离子液体催化合成直链烷基苯

以离子液体氯化甲基丁基咪唑一三氯化铁([bmim]Cl-FeCl3)作催化剂,催化苯与1-十二烯烷基化反应。考察了离子液体的酸度、离子液体用量、苯／1-十二烯摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间等条件对烷基化反应的影响。结果表明：酸性离子液体具有很高的催化活性和选择性,可以循环使用且活性基本没有降低。在离子液体的FeCl3／[bmim]Cl摩尔比2．0：1、1-十二烯0．02mol、FeCl3／1-十二烯摩尔比0．2：1、苯／1-十二烯摩尔比10：1、反应温度80℃、反应时间60min的条件下,1-十二烯转化率为100％,2-位异构体选择性为34．3％。     

三甲胺基SO3H-功能化离子液体催化对苯二酚叔丁基化反应

以三甲胺、1，3-丙烷磺内酯或1，4-丁烷磺内酯为原料，合成了三甲胺基SO3H-功能化离子液体（IL），采用NMR、TOF—MS、TG等手段表征了其结构和热稳定性。以对苯二酚（HQ）与叔丁醇（TBA）的烷基化反应为探针，考察了反应时间、HQ与TBA摩尔比、离子液体与HQ摩尔比、反应温度等因素对反应性能的影响，并考察了离子液体的重复使用性能。结果表明，在最佳反应条件T-343K，t=90min，n（HQ）：n（TBA）：n（IL）-2：3：1下，HQ的转化率可以达到68．4％，2-叔丁基对苯二酚（TBHQ）的选择性达到75．1％。离子液体重复使用6次，其活性基本不变。     

离子液体合成长链烷基苯

以常压下合成的氯代1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯铝酸盐([BMIM]Cl-AlCl3)离子液体作催化剂,通过正交实验考察其对苯与正十二烯的烷基化反应性能,研究了温度、苯/烯摩尔比和离子液体量等反应条件对转化率和2-位异构体选择性的影响。与传统催化剂相比,降低了反应温度、苯/烯摩尔比和催化剂用量。离子液体在25℃、AlCl3/正十二烯摩尔比为0.07、苯/烯摩尔比等于8时就具有很高的催化活性。     

[bmim]PF_6促进氨基硫脲和甲酸的缩合反应

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim]PF_6)为反应促进剂和溶剂,对氨基硫脲与甲酸的缩合反应进行了研究,最佳反应条件为:n(氨基硫脲):n(甲酸)=1:2.0,反应时间2 h,反应温度70℃,离子液体用量2 mL,收率97.2%。与无机酸催化氨基硫脲与甲酸的缩合反应相比,该法反应条件温和,反应时间短,收率高,易分离,且离子液体可循环使用。     

离子液体催化二苯醚与正十二烯单烷基化反应的研究

研究以氯代1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯铝酸盐([BM IM]C l-A lC l3)离子液体为催化剂催化二苯醚与正十二烯的单烷基化反应,采用气-质联用技术对产物进行分析,考察反应温度、离子液体与正十二烯的摩尔比以及离子液体中A lC l3的摩尔分数(即离子液体的酸强度)等反应条件对产物选择性的影响。实验结果表明,反应温度的升高有利于4-位异构体的生成;当反应温度为80℃、离子液体与正十二烯的摩尔比为0.50、离子液体的酸强度为0.67时,产物十二烷基二苯醚中5-位和6-位异构体的选择性最高,可达33.99%。     

2,6-二异丙基萘液相氧化制备2,6-萘二甲酸工艺条件的研究

以乙酸钴、乙酸锰为主催化剂，溴化钾为促进剂，乙酸钾为助催化剂，在半连续搅拌钛材釜式反应器中，对2，6-二异丙基萘（2，6-DIPN）液相空气氧化制2，6-萘二甲酸的主要氧化工艺条件进行了研究。采用高效液相色谱内标法分析2，6-萘二甲酸的纯度和收率，考察了反应时间、M／F、混合溶剂、催化液循环使用次数对氧化反应的影响，从而确定半连续反应合适的工艺条件为：反应时间4～5h，M／F=1.2～1.6，V（丙酸）／g（醋酸）-0．5～0．7。M／F=2．4时催化液可多次循化使用。在温度200℃，压力3．0MPa，搅拌速度900r／min，V（丙酸）／V（醋酸）-0．5，M／F=1.2，n（Co）：n（Mn）：n（Br）：n（K）=1：1：2：5的条件下反应4h，2，6-萘二甲酸的收率和纯度分别可达82．76％和98．56％。     

负载离子液体合成十二烷基苯

以载体硅胶(SiO2)负载氯铝酸盐室温离子液体[BMIM]Cl-AlCl3,通过改变负载工艺,制得不同的负载离子液体催化剂用于合成十二烷基苯。在间歇操作条件下,考察了反应温度和负载离子液体的加入量对1-十二烯转化率和2-位异构体选择性的影响。结果表明,1-十二烯的转化率随负载离子液体加入量的增加和反应温度的升高而增加,产物中2-位异构体的选择性随反应温度的升高而降低。与同类未负载离子液体催化剂的性能相比,采用负载离子液体作为催化剂,2-位异构体的选择性从39.1％提高到52.5％。     

离子液体催化合成异丙苯的研究

以氯化正丁基吡啶-三氯化铝（bpc—AlCl3）离子液体为催化剂。考察了离子液体催化荆的酸度、反应温度、苯与丙烯的摩尔比、反应时问等因素对苯与丙烯烷基化反应的影响。结果表明：酸性离子液体具有较高的催化活性与选择性,并且离子液体的活性与其酸度密切相关,酸度越大,离子液体的催化活性越好。在50％、常压、苯与丙烯的摩尔比为10、AlCl3与bpc的摩尔比为2时,丙烯转化率为100％,异丙苯选择性为97．56％,并且离子液体可以循环使用。     

咪唑类氯铝酸离子液体的L ew is酸性和极化能力对苯烷基化反应性能的影响

合成了不同烷基和卤素取代的咪唑类氯铝酸离子液体([Rm im]X/A lC l3),用电喷雾-离子化质谱和红外光谱表征了离子液体的分子结构、Lew is酸性和极化能力,并将这些性质与离子液体在苯与1-十二烯烷基化反应中的催化性能进行关联。实验结果表明,对于咪唑类氯铝酸离子液体,[Bm im]+A l2C l6B r-具有适宜的Lew is酸性和极化能力,[Bm im]+A l2C l6B r-与1-十二烯的摩尔比为0.005时,1-十二烯的转化率可达93.2%,2-烷基苯的选择性为37.7%。     

质子酸离子液体催化合成叔丁基苯的研究

用质子酸离子液体[BPy]HSO4代替传统催化剂催化苯和叔丁醇反应合成叔丁基苯。通过正交试验，考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、苯／叔丁醇摩尔比对苯的烷基化反应的影响，确定了最佳反应条件：催化剂[SPy]HSO4用量为4mL、叔丁醇0．1mol、n（苯）：n（叔丁醇）=4：1、反应时间1．0h、反应温度50—55℃。在此条件下，平均收率为79．2％。催化剂[BPy]HSO4溶于水后通过过滤和蒸发除水，重复使用5次，收率无明显变化。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.