红外非线性光学晶体CdSe生长与性能表征

采用垂直无籽晶气相法(VUVG)生长出尺寸达26 mm×45 mm的CdSe单晶体,对CdSe晶体的稳态气相生长速率进行了深入讨论.采用气相升华法提纯后的CdSe多晶原料的X射线粉末衍射谱与PDF卡片值(65-3436)吻合,生长出的单晶体{100}和(110)面XRD衍射峰尖锐,无杂峰,且{100}面出现3级衍射峰.晶锭密度为5.74 g/cm3,与理论计算值接近.退火处理后的晶片在1000～7000 cm-1 红外波段范围内透过率达到70;.采用VUVG法生长的CdSe单晶体,结晶性能好、结构致密、尺寸大和红外透过率高,可用于制备红外非线性光学器件.     

基于Si衬底的CdSe薄膜蒸镀工艺研究

采用真空蒸发技术在Si(100)基底上制备了CdSe纳米晶薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、膜厚测试仪、原子力显微镜(AFM)方法对不同蒸发电流下制备的薄膜的结晶情况、表面形貌进行分析表征.结果表明:蒸发电流对CdSe薄膜的结晶性能和表面形貌有显著影响.当蒸发电流为75 A时,CdSe薄膜沿(002)方向的衍射峰相对较强,沿c轴取向择优生长优势明显,薄膜厚度约为160 nm,晶粒尺寸约为40 nm,颗粒均匀;薄膜表面平整光滑,表面粗糙表面粗糙度(5.63 nm)相对较低,薄膜结晶质量较好.     

硒化镉单晶体的研究进展

总结了CdSe单晶体的多种生长方法,包括温度梯度熔体法,移动区熔法,助熔剂法和气相提拉法等,其中气相提拉法能有效提高CdSe单晶体的晶体纯度及光学质量.介绍了CdSe晶体用于红外非线性光学器件以及室温核辐射探测器件的研究进展,并对CdSe晶体制作中红外偏振测量用波片进行了展望.     

CdSe晶体及掺Cr2+激光器的研究进展

以CdSe晶体光参量振荡器为代表的中红外激光器在生物、医疗和军事等诸多领域有着广泛的应用前景.本文总结了生长CdSe单晶的工艺方法包括熔体法、熔剂法和气相法等,其中常用的为气相法,近年来高压垂直梯度冷凝(HPVGF)技术也逐渐被采用.国内外将本征CdSe晶体用于光参量振荡器件(OPO),适用于多种激光器泵浦源,且输出功率不断提高.而Cr2+的掺杂能有效提高泵浦效率,实现波长的连续可调.     

无约束二次物理气相法CdSe单晶体的生长研究

在物理气相法的基础上,通过无约束二次气相输运法生长出具有自然显露面的尺寸约为6mm×7mm×2mmCdSe晶体.对生长晶体的结构、成分和形貌进行表征,测试发现:XRD粉末衍射图谱强度高无杂峰,CdSe晶体的3个自然显露面分别是(100)、(002)和(110)面,回摆曲线半峰宽度较小;ICP-MS结果显示样品中杂质含量有效降低;红外透过率测试结果显示无约束二次气相法生长的CdSe晶体红外透过率高;SEM观测发现其解理面呈阶梯状且台阶方向一致.结果表明,采用无约束二次气相法生长的CdSe晶体结晶质量较好,纯度高,红外透过率高,并根据BFDH模型分析CdSe晶体自然显露面出现的原因.     

CdSe纳米晶薄膜的光敏特性研究

硒化镉(CdSe)是一种光电性能优异的II-VI族化合物半导体.采用真空热蒸发技术在Si(100)衬底上制备出高质量的CdSe纳米晶薄膜,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、Raman光谱仪、膜厚测试仪、扫描电镜(SEM)和数字源表对其结晶性能、晶体结构、表面形貌及光敏特性进行了表征.结果显示,CdSe纳米晶薄膜呈六方纤锌矿结构,纯度较高,结晶性能较好,沿c轴择优生长的优势明显;同时,薄膜具有典型的光敏电阻特性,且电阻值受光照强度、退火温度影响明显.     

蒸发电流对CdSe薄膜的结晶性能影响研究

采用真空热蒸发技术,选取系列蒸发电流在光学玻璃基底上制备出CdSe薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜对样品的结构和表面形貌进行了表征.结果显示:蒸发电流为75 A时,CdSe薄膜沿(002)方向择优生长,衍射峰较强,半峰宽较小,晶粒(约48 nm)分布较均匀,表面粗糙度低(5.58 nm),无裂纹.蒸发电流不改变薄膜的结晶取向,但电流过低时,薄膜的表面颗粒轮廓模糊且有间隙,结晶性差;电流高于75 A时,随电流升高,薄膜结晶性逐步降低,颗粒变小,半峰宽变大,部分样品表面晶粒生长不完整,表面出现裂纹.     

BiOCl(110)表面电子结构和光学吸收的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论第一性原理研究了BiOCl(110)表面两种不同终止端(ll0)-BiCl和(110)-O电子结构和光吸收性质.结果表明:(110)-BiCl和(110)-O表面均未发生重构现象;(ll0)-BiCl表面导带底部出现明显表面态,导致该表面带隙降低,且价带与导带均朝低能方向移动;而(110)-O表面态位于价带顶,导带能带变窄导致该表面带隙略大于体相BiOCl;(ll0)-BiCl和(110)-O表面能分别为1.570 J· m-2和1.550 J· m-2;光吸收性质对比分析知,与BiOCl体相相比,(ll0)-BiCl表面吸收光谱发生明显红移.     

液相合成硒化镉(CdSe)热力学研究

本文报道了对硒化镉(CdSe)合成反应的反应焓变,反应熵变,Gibbs自由能以及配料的化学计量的分析计算,从热力学角度论证了在中温(～650℃)下直接液相合成高纯CdSe的可能性.按照理论分析结果选择技术参量进行了CdSe液相合成实验,并采用X射线粉末衍射谱法对合成产物进行了分析,结果证实了热力学分析的正确性.     

热蒸发制备CdSe薄膜及其光电特性研究

采用真空热蒸发法技术制备CdSe薄膜,通过XRD、SEM、Hall效应和分光光度计测试了薄膜的结构、表面形貌、I-V特性和光学透过率。结果表明:CdSe薄膜(100)晶面的面间距为0.369 nm,晶粒大小约为10.2 nm,薄膜表面晶粒分布较为均匀;CdSe薄膜与锡和银的肖特基势垒高度分别为0.76 V和0.69 V;CdSe薄膜的光透过率在远红外区较高,且呈上升趋势;折射率随波长增加按指数规律减小;根据Tauc关系和Urbach规则,获得能量带隙为1.79 eV和Urbach能量为0.217 eV。     

From Cd(OH)2 nanoflakes to CdSe nanochains: Synthesis and characterization

A facile sacrificial template route was introduced to prepare close CdSe nanochains by the hydrothermal method using Cd(OH)₂ as a sacrificial template and precursor. Cd(OH)₂ nanoflakes were synthesized by an alkali salt mineralizing hydrothermal process at 200 °C for 20 h, which was the key step in preparing the CdSe nanostructures. Subsequently, the as-prepared Cd(OH)₂ nanoflakes were converted into CdSe nanochains in Na₂SeSO₃ solution by hydrothermal process under through time and temperature control. The as-prepared products were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM and SAED. A possible explanation of the growth mechanism has been proposed. Initially, CdSe nanoparticles are presumed to nucleate on the surface of the sacrificial template of a Cd(OH)₂ nanoflake. These particles further grow and assemble into 1-D close or open CdSe nanochains on top of Cd(OH)₂ nanoflake skeleton through the Ostwald ripening process. This method is suggested as applicable to synthesizing other chalcogenide nanostructures as well.     

改进水平籽晶气相法生长CdSe单晶

采用改进的双温区水平籽晶气相升华法,生长出尺寸为?15 mm ×35 mm的完整CdSe单晶体。经X射线衍射仪、能谱分析仪和傅里叶红外光谱仪的检测,CdSe单晶粉末衍射谱与标准衍射峰吻合较好,单晶摇摆曲线半高宽0.5°;Cd、Se化学计量比等于1∶0.977,接近理想比;晶体在2.5~20.0μm红外波段范围内的透过率T >65;,吸收系数α<0.1 cm-1。这些结果表明,采用本方法生长的晶体结晶性较好、成分均匀、透过率较高,品质良好,这对生长类似高蒸气压、高熔点的III-V、II-VI族晶体,会有所帮助。     

CdSe单晶体的生长及其特性研究

本文报道了用改进的垂直气相法(多级提纯垂直气相法)生长富Cd的CdSe单晶体,并对晶体的性能进行了观测,其电阻率为107Ωcm量级,电子陷阱浓度为108cm-3量级,第一次报道了(110)面的腐蚀形貌。结果表明：采用这种方法制备CdSe单晶,设备简单,易于操作,在提纯和生长过程中不需要转移原料,有利于减少晶体中的杂质含量,降低位错密度,改善晶体的电学性能。多级提纯垂直气相法是一种有前途的CdSe单晶体生长的新方法。     

CdSe晶体倍频光学参数及元件加工研究

对红外非线性光学晶体CdSe的倍频光学参数及其元件加工进行了研究.根据非线性光学原理和折射率色散关系,从理论上计算出CdSe晶体的有效非线性系数和倍频元件相位匹配角与基频光波长(5.5～10.0 μm)的调谐特性曲线,从实验上探索到一种通过解理试验和XRD定向测试,快速确定其光轴方向的晶体定向新方法.结果表明,CdSe晶体在Ⅱ类相位匹配条件下的有效非线性系数d_(eff)为d_(15)sinθ,倍频转换效率与方位角无关;在Ⅰ类相位匹配条件下其有效非线性系数d_(eff)恒等于0,无倍频输出.根据理论计算结果,运用定向新方法,针对VUVG法生长出的外观无方向特征的CdSe晶体,经定向切割、研磨和抛光,初步加工出基频波长为9.6 μm的CdSe晶体Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频元件, 尺寸达9.5 mm×9.5 mm×18 mm.     

Structural,optical, electrical and luminescence properties of electron beam evaporated CdSe:In films

CdSe:In films were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique using CdSe and In₂Se₃ (purity ∼99.9%) pellets. The crystal structure of the films with and without Indium, measured by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), showed a typical wurtzite structure, higher Indium doping shifts the peak angle to higher side along with the broadening of the peaks. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies indicated binding energies corresponding to 54 eV (Se3d_5/2), 444 eV (In 3d_5/2), 411 eV (Cd 3d_3/2), (Cd 3d_5/2). Atomic force microscope (AFM) studies indicated a uniform surface.The grain size decreases with increase of In doping. A decrease in the band gap was observed with increase of dopant concentration. Resistivity of the films is in the range of 10^‐3 Ωcm. Carrier density was in the range of 10²¹ cm^‐3 for the films. The photolumineasenec spectra (PL) spectra indicated three peaks. The peak intensity decreases as the Indium concentration increases. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Study on growth kinetics of CdSe nanocrystals in oleic acid/dodecylamine

A novel synthesis of CdSe nanocrystals is presented, which is based on the lower temperature reaction between TOPSe and cadmium acetate. An oleic acid/dodecylamine solvent was employed for studying the growth kinetics of CdSe nanoparticles at 200 °C. The concentration of growing particles remained constant following the initial nucleation step. The diameter of the CdSe nanocrystals varied from 2.0±0.1 nm up to 3.7±0.2 nm. About 90% of the available Cd was consumed during the growth. The rate constant for steady-state CdSe deposition was found to be 9.74×10⁻¹⁰ m s⁻¹ at 200 °C.     

Correlation between bulk and surface properties in Cd–X (X = Hg,Mg) liquid alloys

A theoretical investigation of the energetics and its effect on the alloying behaviour of Cd–Hg and Cd–Mg liquid alloys have been carried out with the aim of correlating their bulk and surface phenomena. Using the Quasi-chemical approximation for regular solution model, our results indicate that Cd–Hg and Cd–Mg are weakly heterocoordinated both in the bulk and on the surface. We observed that the degree of chemical order in Cd–Mg liquid alloy is more than that of Cd–Hg liquid alloy.