水中藻类检测技术改进

通过简述藻类对自来水生产工艺和水质的影响,分析了我国自来水行业中藻类检测现状,提出了行之有效的水源水、饮用水中藻类鉴定方法及快捷检测技术.     

广州市西北部三座水厂全部置换西江水源

结合广州市西北部江村、石门和西村水厂置换西江水源的实际情况,从水量调配、生产运行保障、原水切换操作和原水源应急设备管理等几个方面开展水厂水源置换工作,实现了原水源到西江水源的平稳过渡,确保了水源切换过程中水质安全.广州市西北部水厂置换西江水源,出厂水水质全面达到了《生活饮用水卫生标准》( GB 5749-2006)和《饮用净水水质标准》(CJ 94-2005),从根本上提高了中心城区的供水水质.     

考察美国自来水厂随感

1　 保护水源优质的源水是生产出优质饮用水的先决条件。在美国 ,政府及水行政部门相当重视水源保护工作 ,可以说是不遗余力的。参观所到之水厂 ,其源水均取自于污染较小的水库、河流或渠道 ,源水水质均好于我国地表水水质标准中的二类水质 ,浊度一般均为 2 0～ 30ＮＴＵ。水源的保护需要长期的努力和艰苦的工作 ,美国各地的水行政部门为此制定了一系列的法规来保护水源及防止水污染。同时 ,他们也十分重视源水及其输水系统的管理 ,输水渠道沿线用铁丝网封闭 ,并设有报警装置以防人为污染及减少周围环境的影响 ,如洛杉矶地区的水源主要通过 …     

饮用水深度处理技术现状及研究

新国标的制定对出厂水水质提出了更高的要求,而我国水源水受到有机物、氨、氮、磷及有毒污染物较低浓度污染状况又日趋严重,突发性水源水质污染事件频发,常规水处理工艺又难以生产出符合新国标水质标准的饮用水。因此强化常规水处理工艺,加大力度研究并推广饮用水的深度处理工艺就显得尤为重要。指出了我国水处理行业所面临的困难局面,并综合概述了我国饮用水处理技术的研究程度和发展状况。     

石臼漾水源生态湿地工程的水质改善效果

嘉兴市石臼漾水源生态湿地工程是我国目前最大的城市饮用水源处理系统,成为我国微污染水源水质改善的成功范例,已稳定运行4年。对该湿地近3年的水质改善效果研究表明,经过湿地净化,饮用水源水的DO、TP、NH3-N、粪大肠菌群等主要指标提高了一个等级,湿地的主体功能区即根孔生态净化区和深度净化区发挥着相辅相成的净化作用;湿地水质净化效果的季节性变化明显,通常夏、秋暖季的净化效果较好,而冬、春冷季的效果较差;湿地运行3年期间对氨氮的去除效果和DO浓度的增长呈逐年上升趋势,而对浊度、Fe、Mn和TN的去除效果则逐年下降。另外,分析了湿地目前存在的主要问题并提出了相应的对策建议。     

电凝聚/膜一体化装置处理微污染地表水的研究

针对目前饮用水源污染日益严重、在无自来水设施的地区生活用水水质得不到保障的现状，采用电凝聚工艺处理微污染地表水，考察了其对水源水中细菌、浊度、CODMn的去除效果，并在此基础上研制了便携式电凝夥膜一体化装置，采用该装置对东湖水和长江水进行了处理．出水水质符合城镇供水水质标准的要求。     

水质综合毒性在线监测技术探讨

水质预警系统中,应用生物监测技术对饮用水源水质进行综合毒性监测和预警.由于具有反应敏感、监测快速、可靠性高、成本低等优势,在我国水源水质监测中开始受到重视.本文通过对现有的多种水质综合毒性在线监测系统产品,从技术原理、敏感性、稳定性、成本、操作使用等方面进行对比,以期能够对将来在研究或应用中的产品优选起到帮助作用.     

生物预处理对富营养化水源水净化的研究

在分析源水水质的基础上 ,针对传统水处理工艺净化富营养化水源水存在的问题 ,提出了采用生物预处理工艺处理富营养化水源水的研究方案 ,并对研究方案水源水中的各主要污染物的处理效果进行了分析。     

饮用水中的氨氮问题

对当前我国地面水环境污染状况进行了归纳,认为氨氮污染是我国饮用水处理中普遍面临的问题。对饮用水中氨氮浓度过高可能产生的水质问题进行了探讨,认为可能造成饮用水中亚硝酸盐浓度过高。国内外饮用水标准的比较表明,欧洲国家对饮用水中氨氮有严格的要求,我国对水源水的氨氮限值有规定,但饮用水标准中没有规定,应该逐步推行氨氮标准。目前去除氨氮的最好方法是生物预处理技术。     

构筑生态湿地改善桐乡市西部水源水质探讨

分析了嘉兴市石臼漾湿地、贯泾港湿地、海宁市长水塘湿地、泰山港湿地等水源生态湿地和盐城市区饮用水源盐龙湖工程的工艺流程和净化效果。结合现状环境条件,认为建设桐乡市西部饮用水源生态湿地切实可行,且可参照嘉兴地区的水源生态湿地模式。实施桐乡市西部饮用水源生态湿地工程能够满足规划取水规模的目标,较显著地改善原水水质,达到集中式饮用水源水质的标准要求。建议在生态湿地设计中,充分考虑现状,对可能出现的问题做好防范,保证湿地的稳定运行,确保水质达标,保障供水安全。     

昆山市给水工程改善水质的措施

介绍了昆山市的供水现状以及已实施的、将要实施的一系列改善水质的措施，包括：在全市实施区域供水，逐步用以阳澄湖为水源的规模化水厂替代分散在各镇、村的以地下水和内河、湖泊水为水源的水厂；实施水源生态保护工程，改善原水水质；改进水处理工艺，提高供水水质；对受到微污染的原水采用生物预处理和臭氧活性炭深度处理；实施分质供水。     

嘉兴饮用水处理技术的发展与回顾

嘉兴市地处杭嘉湖平原,饮用水水源为地表河网水,历史上受到严重的污染。回顾了近40年来,随着水源水质的变化和饮用水标准的不断提高,嘉兴饮用水处理技术的应对措施和发展历程,总结了从常规处理工艺到生物预处理工艺、深度处理工艺以及水源湿地技术的发展必要性和特点,尤其是根据科学原理,以工程技术措施系统解决冬季低温期除氨氮的难题,为饮用水厂的建设和发展提供了一个技术思路。     

Potential impact of chlorination of Sandy bottom swimming areas on drinking water sources

The concentrations of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, disinfection by‐products (DBPs) of chlorine, were measured in sandy bottom swimming areas to determine their potential impact on surface and ground water that are sources of drinking water. Total trihalomethanes and individual haloacetic acid concentrations in several swimming area samples were higher than the drinking water standards (current and proposed). Individual trihalomethanes (except bromoform) also exceeded ground and surface water release standards. No release standard exists for haloacetic acids. The DBPs, while exceeding standards, would be diluted by the ground water and microbially degraded prior to reaching the drinking water plant. So while DBPs from swimming areas contributed to groundwater concentrations, the current drinking water standards could still be met using source waters impacted by chlorinated swimming areas. It is suggested, though, that any release of chlorinated DBPs to surface and ground water be minimized to obtain the highest quality water sources for drinking water.     

Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality

Protecting drinking source water quality is a critical step in ensuring a safe supply of drinking water. Increasingly, drinking source water protection programs rely on the active participation of various stakeholders with differing degrees of water science knowledge. A drinking source water quality index presents a potential communication and analysis tool to facilitate cooperation between diverse interest groups as well as represent composite water quality. We tested the effectiveness of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) in capturing expert assessments of drinking water quality. In cooperation with a panel of drinking water quality experts we identified a core set of parameters to reflect common source water concerns. Drinking source water target values were drafted for use in the index corresponding to two basic treatment levels. Index scores calculated using the core parameter set and associated source water target values were strongly correlated with expert assessments of water quality. We recommend a modified index calculation procedure to accommodate parameters measured at different frequencies within any particular study period. The resulting drinking source water CCME WQI provides a valuable means of monitoring, communicating, and understanding surface source water quality.     

Developments in Health-Related Quality Standards for Chemicals in Drinking Water

Small differences in water quality standards can mean huge differences in costs for water treatment; difficulties which are compounded by standards for which the derivation is unclear, such as the EC drinking water Directive. Such situations give no indication of the margin of safety for a parameter or the significance to consumers of exceedances. The WHO Guidelines are being revised and will be presented so that the precise derivation of the numbers is absolutely clear. The scientific and quasi-scientific considerations can be separated and the user given the appropriate information to adapt the guidelines to particular circumstances. In deriving standards for toxicological data the factors incorporated reflect uncertainties in the data and extrapolation from animals to man. Understanding the mechanisms of toxicity or carcinogenicity can reduce the uncertainty and improve the quality of the standard, often allowing higher figures to be used with confidence that public health will not be comprised.     

Accounting for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Public Water Supplies

Asset management plans were prepared in 1989 and 1994 by water companies in England and Wales for submission to the Office of Water Services. These plans constituted the financial programming required by water companies to meet specified standards of service, particularly with respect to water quality. Detailed studies have previously established that problems associated with iron from unlined ferrous mains, particularly in soft water areas, is often the main cost 'driver'for water distribution investment. However, many of the so-called unlined iron mains were treated with a coal-tar pitch lining for corrosion protection before installation, and residues of this painted lining can give rise to unsatisfactory levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drinking water.
The paper describes how desk-study research, followed by the development and application of a modified 'focused downstream series sampling'water-quality modelling technique allowed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to be accounted for in two water company asset management plan submissions. The paper also raises a number of fundamental implications with respect to the occurrence of these carcinogenic compounds in drinking water.     

三亚市崖城水厂净水工艺流程设计

新建三亚市崖城水厂是三亚市多水源水厂之一,供水量10万m3/d,引大隆水库水为源水(Ⅰ类源水水质,属贫营养水库,仅有时长藻),经比较采用成熟,常规水处理工艺流程——机械搅拌混合,竖向折板絮凝,平流沉淀,气水反冲V型过滤,出厂水可达到或优于国标《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB5749-2006要求。     

油田地区微污染地下水净化系统的设计

针对油田地区地下水中含有石油、锰、铁等污染物的特点,采用臭氧、生物活性炭及超滤集成技术进行处理,设计了一套产量为1 200 m3/d的饮用水净化系统.运行结果显示,该工艺处理效果稳定可靠,出水水质符合国家饮用水卫生标准.     

黄浦江上游水源地的水环境特征及保护对策

黄浦江上游江段是上海市最大的供水水源地，确保其水量和水质对于保障上海市的饮用水安全有着十分重要的意义。为此，重点分析了黄浦江上游可利用水资源的组成和近十年来的水质变化趋势，以及上游主要水功能区的水质现状和入河排污量，并提出了水环境治理、引清调水、水功能区管理、保护规划、信息预警等水源地保护对策。