香兰素衍生物BVAN08对人脑胶质瘤细胞的放射增敏作用及机制研究

目的 研究香兰素衍生物6-溴异香兰素(BVAN08)对人脑胶质瘤细胞的增殖影响、放射增敏作用和相关机制,为开发新的放射增敏抗癌药物提供实验依据。方法 采用MTT法、克隆形成率法检测BVAN08对U-251细胞增殖活性和⁶⁰Coγ射线敏感性的影响(照射剂量率为2.3 Gy/min);光学显微镜观察BVAN08作用后细胞形态学变化;透射电镜检测细胞自吞噬死亡;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡的变化;Western blot检测DNA修复蛋白DNA-PKcs的表达变化。结果 6-溴异香兰素BVAN08对U-251细胞增殖有显著抑制作用(t=1.83～3.07,P＜0.05),在10～100 μmol/L浓度范围内呈剂量和作用时间依赖性,药物作用48和72 h的IC50分别为55.3 和52.7 μmol/L。60 μmol/L BVAN08作用4 h后,U-251细胞产生明显的G₂/M期阻滞, 12 h达到峰值,G₂/M阻滞达到63.3 %,并开始同时出现细胞凋亡和自吞噬死亡。BVAN08对U-251细胞有明显的放射增敏作用,而且在照射前12 h给药的增敏效果最好,20 μmol/L浓度对2 Gy照射杀伤U-251细胞的增强比为3.14。Western blot检测表明BVAN08能显著抑制DNA-PKcs的表达。结论 香兰素衍生物BVAN08具有明显抑制人脑胶质瘤U-251细胞增殖和辐射增敏作用、并同时诱发凋亡和自吞噬死亡。BVAN08对U-251细胞的辐射增敏作用可能与G₂/M期阻滞和DNA双链断裂修复关键蛋白DNA-PKcs表达的抑制敏感性有关。     

三氧化二砷对鼻咽癌离体细胞的放射增敏作用

目的探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)对鼻咽癌离体肿瘤细胞的放射增敏作用及其机理。方法利用多靶单击数学模型拟合放射剂量一细胞存活曲线，观察As2O3对鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-1的放射增敏作用。流式细胞法观察As2O3对细胞周期分布的影响，末端脱氧核苷酰转移酶法(TUNEL法)检测细胞凋亡，免疫组织化学观察As2O3对p53，bcl-2基因表达的影响。结果As2O3对鼻咽癌细胞株CME-1有明显的放射增敏效应，1．0，1．5μmol／L的As2O3作用48h的放射增敏比分别为1．33和1．57。药物作用后G2／M期细胞比例逐渐增加，S期细胞比例逐渐减少；细胞凋亡指数增加，p53基因表达，bax／bcl-2基因表达上调。结论As2O3对鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-1有明显的放射增敏效应，放射增敏的机理可能与As2O3使细胞周期阻滞在G2／M并使S期细胞减少，以及细胞p53、bax、bcl-2基因表达变化导致凋亡增加有关。     

甘氨双唑钠对肺癌体内外放射增敏作用研究

目的研究甘氨双唑钠对肺癌细胞株照射敏感性及配合肺癌患者应用γ刀治疗的放射增敏作用。方法肺癌细胞系NCl—H446和NCl—H596用^60Coγ射线照射，同时用或不用甘氨双唑钠配合，台盼蓝拒染法检测存活细胞存活率；绘制细胞生存曲线；应用γ刀治疗的临床各期肺癌患者，治疗前静脉滴注甘氨双唑钠，同时随机选择单纯γ刀治疗未使用甘氨双唑钠者作为对照。1个疗程结束后6周评价疗效。结果甘氨双唑钠可以显著增加肺癌细胞株对γ射线的敏感性，提高γ射线对肺癌细胞系的杀伤作用；甘氨双唑钠配合γ刀治疗肺癌可显著增加疗效，两组总有效率（CR＋PR）分别为47．22％和37．67％，抑瘤率分别为55．42％和44．15％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），且与临床分期及病理类型无关（P〉0．05）。结论甘氨双唑钠对肺癌细胞株及肺癌患者的放射治疗有增敏作用，能显著提高放疗疗效，是一种良好的放射增敏剂。     

丁胱亚磺酰亚胺对胶质瘤细胞谷光甘肽及放射增敏作用的实验研究

研究巯基修饰剂ＢＳＯ对胶质瘤细胞ＧＳＨ含量的修饰作用和放射增敏作用。方法利用Ｔｉｅｔｚｅ还原酶法观察ＢＳＯ对体外培养的胶质瘤细胞株及裸小鼠移植瘤模型胶质瘤细胞ＧＳＨ的作用。利用ＭＴＴ法观察ＢＳＯ对胶质瘤细胞放射敏感性的影响。结果经ＢＳＯ作用后胶质瘤细胞的ＧＳＨ含量显著下降，放射敏感性增加。结论无论是离体还是整体用药，ＢＳＯ均能降低胶质瘤细胞的ＧＳＨ含量。ＢＳＯ对胶质瘤细胞有放射增敏作用。     

丁胱亚磺酰亚胺对胶质瘤细胞谷光甘肽及放射增敏作 …

目的 研究硫基修饰剂ＢＳＯ对胶质瘤细胞ＧＳＨ含量的修饰作用和放射增敏作用。方法利用Ｔｉ－ｅｔｚｅ还原酶法观察ＢＳＯ对体外培养的胶质瘤细胞株及裸小鼠移植瘤模型胶质瘤细胞ＧＳＨ的作用。利用ＭＴＴ法观察ＢＳＯ对胶质瘤细胞放射敏感性的影响。结果 经ＢＳＯ作用后胶质瘤细胞的ＧＳＨ含理显著下降，放射敏感性增加。结论 无论是离体还是整体用药，ＢＳＯ均能降低胶质瘤细胞的ＧＳＨ含量。ＢＳＯ对胶质瘤细胞有放射增敏作用     

吩噻嗪衍生物协同放射对HeLa细胞增殖的抑制效应比较研究

目的 探讨吩噻嗪衍生物对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖的抑制作用及与放射联合应用抑制肿瘤的协同效应。方法 采用MTT法和细胞克隆形成法检测细胞的增殖活性和细胞辐射敏感性。结果 比较了6种吩噻嗪衍生物对HeLa细胞增殖的抑制效应，发现化合物α-氯-N-二甲胺基乙基吩噻嗪（PTZD2）、α-三氟甲基-N-二甲胺基乙基吩噻嗪（PTZD3）和α-氯-N-二乙胺基乙基吩噻嗪（PTZD5）的作用比较明显，在10μmol／L浓度能产生出显著抑制效应，40-50μmol／L浓度作用3和4d，细胞增殖完全被抑制而死亡。PTZD2或PTZD3与放射联合应用，显示出明显抗HeLa细胞增殖的协同效应，10μmol／L PTZD3对2和4Gy照射细胞的增殖抑制的增强比分别为3．5和1．8。实验结果还表明，在照射前18h用药的协同作用更加显著。结论 吩噻嗪衍生物具有程度不同的抑制HeLa细胞增殖的作用，与放射联合应用具有抗肿瘤的协同效应，而且照射前18h用药的效应最佳。     

6-溴异香兰素对HeLa细胞的增殖抑制及放射增敏作用

目的研究香兰素衍生物中的6-溴异香兰素（6-溴-5-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛,BVAN08）对HeLa细胞增殖和放射敏感性的影响,为开发新的抗癌和放射增敏药物提供理论依据。方法利用MTT法检测细胞增殖,单细胞凝胶电泳检测细胞DNA损伤,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,克隆形成率法检测细胞放射敏感性,AnnexinⅤ/PI染色法检测细胞凋亡。结果研究表明BVAN08在10～20μmol/L以上浓度就显示出对HeLa细胞增殖的抑制作用,抑制程度具有剂量依赖性,抑制细胞存活的IC50值为19.07μmol/L。BVAN08能诱发细胞DNA双链断裂损伤,作用4h就开始诱发细胞周期G2/M阻滞,随时间延长阻滞更加明显。BVAN08明显降低DNA修复蛋白DNA-PKcs的表达水平,20μmol/LBVAN08与2Gyγ射线复合作用可以显著增加细胞对射线的敏感性,增加细胞凋亡率。结论 BVAN08抑制HeLa细胞增殖,提高细胞的放射敏感性,其放射增敏作用与降低DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平和G2/M阻滞有关。     

微核法研究青蒿素和蒿甲醚对人鼻咽癌细胞的放射增敏作用

青蒿素( artemisinin)是从黄花蒿中提取的一种含内过氧化基团的倍半萜内酯化合物,在临床上治疗恶性疟疾和脑型疟疾有显著疗效.近年发现,青蒿素及其衍生物对肿瘤细胞有显著的杀伤作用及放射增敏作用[1-4].但是,有关青蒿素的另一个衍生物蒿甲醚的放射增敏作用,目前国内外相关报道较少.本研究以人鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞为实验对象,采用胞质分裂阻滞微核法(cytokinesis-block micronucleus method,CBMN)研究青蒿素与蒿甲醚对人鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞放射敏感性的影响.Fenech和Morley[5]提出了胞质分裂阻滞微核法比常规法更敏感,检测染色体断片的效率更高,能较为精确、快速、简便地衡量染色体损伤程度[6],故本实验采用胞质分裂阻滞微核法来研究青蒿素与蒿甲醚对人鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞放射敏感性的影响.     

HSV-TK/GCV自杀基因系统联合γ射线放射治疗宫颈癌的实验研究

目的 探讨HSV-TK／GCV自杀基因系统协同^60Coγ射线放射治疗对人宫颈癌细胞系的体内外联合杀伤作用，以及HSV-TK／GCV对放射治疗的增敏作用。方法 分别以HSV-TK／GCV、^60Coγ射线放射治疗及两者联合治疗人宫颈癌HeLa细胞系和裸鼠宫颈癌移植瘤模型，比较治疗效果；利用增敏效应比值（E／O）、克隆形成实验评价体内外HSV-TK／GCV对放射敏感性的影响。结果 在体外实验中，自杀基因对宫颈癌HeLa细胞生长的抑制率为45．8％，单纯放疗的抑制率为42．4％，而基因治疗与放疗联用的抑制率为87．5％，与前两者比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；且联合治疗组对射线敏感性较单独治疗组明显增加，克隆形成率明显下降（P〈0．05）；在体内实验中，单纯基因治疗与放疗对HeLa细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的抑瘤率分别为39．5％和35．8％，而基因治疗放疗联用的抑瘤率达到87．9％，与前两者比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；增敏效应比值（E／O）为3．2（〉1．4），提示HSV-TK／GCV对放疗具有增敏作用。结论 HSV-TK／GCV自杀基因系统具有放射增敏作用，二者联合治疗可作为宫颈癌综合治疗的有效补充方法。     

放射增敏剂与肿瘤治疗

放射增敏剂已经使用很多年了,目前主要用于增敏乏氧细胞。肿瘤组织中有乏氧细胞存在,过去曾用高压氧使乏氧细胞增敏,但不同的试验结果不尽一致。因为动物全身长时间高压氧处理产生的生理反应使血管闭合,从而影响氧的增敏效果。后来有人试图用负π介子和中子来解决乏氧细胞的问题,虽有一定作用但未能完全使乏氧细胞增敏,而且设备非常昂贵。因此,Gray实验室开始着手化学放射增敏剂的研究。Adams研究了许多带有机环结构的化合物,目前已有甲硝哒唑(metronidazole)、misonidazole和9963等放射增敏剂。一种化合物是否有放射增敏作用,主要看其治疗增益,即对肿瘤组织的增敏是否比正常组织增敏大,否则就起不到放射增敏的作用。肿瘤组织中存有许多乏氧细胞,而正常组织中都没有。因此,增敏剂能提高肿瘤组织的放射敏感性。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme