稀土铈对化学镀Ni-Co-P合金性能的影响

在正交试验法确定化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀液配方的基础上,向镀液中加入硫酸铈,在AZ91D镁合金基材上得到了性能最佳的Ni-Co-P-Ce合金镀层。最佳的镀液配方及工艺条件为:碘化钾0.06g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.02g/L,硫酸镍25.0g/L,硫酸钴15.0g/L,次磷酸钠25.0g/L,氟化铵30.0g/L,柠檬酸三钠45.0g/L,硫酸铈0.15g/L,pH值8.5,温度85.0℃,时间1.5h。加入适量的稀土铈能明显提高镀层的耐蚀性和硬度。在最佳配方及工艺条件下,得到孔隙率低、耐蚀性较好的镀层,并且镀层与基体结合较好。     

化学镀镍磷合金复合加速剂的研究

为了提高化学镀Ni–P合金的沉积速率,采用正交试验法研究了以乳酸为配位剂的复合加速剂。通过测定镀速、镀液稳定性、镀层孔隙率及耐盐雾腐蚀性能,得出最佳的复合加速剂配方为:20mL/L乳酸 8g/L丁二酸 3mL/L有机酸加速剂 4g/L钠盐加速剂。采用此复合加速剂,镀速达32μm/h,镀液在PdCl2加速试验中的稳定时间为7.49h,镀层孔隙率为0.09个/cm2,耐盐雾腐蚀时间达925h。     

含硫稳定剂对纳米Ni-P-TiO_2复合镀层形貌与性能的影响

以镀液稳定性、沉积速率、镀层孔隙率、显微硬度和耐蚀性为评价指标,研究了硫代硫酸钠、2-巯基苯并噻唑以及DL-半胱氨酸三种稳定剂对Ni-P纳米TiO_2复合化学镀的影响,研究所采用的基础镀液配方及工艺条件为:26 g/L六水合硫酸镍,32 g/L次亚磷酸钠,15 g/L乙酸钠,20 g/L一水合柠檬酸,10~30 mg/L表面活性剂,1~2 g/L纳米TiO_2,θ为(88±1)℃,pH为4.8±0.2,反应t为1 h。结果表明,硫代硫酸钠对镀层耐蚀性、显微硬度和镀液稳定性的效果都较差,不适合作为本体系的稳定剂;DL-半胱氨酸作为稳定剂时虽然对镀层显微硬度和沉积速率比2-巯基苯并噻唑稍好,但镀液稳定性和镀层耐蚀性不佳。实验表明2-巯基苯并噻唑更适合作为本体系稳定剂,且作为稳定剂时的最佳用量为6.0 mg/L,在该用量下,镀层的沉积速率可达144.6 g/(m^2·h),镀层孔隙率为1.5个/cm^2,显微硬度可达682.5 HV。     

镁合金化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层的研究

在AZ31B镁合金表面化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层。通过正交试验研究了制备Ni-Co-P合金镀层的镀液配方及工艺条件。得出最佳镀液配方及工艺条件为:硫酸镍25g/L,硫酸钴25g/L,次磷酸钠22g/L,柠檬酸三钠70g/L,氟化铵40g/L,碘化钾0.001g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.05g/L,pH值8.0,温度80℃,时间2h。采用最佳的镀液配方及工艺条件,沉积速率较快,制备的Ni-Co-P合金镀层表面形貌较好,与基材结合较牢,耐蚀性较好。     

乳酸-丙酸体系化学镀低磷镍-磷合金镀层的研究

以沉积速率、镀层中磷的质量分数、孔隙率和硬度为评价指标,研究了乳酸、丙酸单独作配位剂及两者复配时镀层及镀液的性能。基础镀液配方及工艺条件为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 28g/L,NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 23g/L,CH_3COONa·3H_2O 20g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠8mg/L,硫脲2mg/L,pH值5.0±0.2,温度(80±2)℃,时间1h。结果表明:单独使用乳酸或丙酸作配位剂时,无法获得性能良好的化学镀低磷镍-磷合金镀层;只有将两者复配使用,才能获得理想的化学镀低磷镍-磷合金镀层。最佳的复配方案为乳酸18mL/L+丙酸10mL/L。此时,镀层中磷的质量分数为3.81%,沉积速率为16.31μm/h,孔隙率为0.70个/cm2,硬度为2 946MPa。     

化学镀镍复合配位剂的研究

采用对比试验和正交试验,以镀速、孔隙率、镀液稳定性和镀层硬度为评价指标,研究了单一配位剂及复合配位剂对镀液和镀层性能的影响,得到了复合配位剂的最优组合:8.4g/L乳酸,6g/L苹果酸,9g/L柠檬酸,8g/L丁二酸,1g/L丙酸。采用该复合配位剂的工艺配方可提高镀液使用寿命,获得性能优良的镀层。     

镍铁–立方氮化硼复合电刷镀工艺研究

通过复合电刷镀在20钢基体表面制备镍铁–立方氮化硼(CBN)复合镀层。研究了施镀电压、镀液温度及镀笔速率对复合镀层中CBN含量的影响,分析了镀层中CBN含量与耐磨性之间的关系。复合电刷镀NiFe–CBN的镀液组成和最佳工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O 270~300 g/L,FeCl2·2H2O 23~27 g/L,H3BO326~30 g/L,Na3C6H5O7·2H2O 20~30 g/L,糖精2~3 g/L,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.2~0.3 g/L,pH 3.2~4.0,电压14 V,温度50°C,镀笔速率15 m/min,时间100~120 min。在最佳工艺下所得镀层的CBN质量分数为9.8%,显微硬度为770 HV,耐磨性和结合力良好。     

柠檬酸-酒石酸盐无氰镀铜工艺研究

研究了一种柠檬酸-酒石酸盐无氰镀铜工艺,通过正交试验确定的最佳工艺条件为:碱式碳酸铜55g/L,柠檬酸260g/L,酒石酸钾钠32g/L,碳酸氢钠1.5g/L,光亮剂(二氧化硒和三乙醇胺)0.02g/L,pH为9.0,温度35°C,电流密度为1.5A/dm2,阴、阳极面积比为1:2,时间8min。镀液和镀层的性能测试结果表明:镀液稳定,镀液分散能力为84.52%,镀液覆盖能力为4.5,工艺得到的镀层达到二级光亮以上,镀层结晶细致、均匀,镀层结合力良好、孔隙率低,可作为碳钢制品的装饰性镀层和续镀其他金属或合金的底层或中间镀层。     

pH对化学复合镀镍–磷–聚四氟乙烯性能的影响

考察了pH对45钢上化学复合镀Ni–P–聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)沉积速率和镀层孔隙率、磷含量、表面形貌、耐蚀性、显微硬度和摩擦因数的影响。镀液组成和工艺条件为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 25 g/L,NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 30 g/L,无水乙酸钠20 g/L,柠檬酸20 g/L,硫脲2 mg/L,氟碳型表面活性剂18 mg/L,PTFE 1.0 g/L,温度85℃,时间1 h。pH为5.0时,沉积速率为15.93μm/h,所得为高磷(质量分数8.34%)复合镀层,其显微硬度为163.3 HV,摩擦因数0.25,能耐中性盐雾腐蚀24.5 h。     

酸性化学镀Ni-Cu-P工艺及性能研究

研究了酸性化学镀Ni Cu P镀液的pH值对镀层性能和镀速的影响。采用酸性镀液体系,通过正交实验,确定了化学镀Ni Cu P的工艺配方为:0 3g/LCuSO4·5H2O,25g/LNiSO4·6H2O,30g/L柠檬酸钠,20g/L络合剂,40g/L缓冲剂,25g/LNaH2PO2·H2O,0 16g/L稳定剂,θ80～85℃,pH值5～6,t为2h。通过X射线衍射实验研究了镀层的晶型结构,并对化学镀Ni Cu P镀层与Ni P镀层的极化行为进行了研究。结果表明:所得的化学镀Ni Cu P镀层为非晶态结构;其外观光亮,耐硝酸腐蚀时间大于800s,孔隙率为9级,镀速为8μm/h;Ni Cu P合金镀层比Ni P镀层具有更优异的耐蚀性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.