浅谈我市生活垃圾焚烧发电的应用

随着经济的迅速发展和城市化进程的加快,我国大多数城市(镇)承受着城市垃圾带来的巨大的环境压力。焚烧技术作为一种可同时实现城市垃圾减量化、无害化和资源化的垃圾处理技术,已成为我国部分城市垃圾处理的首选技术。     

垃圾焚烧发电技术及其应用研究

随着我国农村城市化发展进程的不断加快,如何解决垃圾处理问题已经变得刻不容缓。正是由于垃圾的处理将会占用大量土地,而且还会对周边居民的生活产生负面性影响,所以,研究垃圾焚烧发电技术有着不容忽视的意义。本文主要对垃圾处理的基本方式给予了详细介绍,并重点分析了焚烧发电处理方法,希望有助于促进我国国民经济的发展以及人民生活水平的提升。     

垃圾处理

安徽：城市生活垃圾处理收费有章可循,广州：生活垃圾处理将以焚烧为主,长春：最大垃圾转运站启动,日照：垃圾处理场技改工程进展顺利,婺源：3000万元建成垃圾处理场.[编者按]     

水泥窑和焚烧炉联合处理城市生活垃圾系统投资和效益

在城市生活垃圾无害化处理的卫生填埋、堆肥、焚烧3种方式,2005年卫生填埋占85．78％,焚烧为9．90％。近几年大力发展垃圾焚烧处理方式,所占比例仍无明显增加,可以说,目前我国垃圾处理仍以填埋为主。     

垃圾填埋废弃地的生态修复——以2015年武汉园博园“荆山”为例

我国生活垃圾处理情况现状 目前世界上进行的生活垃圾处理方式主要有填埋、焚烧和堆肥三种。发达国家的填埋法一般是将生活垃圾经过焚烧或者堆肥处理后的残留物（仅为原有量10％左右）进行填埋处理。在我国,这三种方式的应用分别占70％、5％、20％。     

生活垃圾焚烧发电飞灰处置方法

随着我国城镇化进程的加快,生活垃圾产生量也在增加,原有的垃圾填埋导致土地资源越来越紧缺,作为生活垃圾处理的另一主要途径——焚烧发电技术得到了较大的发展。该技术不仅能变废为宝,将生活垃圾转变为电能和热能,更能促进生活垃圾减量化,有效解决了“垃圾围城”现象,缓解了土地资源压力。但焚烧过程中会产生含有二噁英、重金属等有害物质的飞灰,若飞灰处置不当则会对周边环境造成危害。     

天津生活垃圾处理现状分析与技术发展方向研究

本文分析了天津城市生活垃圾组成及处置状况,对天津生活垃圾的填埋、焚烧、堆肥处理技术进行了简介和比较,分析了目前天津生活垃圾处置中存在的问题,并提出了垃圾处理技术发展方向.为进一步加快天津城市垃圾处理提供了宝贵意见.     

城市生活垃圾处理技术及焚烧炉渣资源化利用研究进展

城市生活垃圾日益增多,阻碍了城市的可持续发展。焚烧作为一种成熟、先进、处理量大、有用资源可回收利用的处理技术在我国大中城市得到了广泛的应用。但是,焚烧后的炉渣仍占到了原始垃圾重量的20%-30%,且数量随着焚烧量的增加而增加。文中探讨了填埋、堆肥、焚烧等3种城市生活垃圾处理技术研究现状,并且焚烧炉渣具有稳定的物理和化学性质,因此对其进行资源化再利用,进行新型墙材研发是可行的。     

中国城市生活垃圾处理现状与对策

本文比较系统地分析了我国城市生活垃圾处理现状,概述了我国在城市生活垃圾处理上的技术政策、治理方向和垃圾处理实践,同时提出必须从立法、政策、管理、技术、设施等方面统筹规划解决我国城市生活垃圾问题以确保我国城市生活垃圾综合治理系统的正常健康发展。     

生活垃圾处理产业化存在的问题和对策

通过近几年的发展,我国垃圾处理产业初具雏形。社会资本纷纷涌向垃圾焚烧发电厂、垃圾卫生填埋场、垃圾综合处理厂和大型垃圾处理转运站建设与运营市场,许多地区还将城市道路清扫保洁、公厕管理与维护等传统的环卫作业内容承包给企业或个人。大大小小的垃圾收运公司也开始涌现,进入到垃圾收运服务的市场。我国的垃圾处理市场已经从导入期进入到成长期,并正向成熟期迈进。当前,正是我国垃圾处理市场发展的关键机遇期。     

Land Disposal Practices in Europe and North America

This paper compares the land-based disposal of municipal and hazardous waste in Europe and North America, and the various disposal options are examined for each type of waste. It is concluded that landfill is still the most widely practised disposal method for most wastes in both continents. Other methods include composting, land farming, trenching/spraying, and deep underground disposal. More stringent controls on waste disposal are being introduced and a trend to seek greater uniformity of practice and standards is developing. However, local conditions, such as the nature of the wastes and the availability and nature of disposal sites, continue to work against this trend. There is no single method which is suitable for all wastes and for all conditions. The best environmental option for waste management will vary from place to place and waste to waste, therefore an imposed uniformity of practice is not in the best environmental interest.     

Using socio-technical analogues as an additional experience horizon for nuclear waste management A comparison of wind farms,fracking, carbon capture and storage (CCS) with a deep-geological nuclear waste disposal (DGD)

Energy technologies can be described as socio-technical ensembles, in which social, political, economic and technical dimensions are embedded. Based on this concept as well as other theoretical approaches dealing with the deployment and development of technologies (e.g. the multi-level perspective of Geels (2002)) this contribution investigates the dynamics and interactions that can occur within the socio-technical ensemble of a deep geological disposal (DGD) for high-level radioactive waste (HLRW). We compare socio-technical analogues and relate findings of three energy technologies with large-scale infrastructures to a DGD. The analysis is based on a systematic literature review and aims to gain indirect knowledge for nuclear waste management (NWM) deduced from the dynamics within the socio-technical ensembles of wind farms, fracking and carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). The analysis is based on a systematic literature review along four central dimensions with eight respective criteria e.g. public participation, conflicts, role of science, etc.     

垃圾焚烧灰渣的特性及资源化利用

随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,垃圾问题日益突出。焚烧在我国某些城市逐渐开始成为主要的生活垃圾处理方法之一,同时,焚烧过程产生的副产物的二次污染及其性质渐受关注。通过对城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣的特性研究分析,用X射线荧光光谱仪对垃圾灰渣进行成分分析,为垃圾焚烧灰渣的资源化利用奠定了基础。     

德国建筑废弃物层级管理及其对中国的启示

分析德国建筑废弃物层级管理的基本框架内容,从防止产生、再利用、再生利用、处置等方面剖析影响建筑废弃物各层级管理有效实施的因素,在此基础上提出我国的建筑废弃物管理应借鉴德国的成熟经验,通过明确和细化我国建筑废弃物管理的层级结构,优先强调建筑废弃物的源头预防与控制,构建健康有序的再生建筑产品市场,合理运用经济工具规制建筑废弃物处置来有效推进建筑废弃物的层级管理。     

汶川地区地震后城市垃圾综合处理策略探讨

城市废墟清理和垃圾处理是地震后城市重建工作的首要内容。从地震灾害对汶川地区的影响出发,分析震后城市垃圾处理的特殊性,研究城市废墟中垃圾的来源分类与构成。在深入研究国内外城市震后垃圾处理经验的基础上.针对汶川地区自身特点,提出在灾后重建过程中垃圾处理的主要内容及综合处理策略,从而指导灾后的重建工作。     

Erring with high‐level nuclear waste disposal: a case study of the precautionary principle

Increasingly, the “Precautionary Principle” is being discussed as a basis for decision‐making to protect environmental and human health where there are risks of serious or irreversible damage but where there are gaps in knowledge and uncertainties to demonstrate conclusively either the existence of the risks or their levels. Many analyses of the precautionary principle focus on the abstract or philosophical theories of the principle. Here, I provide a more practical case study to demonstrate some of the prospects and problems of the principle. While the case study focuses specifically on the disposal of high‐level radioactive waste at a potential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, it also provides insight to other problems of complex technologies and the protection of health.     

Long-term safety analysis and model validation through URL research

In Germany, all types of radioactive wastes will be disposed of in deep geological repositories. While a repository for low-level radioactive waste (LLW) has recently been licensed, different host rock formations are considered for disposal of heat producing high-level waste (HLW). The latter includes directly disposed spent fuel (SF) and vitrified waste from its reprocessing. Different canisters and disposal concepts are considered for spent fuel disposal, i.e. thick-walled iron casks in horizontal drifts or thin-walled BSK3 steel casks in vertical boreholes. GRS is the leading expert institution in Germany concerning nuclear safety and waste management. For the recent 30 years, GRS has developed and continuously improves a set of computer codes, which allow assessing the performance and the long-term safety of repositories in various host rocks (salt, clay or granite) adopting different technical options. Advanced methods for deterministic as well as probabilistic assessments are available. To characterize the host rocks and backfill/buffer materials and to develop disposal technologies, comprehensive laboratory experiments and a large number of in-situ tests have been performed at GRS’ geo-laboratory and underground research laboratories in different host formations. Thermo-hydro-mechanico-chemical (THMC) processes occurring in the host rocks and engineered barrier systems are numerically simulated. The paper presents an overview of GRS’ work highlighting important results of performance assessment (PA) studies for both the salt and clay options. Also, recent results of in-situ investigations and laboratory studies are presented together with modeling results. Special emphasis is dedicated to the consideration of coupled THM processes which are of relevance in PA.     

西部地区建筑废弃物填埋的法律规制

建筑废弃物填埋法规对促进废弃物减量化与资源化起着重要作用。然而,目前我国的建筑废弃物填埋法规不成系统且执行效果有待加强。基于此,系统综述了西部6 省市的建筑废弃物填埋法规,重点就法规完善性、主管部门的职责及协同监管、填埋设施规划与管理、填埋收费标准,以及填埋行为管理等进行了评述,旨在甄别现行法规体系中的主要欠缺,为完善西部地区建筑废弃物填埋法规提供参考。     

溶质运移与高放核废物处置

通过对溶质运移和高放核废物处置的介绍,结合核素迁移以及我国高放核废物处置的情况,介绍了在核素迁移过程中T-H-M-C四场耦合的组合分类,提出在核废物处置过程中进行四场耦合的研究,并指出在将来的四场耦合研究过程中加强化学场研究的重要性,对高放核废物处置具有一定的指导作用。     

Optimal pricing and environmental improvement for a hazardous waste disposal supply chain with emission penalties

Hazardous waste management has become a municipal problem, associated with industrial development and changing consumption patterns. We study the hazardous waste management system as a supply chain with a disposal facility and a contractor, which serves customers with demand sensitive to price and environment impact. The government intervenes with this supply chain by imposing emission penalties that make the waste disposal facility responsible for reducing disposal process emissions. The Stackelberg game and Nash equilibrium are used to model the decision-making sequence between the disposal facility and the contractor. We specify different scenarios to model the hazardous waste management supply chain. The goal of this research is to find the optimal disposal service price and level of environmental improvement to mitigate adverse impacts and maximize profits. The applicability of dual-channel service in the hazardous waste supply chain is also investigated. Our study shows that the supply chain obtains the highest profit if both the disposal facility and the contractor operate in a centralized model. Under some scenarios, profitability improves if the disposal facility becomes active in waste collection and transportation under a dual-channel supply-chain model. Demand sensitivity to price and environmental impacts can affect the adopted level of improvement by disposal facilities.