砌块砌体结构的模型试验和理论研究

本文建立了完整的配筋砌块砌体结构在弹性阶段的完全相似模型和简单相似模型的相似性关系。指出了这种结构采取简单相似模型时各个组成材料的模型材料选取的注意事项。在理论分析的基础上首先进行了1/4比例的模型未灌孔砌块砌体、灌孔砌块砌体的受压和受剪性能试验,并对试验结果与现有规范公式进行了分析对比。试验结果表明,采用简单相似关系的模型试验,在合理选择模型材料的情况下,能够较真实地模拟原型砌体的各项基本力学性能。随后进行了两榀两层配筋砌块砌体剪力墙在不同竖向荷载下的单调加载受剪性能试验。试验研究表明,在无竖向力情况下,墙片的抗剪承载力比原型低6%;在竖向压应力约为1.5MPa的情况下,墙片的抗剪承载力比原型高8%,与原型墙试验总结的公式计算值基本吻合。本文研究对以后直接采用简单相似模型试验技术来进行高层配筋砌块砌体结构的研究奠定了试验和理论基础。     

Chemical injection remedial treatments for rising damp—I. The interaction of damp-proofing fluids with porous building materials

In this paper some factors affecting the interaction of damp-proofing fluids with porous media are discussed. Experimental procedures are described which enable post-treatment redistribution to be assessed and curing times to be estimated.Two types of damp-proofing fluid have been investigated, one was an aqueous solution of sodium methyl siliconate and the other an organic solvent solution of polyoxo-aluminium stearate. Neither fluid showed significant redistribution after imbibition. For both types of fluid curing was found to be sufficiently rapid so that any movement of uncured fluid by rising damp would be insignificant.In terms of site practice it is concluded that for the types of fluid investigated injection or infusion must be continued for long enough at each injection point for a continuous band of treated masonry to be formed at dpc level by the time injection ceases. Neither capillary forces nor post-injection redistribution will significantly extend the volume of mansonry treated with repellent.     

Experimental study on the determination of strength of masonry walls

The results of a research project carried out on masonry panels obtained from structures struck by the Umbria-Marchigiano earthquake of 1997–1998 are presented. The project consists of two parts: tests were performed in the laboratory, and in situ in order to determine the correct parameters describing masonry behavior. With regard to the laboratory tests, several compression tests were performed on cylindrical stone samples. Stone samples were obtained from the panels on which in situ tests had been previously carried out. Depending on the three types of in situ tests carried out (compression test, diagonal compression test, shear–compression test), different dimensions of panels were used using an appropriate cutting technique in order to leave the panels undisturbed. The shear strength and the Young and shear elastic modulus were measured. These results were compared with the values suggested by different standards. The experimental research allowed to characterize the mechanical properties of some typical masonry walls in old buildings of Umbria. These results are reported, together with an analysis of the masonry textures and sections.     

框支连续墙梁抗震性能研究及设计计算

通过对七榀１／２比例两跨框支墙梁的模型试验，对试验模型在竖向及反复水平荷载作用下的破坏机理、水平承载力和变形性能等进行了分析，提出了墙梁水平承载力和侧向刚度的计算公式以及墙梁的抗震设计建议。     

配筋砌块砌体柱偏压承载力试验研究与分析

对10个配筋砌块砌体柱进行了偏心荷载作用下的承载力试验研究,了解了该类柱子的受力与变形性能、破坏过程与形态等特征,考察了偏心距、芯柱纵向钢筋等因素对承载力的影响,并对截面应变和芯柱钢筋应力进行了加载全过程记录。借助钢筋混凝土结构的分析方法,推导了配筋砌块砌体柱在偏心荷载作用下的承载力公式,该方法在形式上与普通混凝土偏心受压构件保持了一致性,但在纵向弯曲对承载力的影响上又借鉴了砌体结构的表达式,试验结果证明这一方法是得当的。     

The effect of the orientation and proportion of a plant-covered wall layer on the thermal performance of a building zone

The aim of the present work is to analyse thoroughly the influence of the orientation and proportion (covering percentage) of plant-covered wall sections on the thermal behaviour of typical buildings in the Greek region during the summer period. As to the effect of construction parameters, the layer position of masonry/insulation has been also considered. The investigation has been carried out using a thermal-network model that adequately simulates the building zone under assumption; its validation was based on experimental results from a recently reported study. The model makes provision for several heat-flow paths in order to take into account the leaf cover on the external wall surface, heat transfer through the surfaces that constitute the building envelope, and natural ventilation. The influence of orientation and covering percentage of plant foliage for walls with different configurations was studied using representative outdoor environmental data for the zone location at a specific time period.     

The use of the diagonal compression test to identify the shear mechanical parameters of masonry

In this paper, the mechanical meaning, the experimental evaluation and the proper use of the mechanical parameters, which the most diffused simplified models for the prediction for the Diagonal Cracking failure mode in masonry piers are based on, are analysed. Moreover, a procedure to obtain a “mean” evaluation of the cohesion and the friction coefficient of mortar joints of masonry through the diagonal compression test is proposed. In order to assess the reliability of the procedure, a set of non-linear numerical simulations have been performed.     

竖向荷载作用下局部框架应力的有限元分析

为探讨竖向荷载作用下多层砌体结构房屋中局部框架的受力机理与性能,结合工程实例,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立局部框架计算模型和进行有限元分析,比较了施工方式对局部框架受力性能的影响,给出了竖向荷载作用下带局部框架多层砌体结构的应力分布规律。研究表明,按砌体结构施工方式建造的带局部框架多层砌体结构在竖向荷载作用下存在组合拱作用,支座处偏开洞则会削弱这种组合作用。     

分段线性差分一维大变形电渗固结模型

经典固结理论假设土体的物理、力学和电学特性均匀稳定,给出的解答往往忽略实际电渗固结中土体属性的动态变化。本文采用欧拉坐标系,建立一种分段线性一维大变形电渗固结模型ECS1。该模型考虑土体孔隙比、渗透、电势随固结进程的非线性变化,可分析电渗过程中土体超静孔隙水压力、沉降与固结、电势以及电阻的动态变化。通过算例验证及阐述该模型的特点,结合算例,给出了非线性大变形情况下的电渗固结数值解,求解或分析的对象包括渗流量、沉降量与固结度、孔压与电势分布,以及不同电势梯度对固结的影响。     

Finite element model correlation and calibration of historic masonry monuments: review

Building a reliable finite element (FE) model of historic masonry structures is a difficult undertaking due to the challenges in accurate representation of irregular geometry, complex material behaviour and complicated boundary conditions between structural masonry components. Model calibration refers to correcting the inherent deficiencies within the FE model by matching outputs to measured data. Model calibration has the potential to produce more reliable computer models and thus aid in the economical management and maintenance of contemporary as well as heritage structures. Researchers involved in the assessment of historic masonry monuments have devoted decades of consistent attention to FE model calibration. This paper reviews the recent developments in this topic with a focus on complex vaulted masonry monuments. Studies on simpler forms of masonry structures, such as masonry arch bridges or masonry towers, are also discussed since they lay the groundwork for studies on more complex structures. This paper identifies several remaining technical challenges as model calibration approaches gain wider recognition and usage in historic monument structural assessment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

林甸县农村砌体房屋抗震性能调查与分析

为了提高农村地区砌体房屋的抗震性能,进而提高农村地区抵御地震灾害的能力,通过对林甸县农村地区砌体房屋抗震性能的现场调查和典型房屋有限元分析,总结了该地区砌体结构房屋普遍存在的问题。结果表明:大多数房屋缺少抗震构造措施,容易造成局部破坏,其中山尖墙与屋盖之间的连接和纵横墙之间的连接以及墙角处是抗震的薄弱部位;提出的改善抗震性能的措施为农村砌体房屋建设提供了参考。     

Finite element modelling of deformation characteristics of historical stone masonry shear walls

Two dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis based on experimental test data has been carried out to model deformation characteristics, such as load–displacement envelope diagrams and failure modes of historical stone masonry shear walls subjected to combined axial compression and lateral shear loading. An experimental research work was carried out on three different types of historical stone masonry shear walls that can be considered representative of ancient stone masonry constructions. Those three types of masonry are: (i) sawn dry-stack or dry-stone masonry without bonding mortar, (ii) irregular stone masonry with bonding mortar, and (iii) rubble masonry with irregular bonding mortar thickness. Plasticity theory based micro modelling techniques has been used to carry out the analysis. The stone units were modelled using eight node continuum plane stress elements with full Gauss integration. The joints and unit-joint interfaces were modelled using a six node zero thickness line interface elements with Lobatto integration. This paper outlines the experimental research work, details of numerical modelling carried out and report the numerical lateral load–displacement diagrams and failure modes. The numerical analysis results were compared with the experimental test results and good agreement was found.