Ti-55531近β合金轧板拉伸性能各向异性研究

Ti-55531针片状α组织在750_^oC热轧,通过分析微观组织及宏观织构研究了Ti-55531近β合金轧板塑性及极限抗拉强度的各向异性。结果表明,Ti-55531合金轧板内的α相垂直于受力方向分布,并且存在明显的α相织构。α相形貌的取向性使得沿轧向(RD)拉伸时的裂纹扩展阻力大于沿横向(TD)拉伸,从而具有更好的塑性。宏观织构造成沿RD和TD拉伸滑移系和孪晶的启动存在明显的差异,从而导致沿TD方向拉伸时具有更高的极限抗拉强度。     

Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo电子束焊接接头组织性能研究

对Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo合金的电子束焊接接头开展研究,焊接接头熔合区由B₂相柱状晶和分布在上下边缘的少量枝状晶组成,并且沿中心轴对称分布。对焊接接头进行了850_oC/2hr/AC(时效)与980_oC/2hr+850_oC/24hr/AC(固溶+时效)两种热处理,时效态接头熔合区的B₂相中析出了大量针状O相,而固溶+时效态熔合区的O相更为粗大,且α₂相重新形成。两种热处理后接头的常温拉伸性能相近,但在高温下时效态接头的强度稍高。固溶+时效态接头的650_oC持久寿命高于时效态,失效模式都为沿晶断裂。     

时效硬化Mg-10Y-1.5Sm合金的强度稳定性

采用组织分析和拉伸试验,研究了时效硬化Mg-10Y-1.5Sm(质量分数,%)合金抗拉强度的稳定性。结果表明,Mg-10Y-1.5Sm合金的显微组织由α-Mg基体和Mg₂₄Y₅相组成,没有发现含Sm相的生成。随着温度从20 _oC升高到300 _oC,合金的抗拉强度均高于200 MPa,没有明显变化。合金强度对温度不敏感,变化幅度低于10 MPa。其抗拉强度稳定性优于发展最为成功的商用耐热镁合金WE54,原因可主要归结于因Sm固溶而增强的强化相Mg₂₄Y₅硬度的稳定性。     

三元共晶成分Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2粉体及陶瓷的制备与组织性能研究

本文采用醇水共沉淀法制备了三元共晶成分Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂粉体,在600-1350_oC温度范围煅烧后研究其物相转变过程。经1300_oC煅烧后Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂共晶成分粉体的物相由α-Al₂O₃、c-ZrO₂和YAG构成,且具有α-Al₂O₃相包裹c-ZrO₂相的特殊结构。将煅烧粉体在1550_oC下热压烧结,制备具有内晶型结构的共晶成分Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂复相陶瓷,其致密度、室温抗弯强度、断裂韧性和高温(1000_oC)抗弯强度分别为98.8%、420 MPa、3.69 MPa.m_1/2和464 MPa,并对复相陶瓷组织结构的形成机理进行了探讨。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金高温氧化行为及显微组织研究

分析了Ti-6Al-4V合金在900 _oC,930 _oC,960 _oC温度下的氧化行为及表层显微组织变化。在0.5-24 h时间内,氧化层不断增厚,越靠近表面氧化层越疏松。氧含量在氧化层/富氧层界面的5 μm内发生急剧下降,进入富氧层后缓慢下降直到稳定。氧化层中以TiO₂为主,同时也出现了Al₂O₃。富氧层中的a相含量远远高于基体内部,其晶粒尺寸也发生长大。富氧层深度与热暴露时间的关系可用对数函数描述,通过线性回归分析计算出了O在富氧层中的扩散激活能为206 kJ/mol。     

强织构AZ31镁合金板材深低温轧制过程中微观组织演变及力学性能控制研究

取初始织构为c轴与板面法向垂直的强织构AZ31镁合金板材为初始样品,经液氮温度深低温轧制多道次至不同变形量,研究所得轧制板材的显微组织与织构演变,及其对轧制力学性能的影响。利用SEM、EBSD和XRD表征分析了轧制板材的显微组织和织构,应用准静态单轴拉伸实验分别测试了深低温轧制板材沿轧向(RD)和横向(TD)的室温力学性能。研究表明,{1012}拉伸孪晶是深低温轧制强织构AZ31镁合金板材中的主导孪晶类型,其对轧制板材的微观组织和织构影响较为显著。轧制变形后,大量的拉伸孪晶晶界不但对晶粒起到了分割碎化作用,并且由于孪晶对取向的剧烈改变,使得板材在轧制变形后c轴平行于ND的织构组分加强。深冷轧制板材的强度有所提高,但是延伸率却急剧下降,沿着RD方向的强度要高于TD方向的强度。     

温轧对6061铝合金铸轧板材显微组织和力学性能的影响

文主要是研究温轧对双辊铸轧6061铝合金板材进行处理,观察不同温轧温度及累积压下量对铸轧板材的影响。采用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD),显微硬度仪和万能拉伸机等设备,观察了铸轧板材及温轧板材的显微组织,获得了材料的硬度、强度和延伸率等力学性能。研究表明,铸轧6061合金中主要含有耐热相Al0.7Fe3Si0.3、Al9Fe0.84Mn2.16Si及少量强化相Mg₂Si。合金中第二相随温轧道次的递增逐渐由网格状、片状转变为沿轧制方向的线条状,最终变为细小的颗粒状。经过温轧后,产生新的析出相Al0.5Fe3Si0.5且Mg₂Si析出相增多。铸轧板材温轧后,硬度随压下量的增大呈线性递增,且当温轧温度为370℃时,硬度曲线斜率最大为2.42114。此时细小的AlFeSi类析出相及Mg₂Si强化相均匀弥散分布于合金中,板材的硬度最大,可达84.28 HV,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为209.34 MPa、79.09 MPa和20.11％。     

室温及液氮控温对轧制态Al-Sc合金力学性能及织构的影响

通过显微硬度、拉伸性能测试、显微组织分析、扫描电镜分析以及背散射电子衍射分析,研究了室温与液氮控温80%轧制变形对Al-Sc合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:室温轧制与液氮控温轧制后合金的硬度分别为105 HV0.3和162 HV0.3,抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别为335 MPa、296 MPa、5.5%和443 MPa、415 MPa、6.7%;轧制后合金中多为小角度晶界,室温与液氮控温轧制后平均晶粒尺寸分别为40 μm和1 μm;由于层错能的影响,合金液氮控温轧制之后的主要织构类型为Brass织构{110}<112>、S织构{123}<634>和 Copper织构{112}<111>。     

液相对ZnO陶瓷放电等离子体烧结过程的影响

本文采用放电等离子体烧结技术制备了ZnO陶瓷,主要研究了液相(醋酸溶液)的添加对烧结过程的影响。结果表明,通过对初始粉料添加微量的2 mol/L的醋酸溶液,在等离子体烧结过程中,ZnO陶瓷试样在52 _^oC开始收缩,115 _^oC开始致密化,160 _^oC致密度可达95%以上,200 _^oC度即可完成致密化。在250 ℃烧结5 min后,晶粒尺寸从初始粉体的200 nm增长到600 nm。X衍射结果表明,在液相辅助等离子烧结过程中,ZnO陶瓷中未出现明显杂相,并且晶粒生长表现出沿外施压力垂直的方向取向生长。通过计算发现液相辅助等离子体烧结ZnO陶瓷,其晶粒生长活化能仅为78.8 kJ/mol,约为传统高温烧结的三分之一。ZnO陶瓷试样的室温阻抗结果表明,晶界阻抗随烧结温度的升高而下降,从120 _^oC烧结试样的9.82×10_⁶ W下降到250 _^oC烧结试样的2.75×10_³ W。     

热处理对选择性激光熔炼IN718显微组织和力学性能的影响

选择性激光熔炼(SLM)建立在激光熔覆/沉积基础上,能够由粉末直接制备或修复近成形高性能部件。选择性激光熔炼部件优异的力学性能是保证其用于航空发动机产品的先决条件。镍基高温合金IN718广泛用于制备航空发动机中的高性能部件。在过去的研究中,利用预合金化IN718合金粉末,通过选择性激光熔炼制备出增材制造部件。通过优化激光沉积过程试验参数,以最大限度地降低气孔率。对沉积态、直接时效态、固溶时效态、均匀化后固溶时效态四种状态激光沉积IN718合金的显微组织和力学性能进行了对比分析。拉伸试验结果显示,直接时效态合金强度最高,均匀化后固溶时效态合金塑性最好。综合考虑三种热处理状态的室温和高温拉伸试验结果,均匀化后固溶时效态试样不仅具有优于锻态AMS标准的强度,而且有很好的塑性。因此,选择均匀化后固溶时效处理作为选择性激光熔炼IN718合金的热处理方式。考察了该种热处理状态合金的650_oC/700MPa和725MPa持久性能和455_oC低周疲劳性能,并与锻态IN718进行了对比。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的轧制与组织性能

采用光学显微镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验等手段,研究了多道次两向轧制和单向轧制对不同原始状态(热轧态、水淬态和空冷态)Ti-6Al-4V合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,热轧态Ti-6Al-4V合金的组织为片状α相+β相+少量等轴α相,水淬态Ti-6Al-4V合金形成了针状马氏体组织,空冷态Ti-6Al-4V合金形成了网状组织。Ti-6Al-4V合金适宜的两向轧制温度为700 ℃,此时合金中可见颗粒状β相弥散分布在α基体上。两向轧制Ti-6Al-4V合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度从高至低顺序为:水淬态>热轧态>空冷态,且轧向强度要高于横向;相较于单向轧制,两向轧制明显降低了Ti-6Al-4V合金板材拉伸性能的各向异性,且水淬态Ti-6Al-4V合金的轧向和横向强度差异最小,700 ℃轧制Ti-6Al-4V合金的主要细化机制为位错细化。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的织构(英文)

采用W-Re合金搅拌头对α+β双相Ti-6Al-4V钛合金进行搅拌摩擦焊并在合适的工艺参数下获得无缺陷焊缝,利用取向成像显微镜对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的织构进行研究。Ti-6Al-4V钛合金母材为轧制退火态,组织由变形的初生α相和转变β组织构成,具有典型的轧制织构。焊核区组织与母材明显不同,由大量的等轴动态再结晶晶粒组成,并在搅拌摩擦焊过程中形成{φ1=30°,φ=62°,φ2=30°}取向的织构。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的温轧织构演变

本研究采用取向分布函数(ODF)详细分析了具有等轴组织的Ti-6Al-4V热轧退火板在450、600和750℃下经过约45%的温轧压下量后沿层厚的宏观织构演变。结果表明采用多道次温轧的方法成功获得可改善Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能各向异性的纤维织构ND//hkil和基面织构(0001)[2110]或(0001)[1210]。而且,轧板通体上均形成了ND//hkil纤维织构,中心层的横向织构(1210)[1010]随轧制温度而变化,表层的基面织构通过位错滑移累积剪切应变而产生,且基面织构的形成路径依赖于初始取向。     

添加晶粒细化剂硅对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织和性能的影响(英文)

采用真空感应凝壳熔炼工艺在石墨模中制备Ti-6Al-4V和Ti6Al4V0.5Si两种钛合金。将硅作为一种晶粒细化剂加入到Ti-6Al-4V合金中,考察添加硅对铸态和模锻态Ti-6Al-4V合金组织和性能的影响。铸态合金先在900°C下进行热模锻处理,然后分别进行两种不同的热处理。一种是将模锻样品在1050°C下保温30min,然后水淬以获得细小的层片状组织;另一种是将模锻件在1050°C下保温30min,然后再在800°C下保温30min,以获得粗大的层片状组织。Ti6-Al-4V合金中添加0.5%Si后,铸态合金的晶粒尺寸从627μm减小到337μm,其极限抗拉强度增加约25MPa。具有细小、层片状组织的Ti-6Al-4V0.5Si合金的最大极限抗拉强度为1380MPa,在Hank溶液和NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速度分别为1.35×106和5.78×104mm/a。Ti-6Al-4V合金中添加0.5%Si后,在低滑动速度下的磨损率降低50%,在高滑动速度下的磨损率降低约73%。     

TiC-TiB2陶瓷与Ti6Al4V熔化连接及层状复合材料制备

通过引入Ti-6Al-4V合金板,采用超重力场燃烧合成技术,在制备细晶TiC-TiB2凝固陶瓷的同时,实现了陶瓷-钛合金的熔化扩散焊,进而制备出具有成分梯度特征的陶瓷-钛合金层状复合材料.陶瓷-钛合金层间接头组织表明,正是因超重力场燃烧合成的爆燃特性及超重力场对燃烧产物形成的高温真空环境,使得钛合金表面发生熔化,进而发生液态陶瓷-钛合金液相层间的原子互扩散现象,故在陶瓷-钛合金连接区形成钛合金与富钛碳化物呈相间分布且细小TiB2片晶镶嵌其上的凝固组织,并使陶瓷-钛合金接头呈现成分梯度特征,进而使得陶瓷-钛合金的连接抗剪强度达到450 MPa±35 MPa,层状复合材料硬度从陶瓷至钛合金一侧则呈线性逐渐减小.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of large size Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y alloy pancake produced by pack-forging

A pancake of Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y (at.%) alloy with dimensions of ϕ480 mm × 46 mm was fabricated by pack-forging with a thick reduction of 80%. The as-forged Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y alloy pancake has a duplex (DP) microstructure, which is composed of B2/α₂/γ lamellar colonies and massive B2 and γ phase regions distributed along the boundaries between the lamellar colonies. Different microstructures were obtained by heat treatment of samples cut from the as-forged Ti-43Al-9V-0.2Y alloy pancake. A fully lamellar (FL) structure consisting of B2/α₂/γ lamellar colonies was obtained after the heat treatment of 1350 °C/8 h. Tensile test results exhibited that the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the alloy with DP microstructure were decreased from 680.7 MPa to 834.3 MPa at room temperature to 589.5 MPa and 693.1 MPa at 700 °C, respectively, and the elongation (δ) of the alloy with DP microstructure was increased from 1.99% at room temperature to 12.12% at 700 °C; the elongation (δ) of the alloy with FL microstructure was increased from 1.52% at room temperature to 85.84% at 800 °C.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of hot-pack rolled Ti-43Al-9V-Y alloy sheet

Ti-43Al-9V-Y alloy sheets with dimensions of 300 mm×100 mm×(1.5–2) mm were produced by hot-pack rolling. After rolling, the microstructure of Ti-43Al-9V-Y alloy sheet becomes near gamma(NG), which is comprised of γ+B2 phases. After heat treatment(HT) at 1 200−1 320 °C for 30 min followed by furnace cooling(FC), network shape structure of B2 phases in as-rolled microstructure is retained on the whole. Moreover, with increasing the HT temperature, precipitation of B2 phase lamellae in equiaxed γ grains is increased. Equiaxed γ grains transform partly to α₂/γ/B2 lamellar structure after the heat treatment at 1 320 °C for 30 min. Tensile test results show that room-temperature yield strength(YS) and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of the as-rolled material are 509 and 612 MPa, respectively. With the test temperature increasing, the YS and UTS of the as-rolled are decreased, but the elongation is improved. After HT at 1 200 °C, both yield strength and fracture strength of Ti-43Al-9V-Y alloy sheet are the lowest. With HT temperature increasing, fracture strength is increased obviously, but yield strength of the sheet after HT at 1 280 °C is the highest, about 869 MPa.     

织构对Zr-4合金低周寿命的影响

采用XRD测定了Zr-4合金板材的织构，用拉扭试验机分别测试了Zr-4合金板材在室温时轧向（R试样，拉伸轴平行于轧向）和横向（T试样，拉伸轴平行于横向）的低周疲劳性能，用TEM研究了Zr-4合金的疲劳亚结构。结果表明：Zr-4合金板材存在明显的织构：轧向的低周疲劳性能高于横向；在循环变形过程中，只有部分晶粒发生了塑性变形，发生塑性变形的晶粒内存在着许多位错和滑移线，T试样中的位错和滑移线比R试样更稠密。板材织构造成了R试样和T试样的低周疲劳寿命。     

Oxidation characteristics of Ti3Al-Nb alloys and improvement in the oxidation resistance by pack aluminizing

The oxidation behavior of three T_i3-Al-Nb alloys: Ti-25Al-11Nb, Ti-24Al-20Nb, and Ti-22Al-20Nb was investigated in the temperature range of 700–900°C in air. The uncoated alloy Ti-25Al-11Nb showed the lowest weight gain with nearly parabolic oxidation rate; while the other two alloys had much higher weight gain, accompanied by excessive oxide scale spalling. The scale analysis, using XRD, SEMIEDAX, and AES revealed that the scale was a mixture of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Nb₂O₅ with the outer layer rich in TiO₂. The effect of variation in Al and Nb content on the oxidation behavior is discussed. A decrease in Al content of the alloy adversely affects the oxidation resistance; and it seems that a Nb content as high as 20 at.% is also not beneficial. Hence these alloys, especially Ti-24Al-20Nb and Ti-22Al-20Nb, should not be used in the as-received condition above 750°C. An attempt was made to improve the oxidation resistance of these alloys by pack aluminizing which led to the formation of an Al rich TiAl₃ surface layer doped with Nb. The coating process was gaseous-diffusion controlled with a parabolic Al deposition rate. The weight gains for the aluminized alloy specimens oxidized at 900°C in air were much lower than that of the uncoated specimens. The weight gains were further decreased in the case of Si-modified aluminized specimens. The scale analysis revealed an alumina-rich scale with some amount of titania doped with Nb. The improvement in the oxidation resistance of the pack-aluminized alloys at 900°C is attributable to the formation of the alumina-rich oxide scale. The addition of Si to the aluminizing pack seems to promote further the growth of an alumina-rich scale by lowering the oxygen partial pressure in the system.