乳腺癌中高迁移率族蛋白B1蛋白表达及其临床病理意义

目的探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及临床病理意义。方法收集2006—2018年浙江省东阳市人民医院病理科浸润性乳腺癌石蜡标本417例和同时切除的正常乳腺组织石蜡标本26例。采用免疫组织化学EnVision法检测和比较浸润性乳腺癌组织和正常乳腺组织中HMGB1蛋白的表达。分析HMGB1蛋白胞核高表达及胞质阳性表达与乳腺癌患者临床病理特征的关系。结果(1)乳腺癌中HMGB1蛋白胞核高表达率及胞质阳性率分别为80.8%(337/417)和16.8%(70/417),而其在正常乳腺组织中分别为46.2%(12/26)和0。乳腺癌中HMGB1蛋白胞核高表达率和胞质阳性率均明显高于正常乳腺组织(分别P<0.001,P=0.046)。(2)组织学级别高、雌激素受体(ER)阴性、孕激素受体(PR)阴性的乳腺癌患者,其HMGB1蛋白胞核高表达率明显更高(分别P=0.006,P=0.004,P<0.001),胞质阳性率也明显更高(均P<0.001)。Logistic回归模型多因素分析显示乳腺癌患者HMGB1蛋白胞核高表达的独立相关因素为肿瘤组织学分级(OR=2.188,95%CI=1.078~4.443,P=0.030),而HMGB1蛋白胞质阳性表达的独立相关因素包括肿瘤组织学分级(OR=3.031,95%CI=1.600~5.742,P=0.001)、ER(OR=0.129,95%CI=0.034~0.494,P=0.003)及TNM分期(OR=3.820,95%CI=1.042~14.001,P=0.043)。(3)Cox比例风险模型多因素分析显示HMGB1蛋白胞核高表达是影响乳腺癌患者总生存的独立危险因素(HR=0.366,95%CI=0.138~0.972,P=0.044)。结论HMGB1蛋白胞核高表达及胞质阳性表达与乳腺癌患者多项预后不良因素密切相关,有望成为抗乳腺癌治疗的一个潜在生物学标志。     

Expression of PGAM1 in renal clear cell carcinoma and its clinical significance

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the expression of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) in normal kidney and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), also to evaluate the correlation between PGAM1 expression and clinicopathological features in CCRCC. Methods: PGAM1 expression was detected in 80 cases of normal kidney and 192 cases of CCRCC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Meanwhile, PGAM1 expression measured in 8 cases of CCRCC and matched normal kidney tissues by Western blot. Then, the correlation between PGAM1 expression and clinicalpathological features was analyzed in CCRCC. Results: IHC results exhibited that the high-expression rate of PGAM1 in CCRCC tissues was 45.8%, which was significantly higher than those in normal kidney tissues (32.5%, P=0.044). Meanwhile, PGAM1 expression in CCRCC was significantly greater compared with those in normal kidney by Western blot. Moreover, PGAM1 expression was significantly associated with age, tumor size and T stage in CCRCC. Conclusion: PGAM1 is highly expressed in CCRCC and correlated with clinicalpathological features, which may contribute to tumor formation and progression.     

Requirement of HMGB1 and RAGE for the maturation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DC) are key components of innate and adaptive immune responses. Plasmacytoid DC (PDC) are a specialized DC subset that produce high amounts of type I interferons in response to microbes. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is an abundant nuclear protein, which acts as a potent pro-inflammatory factor when released extracellularly. We show that HMGB1 leaves the nucleus of maturing PDC following TLR9 activation, and that PDC express on the plasma membrane the best-characterized receptor for HMGB1, RAGE. Maturation and type I IFN secretion of PDC is hindered when the HMGB1/RAGE pathway is disrupted. These results reveal HMGB1 and RAGE as the first known autocrine loop modulating the maturation of PDC, and suggest that antagonists of HMGB1/RAGE might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of systemic human diseases.     

Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products and HMGB1/amphoterin in colorectal adenomas

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is associated with invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. We studied the expression of RAGE in colorectal adenomas to elucidate the role of RAGE in cancer development. Expressions of RAGE and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1)/amphoterin RAGE ligand were examined in 96 colorectal adenomas using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. Positivity and expression pattern of RAGE were compared with atypia, histological types, size, and HMGB1/amphoterin expression. Of 96 adenomas, 34 (35%) showed RAGE expression. RAGE positivity was significantly higher in adenomas with severe atypia (18/20, P<0.0001) and large-sized adenomas (–15 mm) (18/22, P<0.0001). RAGE expression showed three patterns: cytosolic (n=10), luminal (n=14), and membranous (n=10). Cytosolic pattern was associated with mild atypia and small size (–5 mm). Membranous pattern was associated with severe atypia, villous histological type, and co-expression with overexpressed HMGB1/amphoterin. These results suggest that RAGE expression, especially with membranous pattern, is associated with malignant potential of colorectal adenomas.     

HMGB1 inhibits insulin signalling through TLR4 and RAGE in human retinal endothelial cells

In the past decade, the role of inflammation has been shown in diabetes and its complications. Little is available on high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) actions on the proteins involved in insulin signal transduction, which may be altered to result in insulin resistance in the retina. Retinal endothelial cells (REC) were grown in normal or high glucose and treated with recombinant human HMGB1, an Epac1 agonist, or both. Additional cells were treated with advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) or toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) siRNA prior to rhHMGB1. Proteins lysates were processed for Western blotting for TLR4, RAGE, insulin receptor, Akt, and IRS-1 phosphorylation. We found that rhHMGB1 blocked insulin and Akt phosphorylation through either RAGE or TLR4 actions. Epac1 overcame both endogenous and exogenous HMGB1 to maintain normal insulin signalling. Taken together, these data offer upstream targets to maintain proper insulin signal transduction in the retinal vasculature.     

HMGB1及TLR2、TLR4在类风湿关节炎中的表达及意义

 目的 探讨HMGB1及TLR2、TLR4在类风湿关节炎患者中的表达。方法 选取活动期类风湿关节炎患者29例,非活动期20例及对照者18例。用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清HMGB1表达,用多色免疫荧光流式细胞术（FCM）检测外周血单核细胞表面TLR2和TLR4的表达率和蛋白相对含量。结果 活动期RA患者血清HMGB1含量和外周血CD14+单核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4的表达率及蛋白相对含量明显高于非活动期和对照者;非活动期RA患者TLR4显著高于对照组。活动期RA患者血清HMGB1与外周血CD14+单核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4相对蛋白含量表达呈显著正相关。结论 RA患者血清HMGB1及外周血单核细胞表面TLR2、TLR4的表达可能与RA病情发生发展有关,且具协同作用。     

HMGB1 in vascular diseases: Its role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis

The nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of several vascular diseases such as systemic vasculitis and atherosclerosis. In systemic vasculitides including ANCA-associated vasculitis and Kawasaki disease, serum HMGB1 levels are higher in patients with active disease compared to healthy controls. In atherosclerotic disease, HMGB1 displays increased expression in nuclei and cytoplasm of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the atherosclerotic lesions, and is implicated in the progression of the atherosclerotic plaque. Experimental models of acute coronary syndromes and cerebrovascular accidents show that HMGB1 is not only involved in the amplification of the inflammatory response during acute ischemic injury, but also in the recovery and remodeling process after ischemia. Patients with acute coronary syndromes or stroke present significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1 than healthy controls and levels are associated with disease severity and mortality. Here we review clinical and experimental studies dealing with the role of HMGB1 in vascular diseases.     

HINT1基因在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达和意义

目的组氨酸三聚体核苷结合蛋白1(histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein1,HINT1)基因在喉鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达情况及其与患者临床病理特征的关系,探讨HINT1基因在喉鳞状细胞癌发病过程中的作用。方法通过实时定量PCR和免疫组织化学检测82例喉鳞状细胞癌组织和56例癌旁组织中HINT1mRNA和蛋白水平的表达,分析其蛋白表达与患者临床病理特征的关系。结果喉鳞状细胞癌组织HINT1mRNA水平显著低于癌旁组织(P<0.01),HINT1蛋白表达阳性率显著低于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。晚期喉鳞状细胞癌组织中HINT1蛋白表达显著低于早期喉鳞状细胞癌组织(P<0.05)。结论 HINT1在喉鳞状细胞癌中可能发挥抑癌基因的作用。     

DNA修复酶HOGG1在食管鳞癌的表达和临床意义

目的探讨食管鳞状上皮癌组织中DNA损伤修复酶HOGG1表达与8-oxoG氧化损伤的关系及其表达改变的临床意义。方法免疫组化和Western blot检测鳞癌和癌旁组织中HOGG1的表达和8-oxoG氧化损伤,TUNEL试剂盒检测组织的凋亡指数。相关性统计分析鳞癌组织HOGG1低表达与上述两项指标之间的相关性;χ2检验与秩和检验统计鳞癌组织中HOGG1低表达与临床病理特征之间的关系。结果 HOGG1在食管鳞癌患者的组织中均有不同程度的表达,并且存在个体差异,鳞癌组织中HOGG1表达明显低于其癌旁组织(P<0.05),8-oxoG的氧化损伤程度明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.05),鳞癌组织中HOGG1的低表达与该组织8-oxoG氧化损伤程度、细胞凋亡指数呈负相关,与鳞癌的静脉侵犯、淋巴结转移有关,与患者的年龄、性别、鳞癌组织的病理分化程度无关。结论 HOGG1可作为食管鳞癌术后的检测指标,指导患者术后个体化治疗方案的制定。     

肾癌中P16表达的变化及其意义

目的探讨抑癌基因P16纯合性缺失与肾癌发生发展的关系。方法用RT-PCR等方法检测24例肾细胞癌和10例对照组(非癌症肾组织)P16基因mRNA的表达。结果在24例肾癌中,P16基因表达缺失14例(58.3%),中等阳性表达6例(25%),弱阳性表达4例(16.7%)。而对照组均呈强阳性表达(100%)。P16基因与肾癌病理分级无相关性,与临床分期有显著相关(P<0.05)。结论抑癌基因P16在肾细胞癌的生长、浸润和转移过程中可能起重要作用,对肾脏恶性肿瘤的诊断、治疗和预后的判定,可能具有潜在的临床价值。     

人高迁移率族B1的表达及其多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的以原核表达的人高迁移率族B1(High mobihty group box 1,HMGB1)蛋白为免疫原免疫日本大耳白兔,制备其兔多克隆抗体并进行鉴定。方法将人HMGB1 cDNA克隆于原核表达载体pQE-80L并转化大肠杆菌DH5α,经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导HMGB1表达,Ni^2 -NTA层析纯化后,用其免疫兔。以ELISA检测抗体效价,Western blot鉴定抗体特异性。结果成功表达并纯化了人HMGB1蛋白,纯化后纯度可达96％;ELISA法测定抗体效价为1：25600;Western blot结果显示所制备的抗体可特异性与人HMGB1蛋白结合。结论成功制备了兔抗人HMGB1多克隆抗体,为进一步研究HMGB1与相关疾病的关系打下了基础。     

Expression of CD9 and CD82 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its clinical significance

CD9 and CD82, members of the tetraspanin family, act as metastasis suppressors in many human malignant tumors, but the role of these molecules is not well known in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). This study was designed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CD9 and CD82 in 644 cases of CCRCC and to determine the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of their expression. The percentage of positive tumor cells was evaluated, and the expression was classified into 2 categories: low expression (less than 10% positive cells) or high expression (more than 10% positive cells) for CD9 expression and negative (no positive cells) or positive for CD82 expression. CD9 high expression was found in 303 (47.0%) patients, and CD82 positivity was found in 98 (15.2%) patients. High expression of CD9 was statistically associated with older patients (p = 0.003). The cases showing positive immunoreactivity for CD82 exhibited a high stage (p < 0.001) and high nuclear grade (p < 0.001). The overall, cancer-specific and progression-free survival rates were significantly higher in patients with a CD82-negative profile compared to patients with a CD82-positive profile (p < 0.001). Although the biological function of CD82 in CCRCC remains unclear, the CCRCC patients with CD82 positive expression show poor prognosis.     

Expression profiling and clinicopathological significance of DNA methyltransferase 1, 3A and 3B in sporadic human renal cell carcinoma

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family proteins in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to assess the clinical significance and prognostic value of their expression patterns. Methods: A total of 97 renal cell carcinoma and 52 no-tumor tissues were recruited for immunohistochemical analysis of their expression. Results: DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B proteins were highly expressed in clear cell RCC, papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC tissues than that of no-tumor tissues (all P < 0.05). DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.003, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively), tumor pathology stage (P=0.039, 0.034 and 0.037, respectively), histopathological grading (P=0.042, 0.026 and 0.031, respectively), lymph node metastasis (P=0.022, 0.030 and 0.020, respectively) and vascular invasion (P=0.042, 0.031 and 0.044, respectively). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that expression of DNMTs protein in RCC was significantly associated with shorter over all survival and disease-free survival (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the expression of DNMT1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) (P=0.036), and the expression of DNMT3A or DNMT3B was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) in the patients (P=0.031 and P=0.023, respectively). Conclusions: DNMTs were higher expressed in RCC than no-tumor tissues, and the expression of DNMTs were strongly associated with RCC tumor size, tumor pathology stage, histological grading, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, recurrence, and prognosis. DNMTs may thus serve as prognostic markers and novel therapeutic targets for RCC patients.     

RAGE-independent autoreactive B cell activation in response to chromatin and HMGB1/DNA immune complexes

Increasing evidence suggests that the excessive accumulation of apoptotic or necrotic cellular debris may contribute to the pathology of systemic autoimmune disease. HMGB1 is a nuclear DNA-associated protein, which can be released from dying cells thereby triggering inflammatory processes. We have previously shown that IgG2a-reactive B cell receptor (BCR) transgenic AM14 B cells proliferate in response to endogenous chromatin immune complexes (ICs), in the form of the anti-nucleosome antibody PL2-3 and cell debris, in a TLR9-dependent manner, and that these ICs contain HMGB1. Activation of AM14 B cells by these chromatin ICs was inhibited by a soluble form of the HMGB1 receptor, RAGE-Fc, suggesting HMGB1–RAGE interaction was important for this response. To further explore the role of HMGB1 in autoreactive B cell activation, we assessed the capacity of purified calf thymus HMGB1 to bind dsDNA fragments and found that HMGB1 bound both CG-rich and CG-poor DNA. However, HMGB1–DNA complexes could not activate AM14 B cells unless HMGB1 was bound by IgG2a and thereby able to engage the BCR. To ascertain the role of RAGE in autoreactive B cell responses to chromatin ICs, we intercrossed AM14 and RAGE-deficient mice. We found that spontaneous and defined DNA ICs activated RAGE⁺ and RAGE^? AM14 B cells to a comparable extent. These results suggest that HMGB1 promotes B cell responses to endogenous TLR9 ligands through a RAGE-independent mechanism.     

长链非编码RNA WIF1-1在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探究食管鳞状细胞癌组织及癌旁组织中长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)WIF1-1的表达水平,并评估其对患者预后的价值.方法:使用实时荧光定量PCR检测50例食管鳞状细胞癌组织样本及其对应同源的癌旁组织样本中lncRNA WIF1-1的表达水平,分析临床病理特征及其与患者预后的相关性.结果:食管鳞状细胞癌组织中lncRNA WIF1-1的表达水平明显低于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).进一步分析发现:lncRNA WIF1-1的表达水平与食管鳞状细胞癌的淋巴结转移、TNM分期和临床分期之间呈负相关.对预后资料分析发现:lncRNA WIF1-1表达水平较低的食管鳞癌患者的总生存时间(overall survival,OS)以及无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)均较短.单因素及多因素分析结果显示:lncRNA WIF1-1可作为食管鳞状细胞癌患者OS和PFS的独立危险因素.结论:lncRNA WIF1-1可能在食管鳞状细胞癌中发挥抑癌基因的作用,其表达量与患者预后具有相关性,有可能成为食管鳞状细胞癌的治疗靶点.     

卵巢浆液性癌中Netrin-1的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨神经突起生长导向因子Netrin-1在卵巢浆液性癌（ ovarian serous carcinoma,OSC）中的表达及其临床病理意义。方法采用免疫组化EnVision法检测20例卵巢良性浆液性囊腺瘤、13例卵巢交界性浆液性囊腺瘤和32例OSC中Ne-trin-1蛋白的表达,分析Netrin-1蛋白表达与OSC临床病理特征的关系。结果 Netrin-1在OSC中的阳性率明显高于卵巢交界性和良性浆液性囊腺瘤（P<0.01）。OSC组织中Netrin-1表达与肿瘤分化程度及临床分期有关（P<0.05）,与患者年龄、发病部位、肿瘤大小及有无盆腔淋巴结转移无关（ P>0.05）。Kap1an-Meier生存分析显示,Netrin-1高表达患者5年生存率显著低于Netrin-1低表达患者（ P<0.05）。结论 Netrin-1在OSC组织中高表达,提示其可能与肿瘤的发生、发展有关,可作为OSC患者预后判断的辅助指标。     

膀胱移行细胞癌nm23蛋白表达及临床意义

目的 :探讨膀胱移行细胞癌nm2 3蛋白的表达及其与预后的关系。方法 :应用S P法免疫组化技术 ,检测 5 5例膀胱移行细胞癌nm2 3蛋白的表达。结果 :5 5例膀胱移行细胞癌中 ,nm2 3蛋白表达阳性率 6 3 6 % ,在膀胱移行细胞癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级中分别为 87 5 %、6 5 %、42 1%。nm2 3蛋白表达阳性率随病理分级增高而降低 ,Ⅰ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅰ级 +Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与肿瘤大小、转移及预后相关 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :nm2 3蛋白检测有助于判断膀胱移行细胞癌恶性程度及预后