DSA、术前栓塞在上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤手术中的价值

目的研究DSA在明确上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤血供情况、引流静脉代偿及矢状窦阻塞中的作用。方法回顾性分析41例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤病人的病历资料,比较术前未进行DSA检查组、DSA检查组和DSA加栓塞组之间术中出血、手术时间、手术全切肿瘤程度情况。结果DSA检查组和DSA加栓塞组较未进行DSA检查组手术全切率高(P< 0.05);DSA加栓塞组较未栓塞组术中失血少(P< 0.05);各组间手术时间无显著性差别(P> 0.05)。结论术前行DSA检查可以明确矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的血供、引流静脉代偿及矢状窦阻塞情况,能指导术前栓塞以减少术中出血,并为手术全切脑膜瘤提供有用信息。     

3D-CT静脉造影对矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的术前评估

目的 通过3D-CT静脉造影(3D-CTV)来判断矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与矢状窦、肿瘤周围皮层回流静脉的关系,为制定手术方案提供帮助.方法 2008年6月至2010年2月收治11例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者术前接受3D-CTV检查,3例同时MRV检查.通过观察3D-CTV中肿瘤与所累矢状窦及周边中央沟静脉、中央前沟静脉之间的关系;术前判断矢状窦的通畅性,并根据术中实际情况来验证3D-CTV结果的准确性.结果 11例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者术前3D-CTV检查发现:4例位于额叶矢状窦旁脑膜瘤上矢状窦已经完全被肿瘤侵犯包裹而闭塞,手术将肿瘤包括累及矢状窦一并切除;4例额顶脑膜瘤部分侵入上矢状窦,上矢状窦仍然通畅,其中3例手术将累及上矢状窦侧壁及侵入窦内肿瘤一并切除,同时修补上矢状窦,另1例行肿瘤切除加累及的上矢状窦侧壁电凝烧灼;3例额顶脑膜瘤仅累及上矢状窦侧壁而没有侵入至窦内,1例手术将肿瘤连同矢状窦侧壁外层一并切除,2例行肿瘤加受累及矢状窦侧壁电凝.5例患者3D-CTV同时清晰显示肿瘤与周围中央沟静脉、中央前沟静脉之间关系密切,1例患者中央前沟静脉术中有损伤,其余患者静脉均保护完好.9例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤获得Simpson Ⅰ级全切除,2例Simpson Ⅱ级全切除,术后患者恢复良好,随访未见肿瘤复发.结论 3D-CTV所显示肿瘤与矢状窦关系与手术实际情况吻合.相对于MRV和DSA,通过3D-CTV检查可更方便、直观地判断矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与矢状窦及肿瘤周边静脉的关系,对于矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术前行3D-CTV检查,可为手术方案的制定提供帮助.     

磁共振静脉成像对矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的术前评估

目的 探讨磁共振静脉成像(MRV)在矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术前评估中的作用.方法 对经MRI平扫和增强扫描诊断为矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的患者行MRV及DSA检查.分别记录两种影像资料中肿瘤侵犯静脉窦的部位、静脉窦通畅程度及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤相关侧枝静脉吻合的显示情况并进行比较分析.结果 29例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者中,MRV对矢状窦受侵部位的显示与DSA和术中所见一致;对上矢状窦受侵犯通畅程度的显示上,MRV诊断矢状窦通畅的敏感度是87.0％,特异度是66.7％,符合率为82.8％.MRV对矢状窦旁脑膜瘤相关侧枝静脉吻合显示的敏感度是25.0％,特异度是76.9％,符合率为48.3％.结论 MRV在窦旁脑膜瘤侵犯静脉窦的部位、通畅程度上为其术前评估提供参考依据.     

上矢状窦闭塞或狭窄后静脉侧支循环的建立及其意义

目的 通过了解颅内存在病变时上矢状窦旁桥静脉侧支循环的建立模式,为预防经纵裂入路术后发生静脉性脑梗死提供影像学依据.方法 回顾性分析影响上矢状窦血流的30例脑膜瘤患者手术前后影像学及临床资料.结果 上矢状窦后1/3或窦汇处闭塞时,主要通过与外侧裂浅静脉、导静脉、半球外侧异常硬脑膜静脉窦等建立侧支循环;上矢状窦中1/3闭塞时,主要通过闭塞前段与外侧裂浅静脉、闭塞后段与Labbé静脉及导静脉等建立侧支循环;病变影响到上矢状窦血流,但仍通畅时,主要通过瘤周静脉网及纵裂内侧面引流静脉建立上下矢状窦间侧支循环.30例脑膜瘤术中离断桥静脉5例,其中2例发生严重脑水肿.结论 不同部位病变引起上矢状窦血流变化时所建立侧支循环的模式是不同的,术前明确侧支循环的建立模式,对计划经纵裂入路以及处理侵及上矢状窦的肿瘤是十分必要的.     

矢状窦旁脑膜瘤全切后的矢状窦重建

本文报告了１５例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤完全切除肿瘤与受累的矢状窦后，用自体颈外静脉或硬脑膜或大脑镰进行的矢状窦重建手术。１３例肿瘤位于矢状窦中１／３，２例位于后１／３。重建手术中，包括矢状窦壁缝合３例，矢状窦壁修补５例，自体静脉移植７例。有５例中央区皮层静脉切断后与重建的矢状窦进行了吻合。１５例术后效果均满意。     

大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术中静脉系统保护的探讨

目的 探讨大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术中静脉系统保护的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析34例采用手术切除的大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤病人的临床资料,总结处理瘤周侧支静脉和受累矢状窦的经验.结果 手术切除上矢状窦前段1例,明胶海绵+耳脑胶修补破损窦壁5例,电灼侧壁23例.按Simpson切除分级:Ⅰ级切除26例,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级切除8例.随访34例,时间6个月～5年.无相关静脉损伤后并发症.结论 术前通过静脉血管造影明确瘤周侧支静脉及上矢状窦受累程度,有助于大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术中对静脉系统的保护,减少术后并发症.     

矢状窦、镰旁巨大脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨上矢状窭、镰旁巨大脑膜瘤的术前设计及术中处理上吻合静脉、上矢状窦的方法,提高矢状窦、镰旁巨大脑膜瘤的手术疗效。 方法回顾性分析南昌大学第二附属医院神经外科自2001年1月至2010年12月收治的35例矢状窦、镰旁巨大脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,患者均经充分的术前准备并设计较详细的手术方案,行显微手术全切或次全切除术,术中对受累的上吻合静脉、上矢状窦、硬脑膜及颅骨做相应的处理。 结果35例患者中肿瘤切除达到Simpson Ⅰ级21例,SimpsonⅡ级12例,SimpsonⅢ级2例。术后遗留颅骨缺损5例;单侧肢体瘫痪（肌力Ⅰ～Ⅳ级）5例,双下肢瘫痪（肌力Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）1例,经高压氧、针灸理疗等综合治疗1～6个月后均恢复正常。随访6～24个月,SimpsonⅢ级切除者2例复发。 结论通过术前充分的MRI、MRA、DSA、CTA等影像学评估及设计较详细的手术方案,术中采用显微外科技术、有效地控制出血、妥善处理好上矢状窦及受累的上吻合静脉、避免正常脑组织医源性损伤、尽可能全切或次全切除肿瘤,是提高矢状窦、镰旁巨大脑膜瘤手术疗效的重要因素。     

上矢状窦中后部脑膜瘤导致静脉窦闭塞后静脉代偿特点及意义

目的 探讨中、后部矢状窦旁脑膜瘤导致静脉窦闭塞后静脉代偿特点以及全切除肿瘤的手术要点。方法 分析15例中、后部上矢状窦完全闭塞的窦旁脑膜瘤的脑血管造影表现，探讨其静脉回流代偿的形式对手术疗效的影响。结果 静脉回流代偿的形式有三种：(1)皮层浅静脉端-端吻合，主要流向侧裂、Labbe静脉；(2)脑膜静脉流向蝶顶窦、海绵窦；(3)板障静脉流向头皮。本组肿瘤全切除12例，无手术死亡，术后发生三肢瘫1例，双下肢瘫1例，高颅压、失明1例。结论 术前仔细研究血管造影上静脉回流代偿的形式，有助于术中加强对其保护，减少全切除肿瘤手术后的严重并发症的发生。     

矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的手术治疗

矢状窦旁脑膜瘤占颅内脑膜瘤的17%～20%,其基底部起源于矢状窦外侧壁及其邻近硬脑膜,分布于由凸面硬脑膜,矢状窦外侧壁和大脑镰形成的矢状窦区.肿瘤血运丰富,由颈内、颈外双重动脉系统供血,肿瘤往往不同程度地侵犯矢状窦及其重要的皮质回流静脉,特别是位于上矢状窦中后1/3者,手术根治较为困难.回顾性分析35例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的临床资料(部分病例取自天津医科大学总医院脑系外科)[1],并就如何提高矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的手术全切率与术后疗效进行讨论.现报告如下.     

窦旁脑膜瘤术中上矢状窦的处理

矢状窦旁脑膜瘤切除不彻底,有复发之虞,但全切后又往往遗留窦缺损。关于缺损的修复材料和方法,各家意见不一。Logue采用颅骨膜;Hartmann和Masuzawa等主张用大脑镰反折或作矢状窦成形;Sindou建议取自体静脉或动脉作矢状窦架桥;本文作者和Donaghy等则倡用自体静脉移植。根据上矢状窦及邻近静脉受累部位和程度,作者将21例窦旁脑膜瘤分成八型:     

Occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus caused by meningioma, intracranial volume-pressure relations and brain edema]

Fifty-one cases of parasagittal meningiomas were analysed. In 37 cases the tumour was situated in the middle and posterior part of the falx. In 17 cases occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus was diagnosed and confirmed by angiography. No correlation was found between the extent of brain oedema and sinus occlusion and tumour size. However, extensive oedema was present in tumours of high malignancy. Occlusion of the sagittal sinus caused no increase of intracranial pressure or venous stasis. This suggests that sinus occlusion caused by meningioma is completely compensated and has no effect on the preoperative and postoperative course.     

Diagnostic value of combined conventional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography in sinus venous thrombosis

25 patients are presented, who were diagnosed with cerebral sinus venous thrombosis by a combination of Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) and conventional Spin-Echo sequences. An angiography in DSA technique was carried out additionally in 12 cases. In 24 patients MR-angiographic control examinations were conducted. In seven cases MRA revealed an isolated thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) whereas in eleven patients there was an additional occlusion of other sinuses or cerebral veins. The transverse sinus (ST) was the second most affected. DSA essentially confirmed the MR-imaging data. Despite anticoagulation follow up MRA's showed complete recanalisation in only 7 patients, in 8 cases partial recanalisation was observed and in 9 cases a complete occlusion persisted. In contrast to these findings neurological examinations during the follow up period were unremarkable in 16 patients and the remainder revealed only mild residual symptoms. In general no further morphological alterations of the cerebral sinus system were detectable by MRA after 6 months. Follow up imaging beyond 6 months therefore appears unnecessary, unless a relapse is suspected.     

功能区上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术后暂时性瘫痪危险因素分析

目的 探讨功能区上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术后暂时性瘫痪的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2005年5月至2015年12月手术治疗的96例功能区上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者临床资料,根据暂时性瘫痪诊断标准,分为暂时性瘫痪组(n=31)和非暂时性瘫痪组(n=65),采用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析两组患者年龄、肿瘤大小、术前瘤周水肿、术前癫痫、上矢状窦完全被肿瘤侵犯闭塞、术中切开窦壁、术中回流静脉损伤等因素。结果 单因素分析显示两组间年龄(χ~2=14.943,P=0.000)、术前瘤周水肿(χ~2=4.435,P=0.049)、上矢状窦完全被肿瘤侵犯闭塞(χ~2=5.248,P=0.028)、术中切开窦壁(χ~2=5.773,P=0.026)以及术中回流静脉损伤(χ~2=11.441,P=0.002)比较差异有统计学意义;Logistic回归分析上述因素显示年龄(OR=8.709,P=0.028)、术中回流静脉损伤(OR=16.242,P=0.012)、上矢状窦完全被肿瘤侵犯闭塞(OR=0.053,P=0.025)为术后暂时性瘫痪发生的相关因素。结论 年龄和术中回流静脉损伤是术后暂时性瘫痪发生的危险因素,而上矢状窦完全被肿瘤侵犯闭塞是其保护因素。     

大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤显微手术治疗的研究

目的探讨大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤显微手术的方法及效果。方法回顾性分析47例大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,术前影像学检查显示肿瘤位于矢状窦前1/3者27例,中1/3者11例,后1/3者9例,肿瘤最大径4~8 cm,47例患者均行显微手术治疗。结果按照切除程度划分,SimpsonⅠ级切除25例,Ⅱ级切除17例,Ⅲ级切除5例。随访时间6~49个月,SimpsonⅠ级切除的25例患者均无复发;22例SimpsonⅡ~Ⅲ级切除患者中,共有3例患者复发,均再次手术治疗。无手术死亡病例。结论术中对回流静脉、侧支静脉及静脉窦的保护,尽可能全切除或次全切除肿瘤,可以有效提高大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤显微手术治疗的效果。     

Surgical treatment of parasagittal and falx meningiomas

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We present our experience with surgery of parasagittal and falx meningiomas with special consideration of surgical outcome and risk of recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of 87 consecutive patients surgically treated for parasagittal and falx meningiomas is reported. 50 patients had parasagittal meningiomas and a further 37 had falx meningiomas. Meningioma invaded the superior sagittal sinus in 21 cases. According to Simpson's scale, 25 procedures were Grade I resection, 55 were Grade II resection and 7 were Grade IV resection. Among 21 patients with parasagittal meningiomas invading the sagittal sinus, radical resection of the tumour and invaded part of sinus was made in 9 cases. RESULTS: Seven patients were severely disabled and 4 patients died after the surgery whereas 76 patients had satisfactory outcome on discharge. At the time of analysis, 14 patients had shown evidence of recurrence. Male gender, partial removal of meningioma (Simpson Grade IV) and bilateral falx meningioma had a statistically significant influence on recurrence. There were no tumour recurrences following radical resection of the tumour and invaded part of sinus, but two postoperative deaths due to haemodynamic complications were noted. In the other 12 patients, meningiomas were removed but sinus infiltration was left in place; the postoperative period was uneventful but the rate of clinically important regrowth in this group of patients was 25% in long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Rate of recurrence of parasagittal and falx meningioma significantly increases in cases of non-radical resection of tumour. Aggressive surgical treatment presents several hazards and carries an increased risk of unsatisfactory outcome; the risk of recurrence, however, is significantly decreased.     

兔上矢状窦中1/3及其回流静脉结扎后颅内压变化

目的探讨兔上矢状窦中1/3结扎与上矢状窦中1/3及其回流静脉结扎后颅内压的变化,为矢状窦旁中1/3脑膜瘤、矢状窦中1/3损伤的治疗提供新思路和实验依据。方法 30只健康家兔,随机分为3组,假手术对照(SO)组10只、上矢状窦中1/3结扎(SSS)组10只、上矢状窦中1/3及其回流静脉结扎(SSS+RV)组10只。建立兔上矢状窦中1/3结扎与上矢状窦中1/3及其回流静脉结扎的动物模型,用光导纤维颅内压监护仪监测结扎后4 h内颅内压的变化。结果家兔上矢状窦中1/3结扎后颅内压逐渐上升,3 h又下降,并维持此水平至4 h,与SO组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);上矢状窦中1/3及其回流静脉结扎30 min后颅内压开始逐渐上升,约2.5 h后上升明显(P<0.05),与SO组和SSS组相应时间点相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论单纯上矢状窦中1/3结扎后颅内压变化不大。上矢状窦中1/3及其回流静脉结扎后4 h内颅内压逐渐升高。