超音速火焰喷涂制备Fe基非晶涂层的组织结构及耐蚀性

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术,在锅炉管束受热面制备Fe基非晶涂层,研究涂层的表面、截面微观形貌,并进行电化学腐蚀测试。结果表明:采用超音速火焰喷涂技术在锅炉管束受热面制备了Fe基非晶涂层,涂层孔隙率为2%,涂层显微硬度为832.4 HV;在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液电化学测试表现出较宽的钝化区和较高的自腐蚀电位,表明该非晶涂层具有较好的耐蚀性。     

HVAP 及 HVOF 工艺制备 WC10Co4Cr 复合涂层及其性能研究

目的对比研究超音速等离子喷涂(HVAP)技术与超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术制备WC10Co4Cr涂层,并根据涂层组织形貌与电化学特性判断两种工艺的优劣。方法采用SEM及XRD分析WC10Co4Cr复合涂层的微观形貌和物相,在3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl溶液中对涂层进行电化学分析。结果 WC10Co4Cr涂层由较大的WC颗粒及粘结相组成,在喷涂过程中WC颗粒不断累积形成层片状结构,涂层有较小程度的失碳,形成了具有脆性的W2C。电化学极化测试表明,超音速等离子喷涂技术制备的涂层表现出优异的抗电化学腐蚀性能。结论超音速等离子喷涂技术制备的WC10Co4Cr涂层显微硬度为1197HV,孔隙率为0.50%,腐蚀电位为-0.3947 V,腐蚀电流密度为9.19×10-7A/cm2,腐蚀速率为1.01×10-2g/(m2·h),腐蚀深度为1.09×10-2mm/a,具有与超音速火焰喷涂涂层相似的耐腐蚀性能。     

Cr3C2-25%（Ni,Cr）超音速火焰喷涂层的耐磨及耐蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂技术在奥氏体不锈钢上制备了Cr3C2-25%(Ni,Cr)金属陶瓷涂层。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、高速高温摩擦磨损试验机和电化学分析仪研究了涂层的显微组织、相结构、耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,该金属陶瓷涂层主要由(Ni,Cr)相、Cr3C2和Cr7C3组成,而且致密、硬度高,与基材结合牢固。涂层的高温磨损可分为黏结相切削和随后的碳化物剥落两个阶段,碳化物的剥落对涂层的磨损起主导作用。涂层在3.5%ZnCl2溶液中具有优良的耐蚀性,其腐蚀产物中含Ni、Cr元素而无Fe的氧化物,说明涂层对基体具有良好的保护作用。     

汽车活塞环表面Ni60A-Cr2O3复合涂层的制备与性能

采用超声速等离子喷涂法在汽车活塞环用45钢表面制备了Ni60A-Cr2O3复合涂层,通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),摩擦磨损试验,电化学试验和浸泡腐蚀试验研究了Cr2O3含量对Ni60A-Cr2O3复合涂层物相组成、显微组织、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:Ni60A-Cr2O3复合涂层中除有增强相Cr2O3外,还含有FeNi3、Fe(C,B)6和Cr23C6等含Cr析出相;随着复合涂层中Cr2O3含量的增加,复合涂层的磨损量呈现先减小而后增加的趋势,在Cr2O3质量分数为35%时磨损量最小,Ni60A-Cr2O3复合涂层中适宜的Cr2O3添加量为35%;Ni60A涂层和35%Cr2O3+65%Ni60A复合涂层的磨损机制分别为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损;极化曲线测试结果和浸泡腐蚀试验结果都表明,在1.5mol/L H2SO4和3.5%NaCl溶液中,35%Cr2O3+65%Ni60A复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能都要优于Ni60A涂层的。     

氧化物陶瓷封孔对热喷涂Inconel 625涂层热腐蚀行为的影响

目的 为了提高热喷涂涂层在苛刻环境下的耐蚀性,采用封孔剂对热喷涂涂层进行封孔,研究封孔对涂层抗热腐蚀性能的影响。方法 采用超音速火焰喷涂在20#钢表面制备Inconel 625涂层。采用正硅酸乙酯作为封孔剂基料,Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、CeO2等氧化物为填料,制备了封孔剂,采用封孔剂对制备的涂层进行封孔。研究了封孔剂对涂层耐蚀性能的影响,将封孔和未封孔的涂层涂覆75%Na2SO4+25%NaCl混合盐膜后,在650 ℃下进行腐蚀,间隔一定时间取出样品称量,获得腐蚀动力学曲线。采用XRD、SEM、EDS对高温腐蚀产物成分、结构、形貌进行分析。结果 未封孔的Inconel 625涂层腐蚀160 h后增重约4.4 mg/cm2。表面腐蚀产物有双层结构,外层富Ni较疏松、多孔,内层富Cr较为致密。同时涂层/腐蚀层界面一侧有S元素富集。封孔层在高温熔盐中轻微熔解,封孔样品腐蚀160 h后,失重仅约0.45 mg/cm2。在腐蚀过程中Ni通过封孔层向外扩散并被氧化,生成的氧化物可填补封孔层缺陷。涂层/封孔层界面形成富Cr2O3的氧化层,进一步提高了封孔涂层的抗热腐蚀性能。结论 封孔层提高了涂层致密性,能有效抑制腐蚀介质在热喷涂涂层中的扩散,封孔能明显提高Inconel625涂层的抗热腐蚀性能。     

45CT和NiCr/Cr3C2涂层在模拟烟气中的热腐蚀行为

目的采用超音速火焰喷涂技术在P12钢表面制备45CT和NiCr/Cr_3C_2涂层,研究两种涂层样品的热腐蚀行为和机理。方法将样品表面涂覆75%Na_2SO_4+25%NaCl(质量配比)混合盐膜后,置于650℃含0.15%SO_2(体积分数)的模拟烟气中进行腐蚀,间隔一定时间取出样品进行质量称取,获得腐蚀动力学曲线。采用XRD、SEM/EDS对喷涂层和热腐蚀产物的成分、形貌、物相进行分析。结果采用超音速火焰喷涂制备的涂层结构致密、孔隙率低。腐蚀过程中样品整体表现为增重,但增重过程中有失重,NiCr/Cr_3C_2后期失重比45CT严重。45CT和NiCr/Cr_3C_2涂层均生成了耐蚀性良好的致密Cr_2O_3,而NiCr/Cr_3C_2涂层样品在涂层/基体界面还生成了氧化物和硫化物层,易导致涂层与基体界面弱结合。结论在650℃含0.15%SO_2的模拟烟气条件下,45CT涂层样品表现出了比NiCr/Cr_3C_2更好的抗热腐蚀性能。     

纳米 NiCrBSi-TiB2 涂层在硫酸熔盐中的热腐蚀行为研究

目的研究纳米NiCrBSi-TiB2涂层在800℃下的Na2SO4-30%(质量分数)K2SO4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为。方法采用超音速火焰技术在中碳钢表面喷涂纳米NiCrBSi-TiB2涂层,以饱和Na2SO4-30%K2SO4溶液为腐蚀介质,研究该涂层在800℃时的热腐蚀行为。结果微米涂层晶粒粗大,Si的扩散系数低,易出现贫Si富Cr层,形成的Cr2O3膜在碱性熔盐中具有较低的溶解度,对涂层具有良好的保护作用。结论微米涂层在Na2SO4-30%K2SO4熔盐中具有更优的抗热腐蚀性能。     

超音速火焰喷涂Ni-CeO2复合涂层的数值模拟及耐磨耐腐蚀性能

超音速火焰喷涂因其制备的涂层具有优异性能而被航空航天、石油化工等领域广泛使用，其工艺参数较为复杂且对涂层质量具有重要影响，但对其制备Ni基涂层的工艺参数选择及涂层性能研究相对较少。采用数值模拟的方法对超音速火焰喷涂Ni基涂层进行模拟，并对焰流与粒子特性进行分析；利用模拟指导试验，在316L不锈钢基体上成功制备Ni-CeO₂复合涂层；对复合涂层组织形貌及耐磨耐腐蚀性能做进一步研究。研究结果表明：当氧气煤油比等于3，注入颗粒粒径在20～80μm时，喷涂工艺最优；在添加CeO₂后，复合涂层的耐磨性能耐腐蚀性能均得到提升，且当CeO₂含量为1 wt.%时，涂层硬度最大，摩擦因数最低，其摩擦因数相较于基体降低了39.8%，相较于Ni基涂层降低了22.2%，其耐磨性能相较于Ni基涂层提升了62.5%。探究了超音速火焰喷涂工艺参数对喷涂系统状态的影响，分析了添加CeO₂在复合涂层中的作用，对超音速火焰喷涂Ni-CeO₂复合涂层具有引领与推动作用。     

温度对高速电弧喷涂FeNiBSi/Cr_3C_2复合涂层热腐蚀性能的影响

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备出Fe Ni BSi/Cr3C2复合涂层.采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析涂层的显微结构,以及X射线衍射分析涂层相组成.试验选用摩尔比为7∶3的Na2SO4+K2SO4饱和水溶液为腐蚀介质涂刷于试样表面,并以20G钢作对比材料,在550~750℃下研究了涂层的抗热腐蚀性能.结果表明,涂层具有典型的层状结构特征,致密且连续.涂层的抗热腐蚀性能明显优于20G钢.在550和650℃下涂层表面形成了致密的氧化膜(Fe2O3,Cr2O3和Fe Cr2O4)阻碍了熔盐的侵入,提高了涂层抗热腐蚀性能.在750℃下涂层氧化膜变得不完整,不能有效地阻隔熔盐,此时涂层的抗热腐蚀性能较差.     

Super304H钢在含1.5％SO2模拟烟气中的腐蚀行为研究

目的研究Super304H钢在650℃和700℃模拟烟气中的腐蚀行为和机理。方法将Super304H钢试样置于含SO2(体积分数1.5%)的模拟烟气中,间隔一定时间取出样品称量,获得腐蚀动力学曲线。采用XRD、SEM和EDS分析不同腐蚀阶段的腐蚀产物形貌、成分和物相组成。结果腐蚀初期,Super304H钢在700℃下的腐蚀速率明显比650℃下的快,腐蚀过程中,腐蚀产物不断生成和剥落。650℃时,样品初期的主要成分为Cr_2O_3和Fe2O3,随腐蚀时间的延长,生成了Fe_3O_4;700℃时的腐蚀产物剥落更明显。腐蚀产物具有双层结构,主要由Fe2O3、Cr_2O_3、Fe_3O_4和少量(Ni,Cr)Fe_2O4、Cu Fe_2O4尖晶石类化合物组成,在腐蚀产物内层生成了硫化物。结论 Super304H钢在650℃和700℃含SO2(1.5%)的模拟烟气中,腐蚀产物不断生成和剥落,导致腐蚀加速。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.