Growth and characterization of new semiorganic nonlinear optical single crystal L-Phenylalanine L-Phenylalaninium perchlorate (LPPAPC)

The new semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal, L-Phenylalanine L-Phenylalaninium perchlorate (LPPAPC) has been grown through synthesis between L-Phenylalanine and perchloric acid. The bulk crystals of dimension 5.5 × 0.4 × 0.3 cm³ were obtained by submerged seed solution method. The new compound was characterized by UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopic technique. In addition to that the solid-state structure of the crystal has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. LPPAPC was thermally stable up to 272 °C as determined by TG/DTA studies. Also, the second harmonic generation (SHG) of the LPPAPC crystal was observed using Nd: YAG laser with a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm.     

Growth, thermal, dielectric and mechanical studies of triglycine zinc chloride, a semiorganic nonlinear optical material

Triglycine zinc chloride, a semiorganic material, has been grown by slow solvent evaporation technique from a mixture of aqueous solution of glycine and zinc chloride in 2:1 molar ratio at room temperature. The grown crystal is up to the dimension of 45 × 23 × 18 mm³. Characterization of the crystals was made using single-crystal X-ray diffraction for obtaining unit cell parameters. Powder X-ray diffraction was recorded and the major peaks were indexed. Simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis were carried out for the as grown crystals to determine the thermal stability of the crystal. The crystals were further characterized by UV-Vis-NIR transmission spectrum in the range of 200 to 1100 nm. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss measurements were carried out at different temperatures and frequencies. Mechanical studies were carried out on the as grown crystal.     

Crystal growth, thermal and optical studies of semiorganic nonlinear optical material: l-lysine hydrochloride dihydrate

Single crystals of l-lysine hydrochloride dihydrate (LLHCD), a nonlinear optical material, have been grown by slow cooling technique from its aqueous solution. LLHCD was found to be highly soluble in water. The grown crystals have been subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction to confirm the structure and to estimate the lattice parameters. The vibrational structure of the molecule is elucidated from FTIR spectra. Thermal analysis revealed the thermal stability of the grown crystals. The optical transmittance spectrum shows that the material possesses good optical transparency in the entire visible region with a UV cut-off wavelength at 228 nm. The mechanical properties of the grown crystal have been studied using Vicker's microhardness test. The laser damage threshold of 52.25 MW/cm² has been measured by irradiating Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm).     

Melt growth of novel organic nonlinear optical material and its characterization

Ethyl P-amino benzoate (EPAB) is also known as benzocaine was recently identified as new organic non linear optical (NLO) material which is having nearly six times higher SHG efficiency than that of KDP. Hence, growth of unidirectional EPAB crystal gains importance for phase matching studies and this is the first melt growth report of EPAB single crystal. Seeding with the microtube in the present technique eliminates the need for pre-grown seed and has more probability to grow bulk single crystal. Growth direction of the μT-Cz grown EPAB single crystals was identified as <100> using X-ray powder diffraction studies. Thermal properties and optical transparency of the grown material were analyzed by TG and DTA and UV-VIS spectroscopic studies respectively. Laser damage threshold study shows nearly five times high damage threshold than KDP.     

Synthesis, growth, structural, optical, photoconductivity and dielectric studies on potassium p-nitrophenolate dihydrate: A new semiorganic nonlinear optical material

Potassium p-nitrophenolate dihydrate, a potential semiorganic nonlinear optical material, has been synthesized and grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Single crystal X-ray analysis presents an unprecedented bonding between ions in the crystal with acentric structure. In the new structural investigation, p-nitrophenolate instead of producing bond between phenolic O⁻ and K⁺, it seems to put nitro group in bonding with the metal ion. Optical absorption shows excellent transmission in the entire visible and near-infrared region. Room temperature photocurrent, transport properties are carried out in order to enhance the application for second harmonic generation and opto-electronic devices. Dielectric constant is found to be independent at higher frequencies. The crystal possesses prominent positive photoconduction in the presence of photoactive centers formed with trap energy level. The nonlinear optical activity is confirmed by Kurtz powder test.     

Synthesis,crystal growth and characterization of novel semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal: Dichlorobis(l-proline)zinc(II)

Single crystals of the semiorganic material, dichlorobis(l-proline)zinc(II) (DCBPZ), were grown from aqueous solution. The grown crystals were tested by single crystal X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectrometry, FT-IR, UV–vis and TG–DTA. The structural prefection of the grown crystals has been analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) rocking curve measurements. The dielectric and mechanical behavior of the specimen was also studied. The SHG efficiency of DCBPZ is three times greater than that of KDP. Measuring transmittance of DCBPZ permitted the calculation of the refractive index n, the extinction coefficient K and both the real ?_r and imaginary ?_i components of the dielectric constant as functions of photon energy. The optical band gap of DCBPZ is 4.8 eV.     

Growth and characterization of cobalt thiourea sulfate,a new nonlinear optical material

A new semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal of cobalt thiourea sulfate (CTS) has been grown by solvent evaporation solution growth method at room temperature. The unit cell parameters were evaluated by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals have been derived from FT-IR analysis. The range and percentage of optical transmission are ascertained by recording the UV–VIS–NIR spectrum. The thermal behavior of the crystals has been investigated by DTA and TGA analyses. The mechanical property of the grown crystals has been analyzed by Vicker's microhardness method. The NLO property of the grown crystal has been confirmed by the Kurtz powder second harmonic generation (SHG) test.     

Comparative studies on formation and material characterization of L-histidine derivatives for nonlinear optical device applications

In this study, nonlinear optical crystalline materials L-histidinium hydrochloride monohydrate (LHHCL) and L-histidinium methyl ester dihydrochloride (LHMDHCL) were successfully grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. As-grown crystalline materials were subjected to X-ray structure analysis, FT-Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, frequency conversion analysis, dielectric and Vicker’s microhardness studies. According to XRD data, the grown crystal LHHCL was crystallized to an orthorhombic form having a space group P2₁2₁2₁, while LHMDHCL crystal belongs to a monoclinic form with a space group P2₁. The FT-Raman study confirms the existence of chemical groups and the formation of two different crystals. The chemical compositions of the as-grown crystalline materials were established by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The UV–Vis study substantiates the transparency of LHHCL and LHMDHCL in the wavelength regions of 232–1000 nm and 230–1000 nm, respectively. Using the Tauc equation, the bandgap energy was determined as 5.35 eV and 5.38 eV for LHHCL and LHMDHCL crystals, respectively. In addition, the grown crystals have shown a better frequency conversion efficiency in comparison to KDP samples. According to the dielectric study, dielectric characteristics such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss for the LHHCL and LHMDHCL crystals drop as frequency increases. The hardness of the LHHCL and LHMDHCL crystals was measured by Vickers microhardness test which reveals that the grown crystals follow the normal indentation size effect.

     

Crystallization and characterization of nonlinear optical material l-arginine formomaleate

The influence of mixed acids in the growth and characteristic properties of a new nonlinear optical material l-arginine formomaleate abbreviated as LAFM was examined. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was used to calculate the lattice parameters of the crystals. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal analysis (DTA, TGA) were performed to study the molecular vibrations and thermal behaviour of the crystals. UV-VIS spectral study shows that LAFM is transparent down to 315 nm and its second harmonic generation efficiency is 1.2 times that of KDP.     

新型PMMA/SiO_2/DR1非线性光学杂化材料的制备及表征

通过溶胶-凝胶法将硅烷染料DR1ASD、含硅氧烷PMMA和TEOS在酸催化条件下共水解-缩合制备了新型非线性光学杂化材料PMMA/SiO2/DR1,并运用FT-IR、SEM、UV-vis、DSC/TG和UV-vis等测试方法对其结构和性能进行表征.测试结果表明:杂化材料中有机相和无机相之间通过共价键结合,无相分离出现;杂化材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热分解温度(Td)分别达到165℃和405℃;电晕极化后杂化材料具有较高的生色团取向有序度(Φ=0.238),并表现出良好的取向稳定性,80℃条件下3h后依然有初始值的79%.     

Resonant waveguide-grating switching device with nonlinear optical material

The design and analysis of a dielectric guided-mode resonance filter (GMRF) utilizing a nonlinear material for the waveguide is presented. Small changes to the parameters of a GMRF have a large impact on its resonance. A nonlinear material can provide a small change in the refractive index of the waveguide, altering the resonance of the device and resulting in modulation of the transmitted and reflected output of the filter. Numerical results show that nonlinear switching from 100% transmission to 100% reflection can be accomplished with less than 100 kW/cm(2) using a simple design.     

Growth and characterization of nonlinear optical diglycinehydrobromide single crystals

Diglycinehydrobromide (DGHB) a semi-organic nonlinear optical material with the molecular formula C₄H₁₁N₂O₄⁺Br⁻ has been synthesized at ambient temperature. Chemical composition of the synthesized material was confirmed by CHN analysis. Functional groups present in the sample were identified by FT-IR and Raman spectral analysis. Bulk single crystals of DGHB were grown by slow evaporation method at constant temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the grown DGHB has been indexed. Unit cell parameters of the grown DGHB crystals were determined. Thermal stability of DGHB was determined from TGA/DTA and DSC response curves. Mechanical hardness of the grown crystal DGHB was determined and Vickers hardness number was calculated. The optical transparency and the lower cutoff of UV transmission were identified from the recorded UV-vis-IR spectrum of DGHB. The Kurtz powder second harmonic generation test shows that the crystal is a potential candidate for optical second harmonic generation.     

Synthesis and nonlinear optical characterization of new 1,3,4-oxadiazoles

A new series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives containing 2-fluoro-4-methoxy phenyl were synthesized by refluxing mixture of acid hydrazide 3 with different aromatic carboxylic acids (a–e) in phosphorous oxychloride. These newly synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR, mass spectral, and IR spectral studies, and also by C, H, N analyses. The open-aperture z-scan experiment was employed to measure the optical nonlinearity of the samples at 532 nm, using 5 ns laser pulses. The measurements indicate that compound 4a, which contains Bromine, behaves as an optical limiter at this wavelength, with potential applications in optoelectronics.     

Growth and characterization of dexterous nonlinear optical material: Dimethyl amino pyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol (DMAPNP)

The crystals (dimethyl amino pyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol [DMAPNP] suitable for NLO applications were grown by the slow cooling method. The solubility and metastable zone width measurement of DMAPNP specimen was studied. The material crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system with noncentrosymmetric space group of P2₁2₁2_1. The ocular precision in the intact visible region was found to be good for non-linear optical claim. Quality of the grown crystal is ascertained by the HRXRD and etching studies. Laser Damage Threshold and Photoluminescence studies designate that the grown crystal contains less imperfection. The mechanical behaviour of DMAPNP sample at different temperatures was investigated to determine the hardness stability of the grown specimen. The piezoelectric temperament and the relative Second Harmonic Generation (for diverse particle sizes) of the material were also studied. The third order nonlinear optical properties of DMAPNP crystals were premeditated by Z-scan method. Birefringence and optical homogeneity of the crystal were evaluated using modified channel spectrum method. The half wave voltage of the grown crystal deliberate from the elector optic experimentation. Photoconductivity measurement specified consummate of inducing dipoles owing to brawny incident radiation and also disclose the nonlinear activities of the grown specimen.     

非线性光学材料聚二乙炔及其衍生物的制备及应用

非线性光学材料聚二乙炔及其衍生物的研究已引起国内外的广泛关注。本文总结了近年来聚二乙炔及其衍生物的合成方法 ,综述了聚二乙炔及其生物在非线性光学方面的研究进展 ,并且对聚二乙炔及其衍生物在非线性光学领域的进一步应用提出了展望。     

Synthesis and characterization of thiazolylazo chromophore for nonlinear optical applications

Bathochromic thiazolylazo second-order nonlinear optical chromophore, having 2-hydroxylethyl group in a molecule, has been prepared. The temperature decomposition of the chromophore was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The second-order polarizabilities at zero energy and the dispersion of second-order polarizabilities were measured by solvatochromic method. The other parameters of the chromophore were also measured.     

Growth and characterization of an organic nonlinear optical material: l-alanine alaninium nitrate

l-alanine alaninium nitrate (LAAN), an organic nonlinear optical material was grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature from its aqueous solution at pH value of 2.5. As grown single crystals were characterized for its spectral, thermal, linear and second order nonlinear optical properties. LAAN crystallizes in monoclinic system with space group P₂₁ and cell parameters a = 7.846 Å, b = 5.431 Å, c = 12.806 Å and β = 94.65°. The mode of vibrations of different molecular groups present in LAAN were identified by FTIR studies. The thermal behaviour of the crystals has been investigated using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), which indicates that the material does not decompose before melting. Transmittance spectrum reveals that the crystal has a low UV cut-off of 320 nm and has a good transmittance in the entire visible region. NLO property of the crystal was confirmed by Kurtz SHG powder technique.     

Synthesis, growth, and characterization of nonlinear optical material l-arginine iodate crystal

Single crystals of nonlinear optical l-arginine iodate (l-Arg·2HIO₃) (C₆H₁₄N₄O₂·2HIO₃), were successfully grown for the first time by the temperature-lowering method and also by the slow evaporation method at a constant temperature (30 °C) from its aqueous solution at pH value of 6. Crystals were of average dimensions 3 × 2.5 × 1.0 cm³ by optimizing the growth parameters. Initially, solubility studies were carried out for four different solvents such as water, water-methanol, water-ethanol, and water-acetone. Among the four solvents, the solubility of l-Arg·2HIO₃ was found to be the highest in water and hence crystallization of l-Arg·2HIO₃ was carried out from aqueous solution. Morphology studies reveal that the crystals grow with reasonable growth rate along the [100], [001], [110¯] and [011] direction. As-grown crystals were characterized by density measurement, X-ray powder diffraction studies, infrared spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrometer, laser induced damage threshold studies and nonlinear optical study.