铈掺杂TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯的及掺杂不同量Ce的TiO2纳米粒子,利用UV-Vis漫反射光谱及XRD等对所制备样品进行表征和解释,以高压汞灯为光源,甲基橙水溶液的脱色为模型反应,研究了CeO2/TiO2的光催化降解反应活性.实验发现掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子反射光谱特性向可见光方向红移到了500 nm;掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子比纯的TiO2纳米粒子对光的吸收率高、吸收能力强;掺杂的Ce4+仅有少量进入TiO2晶格中,而大部分的Ce4+没有进入TiO2晶格中,而是以小团簇的CeO2形态均匀地分散在TiO2纳米粒子中或者是覆盖在其表面上,说明掺杂Ce能提高TiO2光催化反应活性,且掺杂Ce量有最佳值.实验结果表明在TiO2中掺杂Ce的摩尔百分含量为2%,甲基橙起始浓度为20 mg·L-1,CeO2/TiO2用量为0.400 g,双氧水用量为5.88 mmol·L-1,pH值为6.4时,光照8 h,甲基橙的脱色率可达96.8%.     

铕掺杂对二氧化钛光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响

以钛酸四正丁酯为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和不同Eu含量掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子,利用XRD对样品进行了表征,并以甲基橙的光催化降解研究了样品的光催化性能.发现Eu的掺杂抑制了TiO2粒径的增长,细化了晶粒;同时,Eu掺入到TiO2的晶格中,引起了晶格的畸变和膨胀.结果表明,适量Eu的掺杂可提高TiO2的光催化性能,在本试验进行的条件下,当掺杂摩尔分数为0.1%时,光催化性能最好.     

纳米TiO2光催化水泥降解甲基橙的研究

光催化剂与建筑材料的结合是光催化领域一个重要的发展方向.文中以添加纳米TiO2的水泥为研究对象,以甲基橙的光催化降解活性为指标,考察了光催化水泥用量、水泥中TiO2的含量、水泥水化龄期以及甲基橙初始浓度对甲基橙降解效果的影响.结果表明,在紫外光照射下,当甲基橙的初始浓度为5 mg/L,光催化水泥用量为3 g/L,水泥中TiO2含量为5%时,光催化效率最高;延长水泥水化龄期,光催化水泥对甲基橙的吸附性能和降解性能均有所下降;提高甲基橙初始浓度,可以增强光催化水泥对甲基橙的吸附性能,当初始浓度达到15 mg/L时,光催化水泥的吸附量可达54.5%.     

钒掺杂TiO_2粉体的制备及性能

严重的环境和能源问题推动了对以TiO2为主的半导体光催化材料的研究.金属阳离子掺杂TiO2,可以有效地提高光催化材料对可见光的响应及光催化性能.该文作者采用水相法制备以不同比率掺杂钒的TiO2粉体,并用H2SO4溶液浸渍处理,研究掺杂比率对粉体吸收光谱和光催化降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明:钒掺杂可以使TiO2粉体的光波长响应阈值移至600 nm左右,大大提高了TiO2对可见光的吸收;钒的掺杂比率(摩尔分数)为2.5%时,粉体在普通日光灯下照射6h,对甲基橙的降解率达到69%,高于纯TiO2粉体;硫酸修饰则提高了掺杂钒的TiO2粉体的光催化性.     

双通TiO2纳米管阵列光催化膜的研制

采用阳极氧化法,在钛箔上制备TiO2纳米管阵列,并利用HF气体去处其阻挡层,并作了SEM,Uv-Vis表征,表明获得了具有光催化性能的双通TiO2纳米管阵列.以双通TiO2纳米管阵列为光催化剂,在紫外光照射下进行甲基橙的降解实验,2 h内甲基橙降解率可以达到86%(A=484 nm),发现其光催化降解甲基橙的效果明显较好.     

铈或钕掺杂TiO2光催化陶瓷及其自洁净抗菌性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍提拉法在陶瓷表面覆盖了Ce或Nd掺杂的TiO2薄膜.稀土掺杂量为Ce/TiO2=0.007,Nd/TiO2=0.003(摩尔比)时,铈或钕掺杂TiO2光催化陶瓷分别对甲基橙的降解率最大.稀土掺杂TiO2光催化陶瓷对大肠杆菌的抗菌率高达99%,较纯TiO2光催化陶瓷的91%更高.     

TiO2掺杂CeO2催化超声降解甲基橙

以合成TiO2掺杂CeO2作为催化剂,以超声降解甲基橙反应为模型,研究了各种因素对TiO2掺杂CeO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液的影响。结果表明,在TiO2(掺杂CeO2)催化剂作用下超声降解甲基橙的效果明显优于单纯以锐钛矿型TiO2催化时的情况。TiO2(掺杂CeO2)用量为0.5 g/L～1.0 g/L、超声波频率为25 kHz、输出功率为1.0 W/cm2、pH值为1.0～3.0时,初始浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙水溶液在80 min左右基本可降解完全,COD的去除率达到了99.0%。     

水热法制备氮、铁共掺杂TiO_2研究

以钛酸正丁酯为前躯体,硝酸铵和九水硝酸铁为氮、铁掺杂源,利用水热法制备了氮、铁共掺杂TiO2粉体。采用XRD、FE-SEM、EDS、BET、FT-IR等手段对所制备粉体进行了表征。结果显示:共掺杂TiO2粉体为锐钛矿型,呈球状,粒径为9.2 nm,较高的比表面积201 m2/g。对甲基橙溶液的光降解实验结果表明,在350W氙灯(模拟自然光)条件下,共掺杂的TiO2对于甲基橙的降解率为96.4%,光催化活性高于P25。在太阳光下,光照4 h,对甲基橙的降解率达到84.5%。     

TiO2纳米管的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以TiO2和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备了TiO2纳米管（titania nanotube,简称TNT）,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对TiO2纳米管的结构与形貌进行了研究,以甲基橙（Methyl Orange）为反应物,考察了TiO2纳米管光催化降解甲基橙的效果。研究结果表明：400℃焙烧时,TiO2纳米管主晶相为钛酸,500℃焙烧时,其组成为锐钛矿相;制备的TiO2纳米管可以有效的降解甲基橙,且在光催化降解中起主要作用的是锐钛矿相。     

氧化镧掺杂TiO2纳米管的制备及光催化性能研究

用水热合成法制备了掺镧的TiO2纳米管。以甲基橙作为脱色对象,对掺镧TiO2纳米管、掺镧TiO2纳米粉末、TiO2纳米管的光催化进行现象对比研究,其中掺镧的TiO2纳米管催化活性最高,以TEM、XRD、BET等分析手段对其进行了表征,并对结果进行了分析与讨论。     

低量Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂TiO2制备及催化活性

利用溶胶-凝胶法在煅烧温度540℃制备了纯的和不同Gd^3＋／^3＋共掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体,并用XRD技术对样品进行了表征。研究了Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共杂量对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性的影响,利用相结构与纳米TiO2光催化活性关系探讨了Gd^2＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性。结果表明,与纯TiO2相比,适量共掺杂Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋可以显著提高其光催化活性。当Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂量为0．04％／0．04％,Ti02纳米粉体的光催化活性最佳,降解率为89．96％,其金红石相含量为32％,平均晶粒粒径为30nm,Gd^3＋／Fe^3＋共掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性。     

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2/V2O5 Composite Catalyst Doped with Rare Earth Ions

TiO2/V2O5 catalyst doped with rare earth ions was prepared by sol-gel method. Titanium tetrapropoxide and vanadium pentoxide were used as precursor of the composite catalyst and rare earth ions were used as dopant. The crystal phases, crystalline sizes, microstructure, absorption spectra of doped composite catalyst were studied by XRD, EDS, FT-IR and UV-Vis. Photoactivity of the prepared catalyst under ultraviolet irradiation were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange （MO） in aqueous solution. It is shown that the prepared catalyst is composed of anatase and futile. The rare earth ions are highly dispersed in composite catalyst. All the doped catalysts appear higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2/V2O5 catalyst and catalyst doped with Ce^4＋ present the best activity to MO.     

银掺杂二氧化钛及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备银掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TG-DSC 和UV-Vis等技术对其进行表征.以甲基橙为模拟污染物,考察催化剂的光催化活性,探讨煅烧温度和银掺杂量对光催化效率的影响.实验结果表明：银掺杂二氧化钛提高了二氧化钛在紫外光和可见光下的光催化活性;当Ag掺杂量为1.00%、煅烧温度为450℃、催化剂用量为0.05 g时,银掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂在可见光条件下降解4 h 后,降解率达到92.57%,是纯二氧化钛的4.51倍;紫外光条件下降解2 h达到84.54%,是纯二氧化钛的2.27倍.     

Preparation of TiO2/Hydroxyapatite Composite and Its Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange

A TiO2/hydroxyapatite composite (Ti-HAP) was prepared by a hydrothermal method with hydroxyapatite and titanium sulfate and tested for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with an 8?W ultraviolet (UV) lamp irradiation. The properties of Ti-HAP were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The effect of the Ti/(Ca+Ti) mole ratio on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange by Ti-HAP and the photocatalytic degradation dynamics were investigated. The results show that the addition of Ti slightly changes the structure of HAP. A higher Ti/(Ca+Ti) mole ratio results in the generation of anatase in Ti-HAP and higher removal efficiency of methyl orange by Ti-HAP under UV irradiation. The removal efficiency decreases with the initial content of methyl orange increasing from 10–200??mg/L. The photocatalytic degradation process of methyl orange by Ti-HAP and HAP follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics model.     

负载型TiO2/硅藻土复合光催化剂的研究

以四氯化钛为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了负载型TiO2，硅藻土复合光催化剂，并通过XRD，IR，SEM等手段对样品进行了表征。实验中分别以300W高压汞灯和太阳光为光源，研究了硅藻土载体上TiO2负载量不同对甲基橙溶液光催化氧化效果的影响。实验结果表明：复合光催化剂的催化性能随着TiO2负载量增大先提高，而后有所下降，其中以1g硅藻土与1．8ml四氯化钛制备的TiO2，硅藻土复合催化剂光催化活性最高。     

稀土改性Ni/TiO_2光催化剂及其重复利用催化活性

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La或Ce改性的0.3%Ni/TiO2(即La-Ni/TiO2或Ce-Ni/TiO2),考察了La-Ni/TiO2或Ce-Ni/TiO2在催化降解甲基橙水溶液过程中的重复利用性能,并用XRD、N2吸附-脱附以及XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征分析。研究表明,适宜La和Ce掺杂量(La/Ti、Ce/Ti摩尔比)分别为0.15%和0.1%,适宜焙烧温度为400℃。在酸性条件下(pH=3),La-Ni/TiO2和Ce-Ni/TiO2与Ni/TiO2光降解甲基橙的能力相当,但La或Ce掺杂使Ni/TiO2催化剂的重复使用能力提高。催化剂上存在低结合能的低价钛离子(如Ti3+),低价钛离子的含量和结合能大小是衡量催化剂光催化降解活性的重要因素。可能是La或Ce使催化剂在使用过程中低价钛离子得到较好保留,从而使催化剂活性得到较好维持,催化剂重复使用性能提高。     

金属离子掺杂对离子液辅助制备纳米TiO_2性能的影响

以过渡金属(Cr、Fe、Ni和Zn)掺杂为手段,以溶胶凝胶为制备方法,以离子液2—羟基咪唑甲酸盐为微观结构调控试剂,制备了TiO_2纳米粒子。将样品备好后,在500℃的条件下进行煅烧处理,用BET、XRD、DRS等手段进行结构表征,以酸性蓝92为模拟污染物对其光催化性能进行测定。研究结果表明,经过渡金属掺杂后的TiO_2纳米颗粒比纯TiO_2具有更高的比表面积和更小的粒径尺寸。过渡金属的掺杂使TiO_2的吸收光谱向可见光的方向移动。在紫外灯照射下,水溶液中酸性蓝92的光降解结果为:过渡金属离子的存在使TiO_2纳米颗粒的光催化活性得到了明显增强。     

Preparation of Nano-TiO2 Doped with Cerium and Its Photocatalytic Activity

Cerium-doped titanium dioxide nano-powders were prepared through the sol-gel method and the compound sampies were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS）. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water. The results of XRD, TEM, and DRS show that pure TiO2 and Ce-doped TiO2 powder crystallines are a mixture of anatase and rutile ; the doping can retard the development of the grain size of TiO2 and decrease the diameter of TiO2 from more than 20 nm of pure TiO2 to about 10 nm; the doped TiO2 can improve the light absorption of TiO2 and suitable doping content tends to move the DRS spectrum of TiO2 towards visible light, but too much doping is not good for the light absorption ability. The results of the photocatalytic experiments show that doping with Ce content of 0.08% -0.4% can increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2; however, doping with Ce content of 0.5% -2.5% can significantly decrease the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The favorite doping content is 0.4% in the range of our experiments.     

Ultrasonic Degradation of Methyl Orange in Presence of Y2O3 Doping Anatase TiO2 Catalyst

Various affecting factors and degradation mechanism were studied on ultrasonic degradation of methyl orange adopting Y2O3 doping anatase TiO2 catalyst prepared in laboratory.In the experiment, the UV-VIS spectrophotometer was used to follow and inspect the degradation process of methyl orange.The results indicate that the ultrasonic degradation ratios of methyl orange in the presence of anatase TiO2 catalyst are much better than those without catalyst.Moreover, the catalytic performance of Y2O3 doping anatase TiO2 catalyst is obviously higher than that of anatase TiO2 catalyst without doping.The optimal conditions were adopted in this work and the degradation and COD elimination ratio of methyl orange got to98% and 99.0% in 90 min, respectively.