岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报研究

在岩溶地区隧道施工过程中,经常遇到突水、突泥等无法预料的地质灾害,给施工安全带来了重大灾难和无法估计的经济损失。为了保证岩溶隧道施工安全,对岩溶裂隙水与不良地质体的发育情况进行准确及时的超前预报,是当前岩溶地区隧道设计与施工中亟待研究与解决的关键问题。首先,对隧道建设过程中岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报和综合预报体系的研究现状进行详细的介绍,指出岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报中存在的主要问题,总结隧道建设过程中地质缺陷超前勘探方法和高压大流量岩溶裂隙水超前预报方法;然后,重点介绍TSP超前地质预报系统探测溶洞、陆地声纳法探测断层、地质雷达探测地下水和红外探水法探测岩溶裂隙水等工程实例。最后,总结预报各种不同地质体的有效方法和将要开展的研究热点和难点,并对下一步所要开展的工作进行深入探讨,对我国在岩溶裂隙水和不良地质体探查的理论和技术创新方面给予一定的帮助和指导。     

特长深埋隧道裂隙水综合预测方法与应用

隧道涌水是施工过程中经常遇到的一类地质灾害,给隧道施工带来安全隐患和经济损失,因此,对隧道掌子面前方的裂隙水发育情况进行准确及时的超前预报,具有重要意义。总结了常用隧道涌水量计算方法和裂隙水超前预报方法,并对各方法优缺点及适用范围作了比较。依托宜(昌)-巴(东)高速公路石门垭隧道工程,利用地质分析方法对隧道全段进行裂隙水发育情况和超前预报方案的划分,并结合涌水量计算与TSP 预报系统对裂隙水进行预报,收到了良好的预报效果,对类似工程具有一定的指导意义。     

隧道施工超前地质预报研究现状及发展趋势

 超前地质预报是隧道施工中必不可少的环节,对隧道信息化施工、灾害防治和安全保障具有重要作用。在收集整理国内外研究资料的基础上,总结钻爆法和TBM施工隧道的超前地质预报技术的研究现状。钻爆法施工隧道超前预报技术取得较大进展,涌现出一批专用的反射地震类、电磁类和电法类超前探测地球物理方法、技术与设备,逐步形成定量化探测思想和综合超前预报技术。认为基于多元地球物理信息融合与联合反演理论的综合超前地质预报技术是压制探测多解性、提高预报可靠性的可行有效途径;激发极化技术和核磁共振技术则由于其参数对水量的响应敏感性在定量探测水量方面显示出较好的应用前景。同时,TBM施工环境具有其特殊性和复杂性,少数几项专用探测技术的探测效果无法满足工程需要,总体上处于初步研究阶段,尚没有可用、可靠、有效的超前预报技术。结合课题组的研究特色,介绍3种自主研发的钻爆法隧道超前预报技术的最新进展及其用于TBM环境的可行性,提出了四阶段全过程的隧道综合超前地质预报体系,初步形成基于约束联合反演理论的综合预报方法,在钻爆法施工隧道定量化超前预报方面进行有益探索。最后,对隧道施工超前地质预报的发展趋势及其中的关键问题进行预测,认为以下4个方向是今后研究的重点和趋势：(1) 隧道施工定量化超前预报理论与技术的发展深化;(2) TBM施工隧道超前地质预报技术与装备;(3) 钻孔精细超前探测理论与技术;(4) 实时超前地质预报与施工灾害监测技术。     

厦门海底隧道综合超前地质预报实践

鉴于当前仍未建立起系统的隧道超前地质预报理论的实际,基于地质力学理论,在总结以往研究成果的基础上,较深入地构建了隧道超前地质预报的概念和广义、狭义超前地质预报实施的技术方案,提出了宏观预报、长期预报、短期预报和灾害临近警报的整套超前预报技术手段,并通过厦门海底隧道的预报实践验证,证明了提出的相关理论和技术方法的正确性与可行性,其技术方法对隧道施工生产具有一定的指导意义。     

提高地震区隧道超前地质预报准确性的措施

隧道超前地质预报工作已是隧道施工中不可缺少的一部分,特别是在不良地质段施工中更应重视这项工作。当前,隧道超前地质预报方法已经从单一的一种预报方法向两种甚至多种方法相结合的综合超前地质预报方法过渡。同时,随着近年来全球地震灾害的频发,针对地震区隧道超前地质预报体系的研究还不成熟,因此,在总结地震区隧道灾害特征及成因的基础上,采用短距离地质分析与长距离物探监测相结合的方法进行超前地质预报工作,再根据预报结果,对影响隧道围岩等级划分的地下水、主要软弱结构面产状、初始应力状态等影响因素进行修正,进而对隧道围岩等级进行动态划分,提高隧道超前预报的准确性,对隧道施工提供更为准确的指导。     

GPT超前地质预报技术在马留山隧道中的应用

隧道超前地质预报对于预测围岩情况、指导隧道施工有着重要意义。本文介绍了GPT技术的原理和在国内外应用的现状,结合马留山隧道的地质超前预报,分析论证了GPT超前地质预报系统在隧道超前地质预报中应用的有效性,得出了马留山隧道左线ZK50＋735～ZK50＋935区段200m范围内的围岩属于中强风化砂岩,局部有渗水,稳定性和完整性稍差,属于IV级围岩,说明了GPT超前地质预报技术是保证隧道施工顺利安全施工的重要地质预报手段,展示出该系统在隧道施工中的广阔应用前景。     

隧道信息化施工中综合超前地质预报技术

超前地质预报技术是信息化施工管理中的晕要组成部分，尤其对于某些重大工程，准确、及时的地质预报具有十分重要意义。国内外的学者不断地结合新工艺、新技术，对其进行了深入研究，并已经取得了一些重要的研究成果，例如TSP，GPR等地质超前预报方法等。然而，隧道工程师根据其中的任何一种预报方法仍然不能够获得满意的预报结果。以此为研究背景，结合地质灾害预报技术的研究课题，以地面地质调查法、地质雷达、TSP三种超前地质预报技术为手段，基于系统论的观点提出和建立综合地质预报方法和思想体系。首先，讨论当前隧道超前地质预报中主要存在的问题，分析目前儿种流行预报方法的优缺点和局限性；其次，建立综合超前地质预报体系，详述其实现过程，即包括定性分析和定量分析两个阶段；最后，结合广仁岭公路隧道，验证该方法的预报精度达到95％以上。该方法与其他方法相比具有更高的精度和准确性、系统性和实用性。该研究旨在为重大隧道工程提供更加有效和科学的预报方法和分析方法，为隧道信息化施工管理技术提供有意义的参考和借鉴。     

Estimation of convergence of a high-speed railway tunnel in weak rocks using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) approach

Estimation of tunnel diameter convergence is a very important issue for tunneling construction,especially when the new Austrian tunneling method(NATM) is adopted.For this purpose,a systematic convergence measurement is usually implemented to adjust the design during the whole construction,and consequently deadly hazards can be prevented.In this study,a new fuzzy model capable of predicting the diameter convergences of a high-speed railway tunnel was developed on the basis of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) approach.The proposed model used more than 1 000 datasets collected from two different tunnels,i.e.Daguan tunnel No.2 and Yaojia tunnel No.1,which are part of a tunnel located in Hunan Province,China.Six Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference systems were constructed by using subtractive clustering method.The data obtained from Daguan tunnel No.2 were used for model training,while the data from Yaojia tunnel No.1 were employed to evaluate the performance of the model.The input parameters include surrounding rock masses(SRM) rating index,ground engineering conditions(GEC) rating index,tunnel overburden(H),rock density(?),distance between monitoring station and working face(D),and elapsed time(T).The model’s performance was assessed by the variance account for(VAF),root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) as well as the coefficient of determination(R2) between measured and predicted data as recommended by many researchers.The results showed excellent prediction accuracy and it was suggested that the proposed model can be used to estimate the tunnel convergence and convergence velocity.     

An anomalous event detection and tracking method for a tunnel look-ahead ground prediction system

The complicated geological conditions and unexpected geological hazards beyond the face of a tunnel are challenging problems for tunnel construction, which can cause great loss of life and property. While the geological surveys conducted before tunnel construction can provide rough information of construction site, they are not sufficiently accurate for predicting the sudden geological condition changes in local areas. Within the EU NETTUN project, an on-board ground prediction system consisting of multiple ground penetrating radars (GPR) and seismic sensors were developed to “see through” the ground and provide the local ground information behind the excavation front surface of a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine). In order to facilitate the interpretation of the imaging data captured by this system, an automatic event detection and tracking method is presented in this paper. Anomalous 2D features are detected on each radar profile and reconstructed into a 3D accumulator; then, probable 3D events are detected from the accumulator and tracked at subsequent locations based on the information from multiple sets of radar data. The detection results can be used to generate alarms or be sent to human operators for interactive interpretation. The proposed method was evaluated using two sets of GPR data captured in a designed test field. Experimental results show that the buried targets can be correctly detected by the proposed event detection and tracking method. The proposed method is sufficiently flexible to cope with variations on the spatial configuration of on-board sensors.     

地质超前预报在兴隆沟铁路隧道施工中的应用

采用TRT6000地质超前预报系统,对兴隆沟隧道进行地质超前预报,预报结论与实际开挖情况基本一致,为兴隆沟隧道的安全高效施工及重大安全事故的避免提供了技术支撑。     

Displacement prediction of tunnels based on a generalised Kelvin constitutive model and its application in a subsea tunnel

Soft rock has the characteristic of time dependency, namely, creep or rheology. When the tunnel is located in weak surrounding rock, due to the rheology properties of surrounding rock, the load on the tunnel support and the displacement of tunnel lining may continue to increase. If the tunnel does not receive timely reinforcement and repair, these problems may threaten the safe operation of the tunnel. For tunnel repair and maintenance, we want to install some displacement monitoring sections in the appropriate position. However, tunnels are linear underground structures, and it is challenging to determine the location of the monitoring section and the displacement monitoring standards. In this study, based on the state equation of the generalised Kelvin constitutive model, a tunnel lining displacement analytical expression with a time variable was derived. Using actual data obtained during the construction of a subsea tunnel in Xiamen City and the theoretical research results presented in this paper, the final displacement of the subsea tunnel lining was forecasted and analysed. According to the results of the prediction and when considering the geological conditions along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel, the location of monitoring cross sections and monitoring standards was given. In the end, the measured data and the prediction result were compared, which proves that the conclusion is reliable. This study provides a useful reference for the maintenance and repair of tunnels in rheology rock mass.     

探地雷达在中梁山隧道超前地质预报中的应用

在隧道施工中,隧道周围及掌子面前方的工程地质和水文地质情况与施工的质量和安全关系密切。探地雷达是利用高频宽频带电磁波来探测地下介质分布规律的一种地球物理方法。探地雷达由于其具有精度高、高效快速、操作简便、非破坏性等特点,适用于隧道超前地质预报。通过实例对探地雷达扫描图像进行了具体的解译,现场跟踪隧道实际开挖情况,并对设...     

Probabilistic simulations of TBM tunnelling in highly fractured and faulted rocks

Despite the potential excellent performance of TBMs in favourable ground conditions, the presence of fault zones or heavily jointed rocks represents important geological hazards encountered during tunnel excavation. The effects of these challenging environments on the final tunnel construction time and costs can be investigated through a specific computer code: the Decision Aids for Tunnelling (DAT). In this framework the DAT simulate the tunnel excavation in several geological profiles, where changing ground scenarios are described in terms of different “fault zone” classes (from highly fractured rocks, to faulted and crushed material). For each class a certain reduction of the TBM advance rate is specified based on real data analyses. Although the great uncertainty, the results give a reliable estimation of the effect of degrading rock mass conditions on the tunnelling performance. Finally, a real case-study has been simulated by DAT in order to validate the use of the “fault zone” classes (and the relative advance rate reductions) in the estimation of the final time of tunnel construction. The predicted time values prove to be very close to the ones recorded on the field, confirming the importance of a more detailed and comprehensive characterisation of difficult ground conditions such as fault and highly fractured zones.     

云雾山隧道超前地质预报技术的应用

结合宜万铁路云雾山隧道超前地质预报,阐述超前地质预报施工方法,并介绍了超前地质预报技术在施工过程中的一些具体做法和技术措施,以指导实践,确保工程安全、质量目标的实现。     

TSP203地质超前预报在北岭山隧道断层中的应用

通过北岭山隧道的超前地质预报,介绍了TSP203的基本原理,分析了TSP203在探测北岭山隧道断层破碎带中的应用情况,结果表明,TSP203隧道地质超前预报技术在隧道建设中发挥了巨大的作用,对隧道安全施工具有重要意义。     

多种超前地质预报方法在某隧道施工的应用

正在施工的金子山隧道是宜万铁路八座Ⅰ级复杂风险隧道之一,同时也是重要控制工程.介绍了掌子面地质素描、掌子面周边探孔、地质雷达及TSP地震反射波法等多种超前地质预报的原理及特点,针对金子山隧道不同里程的地质特征,以现场调查和地质分析为主线,介绍了多种超前地质预报方法在金子山隧道中的应用,同时分析了应用成果.结果表明,围岩实际情况和预报结果基本吻合.为隧道施工防灾重点区段的确定提供了基础,并优化施工方法,为金子山隧道的安全施工提供了有力的信息支持,给施工单位提出了相应的施工建议.     

TSP技术在云雾山隧道施工期超前地质预报应用浅析

本文以宜万铁路云雾山隧道为例浅谈高风险隧道TSP和超前钻孔超前地质预报技术的运用。云雾山隧道长6640m,隧道最大埋深800多米,存在岩溶、突泥突水、断层破碎带、硬岩岩爆、软岩变形、瓦斯等不良地质问题,施工过程采用超前地质预报是保证隧道安全施工的重要手段,本隧道采用TSP203、地质雷达、超前钻孔、红外探水等多种手段进行预测预报,成功预报多次不良地质,及时采取了切实有效的应对措施。本文简要介绍TSP及超前钻孔相结合成功预报不良地质,并采取动态设计理论及时调整设计方案指导施工,供同行借鉴。     

超前地质预报技术及其在隧道中的应用

本文简要介绍了几种常用的超前地质预报方法,分析了各种地质预报的预报距离及其优缺点,结合地质雷达在实际隧道施工中超前地质预测结果与实际开挖断面岩层的对比,说明在隧道开挖过程中采用科学的、先进的隧道超前地质预报技术预测、预报隧道开挖工作面前方的地质构造,能够较为准确地查出隧道掘进方向的围岩性状、结构面发育情况,特别是溶洞、断层、破碎带和含水情况,可以减少隧道施工的盲目性,进而有效地防止工程事故,加快施工进度以及保证工程质量。     

红外探测技术在海底隧道地质预报中的应用

准确而有效的地质超前预报工作,可为施工单位节约大量成本,加快施工进度,所以隧道施工中地质超前预报应用也越来越广泛。地质超前预报通常分为长期预报和短期预报,红外探测技术是短期地质超前预报方法中的一种,该技术多在煤矿井下用于探水和探火,最近几年来将其应用于隧道地质超前预报中进行突水预测,目前还处于尝试阶段。提出了传统探测方法存在探测点少、解译结果简单等问题,针对厦门海底隧道实际情况采用了增加探测点的方法,并以地质知识和现场地质调研为基础分析了探测前方含水断层的大致产状、位置、含水量,讨论了在现场探测中所碰到的一些问题及相应的解决办法,总结了一些现场经验和一些尚未解决的问题。研究旨在为今后红外探测技术在隧道地质超前预报中的应用提供了有意义的借鉴。     

雪峰山高速公路隧道F2断层带的综合超前地质预报

 F2断层是雪峰山隧道通过区一条规模较大的断层带，在隧道施工中可能会对围岩稳定产生较大的影响，故在隧道施工期间对其开展超前预报。在雪峰山隧道施工过程中，运用多种方法对F2断层带进行综合超前地质预报。在超前地质预报中以地质分析为主线，运用TSP、洞壁应力测试、断层前兆预测法和断层错动机制解等多种方法开展综合预报。预报结果认为，ZK97+193～ZK97+220段已进入F2断层带的影响带，从ZK97+220开始已进入F2的边缘带，并预报ZK97+235桩号左右就进入F2的主干带。预报结果同实际开挖情况对比可知，预报效果较好。