两种不同初筛酶联免疫吸附试验试剂联合检测以替代艾滋病病毒抗体蛋白印迹试验确认检测的对比分析

目的 为评价两种不同初筛酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）试剂联合检测艾滋病病毒（HIV）抗体的可靠性，以替代艾滋病病毒（HIV）蛋白印迹（Western blotting,WB)确认法。方法 79份初检与HIV抗体阳性的吸毒人员血清，重新统一用两种抗体初筛ELISA试剂（Vironostika HIV Uni-FormⅡ plus 0和UBI HIV-1/2EIA)进行复测，之后随机选择前51份样品进一步做WB确认，并做对比分析。结果 51份血清中，有49份样品2次初筛复测时至少有1次复测的结果显示为S／CO≥6，它们的WB确认结果均为HIV抗体阳性；其余的2份样品2次初筛复测时，其S／CO均＜6，但其中1份（样品“05”）的WB结果为HIV抗体阴性，1份（样品“584”）为HIV抗体阳性。确认为HIV阴性的样品“05”，在整个初筛的3次检测中曾2次出现过S／CO＞1；确认为HIV抗体阳性的样品“584”，虽然3次初筛检测中S／CO值均＞1，但因本试验中2次复测得到的S／CO都＜6，因而其确认结果亦显示出较少抗原带，即只有p24和Gp160。结论 两种不同原理的ELISA试剂（最好为进口试剂）联合检测HIV抗体可替代WB确认法，以监测具有一定HIV流行率的风险人群（如哨点监测人群）的HIV／艾滋病疫情。报告为HIV抗体阳性的临界判断指标采用2次初筛S／CO≥6应是可靠的；初筛中，对6＞S／CO≥1的样品在报告群体疫情时需用WB法进一步证实。凡涉及通知被检测者本人结果的样品，为慎重起见，应该采用WB法确认，即使2次初筛结果均为HIV抗体阳性的样品也需如此。     

HIV抗体ELISA阳性标本蛋白印迹确证试验的研究

用获ＦＤＡ准许的美国ＣａｍｂｒｉｄｇｅＢｉｏｔｅｃｈ公司ＨＩＶ－１蛋白印迹剂盒（ＷＢ）对ＨＩＶ－１／２抗体诊断试剂盒（ＥＬＩＳＡ）初筛阳性的６２份血清标本做确证试验。一次性确证ＨＩＶ抗体阳性者８名；阴性者１２名；不确定者４２名，对８名ＨＩＶ抗体不确定者做追访采样监测，其中１人１２天后ＷＢ血清ＨＩＶ抗体由不确定性转为阳性，另７人在６～１５个月经２～３次采样检测，ＷＢ区带反应无变化或略有变化，本研究证     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测猪血清的乙型脑炎抗体的评价

本文报告用酶联免疫吸附试验捕获法和间接法分别检测猪血清乙型脑炎IgM和IgG抗体。酶标法测得的IgM和IgG滴度与血凝抑制试验滴度显著相关。但前者可测出70％的IgG型抗体和63.3％的IgM型抗体,而后者仅56.7％阳性。在乙脑流行季节,两种类型的乙脑抗体出现几乎同样快。IgG可持续终身。IgM仅在短期内检测到,当表示猪乙脑新感染。     

快速酶联免疫吸附试验检测TORCH-IgM抗体的研究

目的建立快速检测TORCH-IgM抗体的方法。方法利用聚乙二醇（PEG）能加速抗原、抗体反应的特点,在常规间接ELISA法检测TORCH—IgM抗体基础上,在样本稀释液、酶标记物稀释液中各加入3％PEG,以缩短反应时间。结果温育时间缩短到15min（37℃）的快速ELISA法对检测人TORCH—IgM抗体强阳性、弱阳性、阴性标本具有稳定性好,精密性、特异性强的特点;稀释液中不加PEG的常规15min法,采用37℃、15min试验条件,可能会造成弱阳性标本漏检情况。结论快速ELISA法的建立为TORCH病原体感染的快速检测和流行病学调查提供了新的手段。     

HIV抗体ELISA阳性标本蛋白印迹确证试验的研究

用获ＦＤＡ准许的美国ＣａｍｂｒｉｄｇｅＢｉｏｔｅｃｈ公司ＨＩＶ－１蛋白印迹试剂盒（ＷＢ）对ＨＩＶ－１／２抗体诊断试剂盒（ＥＬＩＳＡ）初筛阳性的６２份血清标本做确证试验。一次性确证ＨＩＶ抗体阳性者８名；阴性者１２名；不确定者４２名。对８名ＨＩＶ抗体不确定者做追访采样监测，其中１人１２天后ＷＢ血清ＨＩＶ抗体由不确定性转为阳性，另７人在６～１５个月经２～３次采样检测，ＷＢ区带反应无变化或略有变化。本研究证实ＷＢ不确定者，若有ＨＩＶｅｎｖ（ｇｐ１６０、ｇｐ１２０、ｇｐ４１）区带反应，ＨＩＶ血清抗体可能转阳；若仅ＨＩＶｐｏｌ（ｐ３１、ｐ５１、ｐ６６）和／或ｇａｇ（Ｐ１７、Ｐ２４、Ｐ５５）区带反应，很大可能是非特异性反应。虽ＥＬＩＳＡ阳性，而ＷＢ不确定者血清主要呈ｐ２４抗体反应（４２．９％，１８／４２）与ｐ２４、ｐ１７抗体反应（２８．６％，１２／４２）。     

《日本血吸虫抗体检测标准酶联免疫吸附试验法》解读

遵循《卫生标准管理办法》相关规定,按照《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》（GB/T 1.1—2020）体例,编制《日本血吸虫抗体检测标准酶联免疫吸附试验法》。标准全文由六章组成,包括范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、仪器设备、试剂或材料、检测步骤。另附有2个资料性附录（主要试剂材料制备方法,检测步骤示意图和注意事项）。该标准已由国家卫生健康委员会发布通告（国卫通[2021] 11号）,定于2022年5月1日起实施。该标准的实施将进一步推进我国血吸虫病检测技术规范化进程,为全国实现消除血吸虫病目标提供重要的技术支撑。     

应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测猪囊虫病特异抗体的研究

用猪囊虫粗抗原、B 抗原、等电聚焦技术分离的抗原组份和特异单克隆抗体亲和层析抗原,以ELSA间接法检测猪囊虫病血清抗体,结果特异性均不理想。应用单克隆抗体分析查明,在某些囊虫抗原分子上既有特异性抗原位点,又有非特异性位点。用特异单克隆抗体以ELISA抑制法检测猪囊虫病血清抗体,结果完全消除了假阳性反应,病猪血清检出率为86.41％(89/103)。     

HIV1+2抗体筛查阳性与免疫印迹试验结果分析

目的 对比HIV1+2抗体筛查试验阳性与免疫印迹蛋白试验（WB）结果,探讨筛查与确认实验结果之间的关系,为HIV抗体诊断提供科学依据。方法 按照《全国艾滋病检测技术规范》2020修订版对河南省漯河市艾滋病筛查实验室送检疑似样本复核,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和快速胶体金试验（RT）两种方法检测,经复检后任何1种筛查试验结果呈现HIV阳性反应需进行WB试验,2种试剂复核结果与WB结果比较研究。结果 复检1 564份疑似样本经WB确认,1 420份呈现HIV型抗体阳性（90.79%）,74份阴性（4.73%）、70份不确定（4.48%）。2种筛查试验与WB结果的阳性符合率为90.93%和91.94%。结论 复核实验中酶联免疫试验吸光度值/临界值（S/CO）值越高,RT检测带越深,WB试验结果的阳性率也越高,HIV抗体阳性确认结果以WB为准。ELISA、RT存在一定的假阳性,而WB试验结果为HIV抗体阴性或不确定。     

酶联免疫吸附试验不稳定因素的分析

酶联免疫吸附试验 (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,简称 EL ISA)是本世纪 70年代发展起来的一种检测技术 ,具有敏感、特异、操作简便、重复性好等优点 ,已在疾病诊断、科研等医学领域中得到广泛应用。由于该技术涉及因素较多 ,在使用中常常遇到试验不够稳定的问题 ,笔者对不稳定因素进行了分析并将解决这些问题的一些经验和体会叙述如下。1　产品质量的影响1.1　酶标板 :目前广泛应用的固相载体有两种 ,即聚苯乙烯和聚氯乙烯微量反应板 ,简称酶标板。聚苯乙烯板质地坚硬 ,易于操作 ,但吸附能力较聚氯乙烯板差 ;聚氯乙烯吸附能力强 ,…     

HIV抗体筛查试剂联合检测替代免疫印迹法的对比分析

目的探讨用两种不同厂家或原理的HIV抗体初筛试剂联合检测,以替代免疫印迹法(WB),用于检测某些高危人群或特殊人群。方法用包括快速检测和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂在内的9种HIV抗体筛查试剂,对200份样本进行联合检测,对任意一种试剂检测阳性的样本进行WB检测。结果ELISA初筛有阳性反应(S/CO值>1)的样本,WB确认阳性率为81.93%。初筛阳性且有1种ELISA试剂S/CO值>6的样本,WB确认阳性率为100%。两种快速试剂检测均为阳性反应的,WB确认阳性率为100%。结论可以用两次ELISA、两种快速试剂或一种快速试剂加一种ELISA试剂联合检测替代WB。     

晚期肝癌中西医综合个体化治疗研究

目的探索中西医综合个体化治疗晚期肝癌的临床疗效.方法根据每位病人的具体情况,用介入治疗、抗癌中药等"攻邪",用中医药辨证施治汤剂、药膳等"扶正".结果完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)、稳定(SD)和恶化(DP)分别为7.50%、35.00%、40.00%和17.50%,生存时间为20.83±16.42个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为63.75%、31.82%和22.22%.结论中西医综合个体化治疗晚期肝癌可取得较好的临床效果,显著延长病人的生命.     

布鲁氏菌强毒感染和菌苗免疫绵羊的鉴别诊断实验研究

本文报道用多种诊断方法进行绵羊布鲁氏菌病人工强毒(544A和羊Ⅱ)感染和菌苗(M_5和Rev-1)免疫鉴别诊断的实验研究。结果表明:改良ELISA、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(圆盘电泳)及查抗原的“BA-免疫斑点”试验,基本能将感染和免疫的绵羊区分开来,而其它标准试管凝集反应、微量补体结合反应、L-半胱氨酸凝集试验、离子交换法等对鉴别强毒感染和菌苗免疫只有不同程度的参考价值或区别不开。     

Study on Characteristics for Reaming Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V with Two Kinds of Cemented-Carbide Groove Reamers

Titanium alloys have been extensively used in practical machining owing to their outstanding mechanical properties, high specific strength and low thermal deformation. In this study, the cutting experiments are carried out on Ti6Al4V material with right-hand and straight cemented-carbide groove reamers. The experimental results show that the cutting force with the right-hand reamer is smaller compared to straight groove reamer due to the groove structure. The main tool wear forms are micro-chipping, adhesive wear, abrasive wear, and coating falling off on the right-hand reamer, while there is a built-up edge and serious damage failure on the cutting edge of the straight groove reamer. Notch wear and pitting on the surface of the hole wall are mainly caused by chip adhesion and tool wear. The surface-roughness value is the lowest as the cutting speed is 60 m/min and the feed rate is 0.4 mm/rev. The holes machined by the right-hand reamer have a low hole diameter deviation with various cutting parameters. The geometric accuracy of cylindricity is higher as the feed rate is 0.4 mm/rev and the cutting speed is 40 m/min for both kinds of reamers, and the cylindricity is better with the right-hand reamer.     

新疆阿尔泰山和西部天山牛源细粒棘球蚴原头节感染不同品系小鼠后发育情况的比较

用新疆西部天山区域和阿尔泰山区域牛源细粒棘球蚴（Echinococcus granulosusE.g)原头节实验感染不同品系小鼠后的不同时期剖检,比较观察细粒棘球蚴在其体内的发育情况。结果为四种小鼠的继发性细粒棘球蚴囊在雌性鼠中的发育较雄性间的为快,在四种小鼠中,西部天山牛源E.g比阿尔泰山牛源E.g的发育较好,生长亦较快,感染后10个月,西部天山牛源E.g在鼠体内出现了发育成熟的原头节,而阿尔泰山牛源E.g到第12个月时仅有一只鼠出现发育成熟的原头节,表明西部天山牛源E.g与阿尔泰山牛源E.g在四种小鼠中的发育情况存在着明显的差别。     

Combined Measurement of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Carcinoembryonic Antigen as a Prognostic Marker for Patients with Dukes A and B Colorectal Cancer: Results of a Five-Year Study

Purpose There is no marker capable of differentiating patients with Dukes A and B colorectal cancer with aggressive diseases from those with indolent diseases. We evaluated the results of five years of actuarial survival data to determine whether serial monitoring of serum hepatocyte growth factor could provide prognostic information on these patients. Methods Blood samples of 147 colorectal cancer patients were obtained and the serum concentration of hepatocyte growth factor was measured. Results Elevated serum hepatocyte growth factor levels were associated with stage progression. Although the overall positive rate of hepatocyte growth factor in the patients was the same as that of the carcinoembryonic antigen, the positive rate of hepatocyte growth factor in the Dukes A patients was two times higher than that of the carcinoembryonic antigen, and nearly 40 percent of the carcinoembryonic antigen-negative patients had a positive serum hepatocyte growth factor in the Dukes A and B classification. In this subgroup, patients with positive serum hepatocyte growth factor or carcinoembryonic antigen levels had a poorer prognosis, whereas positive serum hepatocyte growth factor level after surgery could predict disease recurrence. Conclusions A combination of serum hepatocyte growth factor and carcinoembryonic antigen tests might be useful for selecting patients with aggressive diseases in Dukes A and B classification.     

Serum Ferritin is a Reliable, Non-invasive Test for Iron Status in Pregnancy: Comparison of Ferritin with Other Iron Status Markers in a Longitudinal Study on Healthy Pregnant Women; Erythropoiesis

Background and Aims: To assess the true positive and false positive rates of the iron status markers (serum iron, serum transferrin, transferrin saturation, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte count) in the diagnosis of depleted iron stores (iron depletion) during normal pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: Among 120 pregnant women, 58 were randomised to placebo-treatment and 62 to iron-treatment (66 mg ferrous iron daily from 14 weeks of gestation). Iron status markers were measured every 4th week during pregnancy and 8 weeks postpartum. Iron depletion was defined by a serum ferritin concentration < 16 &mgr;g/L. The 5th percentiles for the other iron status markers in the group of iron-treated women were used as cut-off values. Calculations were made in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, praepartum and postpartum. Results: In general, the true positive rates of other iron status markers in the diagnosis of iron depletion (serum ferritin < 16 &mgr;g/L) were low ranging from 0% to 52% during pregnancy and from 9% to 64% postpartum. Transferrin saturation and MCH displayed the highest true positive rates. The false positive rates ranged from 0% to 13% during pregnancy and from 4% to 17% postpartum. Haemoglobin and MCH displayed the highest false positive rates. Conclusions: The sensitivities of the other iron status markers were too low and the false positive rates too high to be of clinical value in the diagnosis of iron depletion. Despite physiologic variations due to haemodilution, the serum ferritin concentration is currently the most reliable non-invasive marker of iron status in pregnancy and postpartum.     

The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on attention and inhibitory control of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Study protocol for a randomized,sham-controlled,triple-blind,cross-over trial

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Despite the proven efficacy of pharmacological treatment, many individuals continue to suffer socially and academically and some experience significant side effects that negate the use psychotropic drugs. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a cortical neuromodulation feature that has shown positive results in the treatment of various neuropsychiatric conditions.Objectives:To investigate the effect of tDCS on the performance of children and adolescents with ADHD in the neuropsychological tests of visual attention, verbal, and inhibitory control.Methodology:Triple blind, randomized, sham-controlled, cross-over trial involving tDCS in children and adolescents with ADHD. Initial screening will be performed using Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham – IVand Wechsler intelligence scale for children fourth edition vocabulary and cube subtests. Individuals will be evaluated pre-tDCS and post-tDCS with the Wechsler intelligence scale for children fourth edition Digitus subtest, neuropsychological assessment battery second edition inhibiting responses subtest, Corsi cubes, and visual attention test-4.     

Multicenter prospective investigation on efficacy and safety of carperitide as a first-line drug for acute heart failure syndrome with preserved blood pressure: COMPASS: Carperitide Effects Observed Through Monitoring Dyspnea in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Study

BACKGROUND: Recently, vasodilators have been increasingly being recognized as useful for the treatment of acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS). Although carperitide (alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide) has vasodilatory, diuretic and organ-protective effects, its efficacy and safety for the first-line drug treatment of AHFS have not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective observational study was performed in AHFS patients with preserved systolic blood pressure (SBP >or=120 mmHg), pulmonary congestion and dyspnea who were receiving carperitide monotherapy. The analysis was conducted in 1,832 patients (male: 52.7%; mean age: 75.1+/-12.7 years). The initial SBP was 151.1+/-25.7 mmHg; 62.0% were diagnosed as having acutely decompensated chronic heart failure and 78.8% were assessed as functional class III-IV according to New York Heart Association classification. Carperitide was administered at an initial dosage of 0.025-0.05 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) in 50.4% of patients. In 1,524 patients (83.2%), carperitide monotherapy restored the acute phase and improved the degree of dyspnea as assessed using the modified Borg scale. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was 4.64%; the most frequently reported adverse reaction was hypotension (3.55%). CONCLUSION: In the present study, following carperitide monotherapy, 83.2% of AHFS patients recovered from the acute phase. Based on these findings, carperitide seems useful for the first-line drug treatment of AHFS in patients with pulmonary congestion and preserved blood pressure.