可膨胀石墨与含磷阻燃剂对聚氨酯硬泡性能影响研究

通过试验研究比较了可膨胀石墨(EG)、含磷阻燃聚醚多元醇(F-7190)和磷酸三乙酯(TEP)对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)氧指数和燃烧性能的影响,同时考察了这几种阻燃剂对RPUF的压缩强度、导热系数等物理性能的影响。结果表明,EG的阻燃效果最好,F-7190、TEP的添加对含EG的RPUF极限氧指数的提高有促进作用,不同膨胀倍率的EG对RPUF的阻燃效果和物理性能的影响不同。RPUF的压缩强度随F-7190含量的增加略有增加,随TEP、EG含量的增加而减小。RPUF的导热系数随F-7190、TEP和EG含量的增加而增大,但存在一定的差异,其中EG的影响最大。     

使用可膨胀石墨与磷氮系阻燃剂协效制备阻燃UHMWPE

采用可膨胀石墨(EG)和磷氮系膨胀型阻燃剂制备阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE).研究了EG的粒径对其阻燃性能的影响,磷氮系阻燃剂的3个组分聚磷酸铵(APP)、三聚氰胺(MEL)、季戊四醇(PER),各自与可膨胀石墨复配阻燃时其阻燃效果的差异.使用极限氧指数(LOI)法和UL94防火等级法表征材料的阻燃效果.结果表明:EG的粒径越大,其作为阻燃剂的阻燃效果就越好.EG与APP的复配效果最好,当两者的质量比例为EG∶APP =2∶1时,体系的协效阻燃效果最佳.协效阻燃UHMWPE的力学性能和耐磨性能也比单一使用EG阻燃时得到较大的改善.     

可膨胀石墨复合阻燃剂对硬质聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能的影响

采用可膨胀石墨(EG)分别与三种不同类型的阻燃剂磷酸三乙酯(TEP)、三-(β-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)和氢氧化铝(ATH)进行复配,得到三种复合阻燃剂,并制备出具有高阻燃性能的硬质聚氨酯(PU)泡沫材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)测试,对比了三种复合阻燃剂的阻燃效果,探讨了EG分别与三种阻燃剂的协同阻燃作用。结果表明:EG与三种阻燃剂之间均具有协同阻燃作用,但其存在一定差异,EG和ATH、TEP联用时可以得到较好的阻燃效果。     

结构阻燃型腰果酚基硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制备及性能研究

以三聚氰胺改性腰果酚基阻燃多元醇和异氰酸酯为主要原料,采用环戊烷为发泡剂,添加无卤阻燃膨胀型阻燃剂石墨(EG)、匀泡剂等制备无卤阻燃生物基硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。探讨结构阻燃型聚醚多元醇、阻燃剂的添加对生物基硬质聚氨酯泡沫的热性能、燃烧性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着阻燃剂的增加,导热系数和固化时间增加;添加相同阻燃剂的泡沫样品其阻燃性能随着添加量的增加而增加,EG在提高氧指数方面优于聚磷酸铵(APP)和乙基膦酸二乙酯(DEEP),固体阻燃剂APP和EG在增加力学性能、热稳定性方面较液体阻燃剂DEEP效果好。     

两种阻燃剂复配对聚氨酯泡沫结构及阻燃性影响

三聚氰胺是氮系阻燃剂,具有无卤、低毒、无腐蚀、阻燃效率高且价格低廉等特点,因此,具有广泛的适用范围。可膨胀石墨(EG)能够受热迅速膨胀,在材料表面迅速形成有效的阻隔,其表面的EG会剧烈膨胀并覆盖于材料表面,能够抑制可燃性气体从材料中溢出,隔绝了外界氧气与材料的接触,同时阻碍了燃烧热向材料内部传递。将无卤的有机阻燃剂三聚氰胺和无机阻燃剂EG作为研究对象,研究了2种阻燃剂单独使用对阻燃性能的影响,以及2种阻燃剂复配使用时对阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,当无机阻燃剂EG单独使用时较有机阻燃剂三聚氰胺单独使用时的阻燃性能更佳;有机-无机无卤阻燃剂复合使用时,协同阻燃效果较好。当EG和三聚氰胺按照4∶2的比例加入时,聚氨酯泡沫材料的氧指数可达34. 1,该试样在600℃时,失重率约为52. 6%,而未加阻燃剂试样反应在600℃时,失重率约为75%,复配阻燃剂试样与不添加阻燃剂的样品相较热稳定性更佳,阻燃性能显著增加。     

复合无卤阻燃剂对聚氨酯硬泡阻燃性能的影响

以膨胀石墨(EG)分别和三聚氰胺(MA)或磷酸三乙酯(TEP)组成2种无卤复合型阻燃剂,用于聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃。结果表明,每100份聚醚多元醇,当EG用量均为10份,第二种阻燃剂MA或TEP添加量为15~25份时,所得的聚氨酯硬泡的氧指数可提高至27.0~29.7,说明复合阻燃剂使聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃性能明显提高;密度约为45 kg/m3的阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的压缩强度在192~252 k Pa范围,与未阻燃聚氨酯硬泡相比有所下降;导热系数在21.2~22.5 m W/(m·K)范围。     

复合无机无卤阻燃剂改性聚氨酯泡沫及性能研究

以聚磷酸铵(APP)为主要阻燃剂,复配可膨胀石墨(EG)和膨润土作为阻燃剂和改性剂,制备了完全无机且无卤阻燃剂改性的硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)。在固定无机阻燃剂及改性剂总量的条件下,研究了膨润土和EG用量及比例对RPUF的热稳定性、阻燃性能、力学性能、泡孔结构等的影响。结果表明,随膨润土或EG含量的增大,泡沫的压缩强度先增大后减小,二者含量分别为10%和5%时压缩强度最大。EG对泡沫阻燃性能的提高有显著影响,但同时也会使泡孔孔径增大;而膨润土作为泡沫成核剂能明显减小孔径。通过热重分析表明膨润土和EG的加入能明显增强泡沫的热稳定性。当APP为泡沫总质量的15%,膨润土为5%,EG为5%时,可以制得阻燃性能、力学性能和泡沫孔径较佳平衡的阻燃泡沫材料。在该条件下,泡沫的压缩强度为0.42 MPa,泡沫平均孔径为434μm,LOI值达到29%。     

PM/PEPA协同阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能研究

将磷酸三聚氰胺盐(PM)和季戊四醇磷酸酯(PEPA)复配成一种新型的无卤阻燃剂,并对硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)塑料进行阻燃。利用极限氧指数(LOI)和热重分析(TGA)考察了阻燃RPUF的阻燃性能及热降解行为,采用残炭率和燃烧试验对阻燃RPUF进行测试分析。结果表明,PM和PEPA按质量比为1∶1复配而成的阻燃剂对RPUF塑料阻燃时效果优异,在阻燃剂添加量为16%时,RPUF氧指数达到24.3%左右,500℃时残炭率为37.4%。PM和PEPA复配能使RPUF高温燃烧时形成较稳定的炭层,对RPUF塑料具有阻燃协同作用。     

IFR/AHP和IFR/EG阻燃发泡聚氨酯的应用研究

将次磷酸铝(AHP)及膨胀石墨(EG)与膨胀阻燃剂(Orient IFR603)进行复配后添加到聚氨酯中制备阻燃硬质发泡聚氨酯(RPUF)材料,研究了IFR/AHP和IFR/EG阻燃发泡聚氨酯材料的阻燃性能、表观密度、力学性能及热降解行为、泡孔结构。结果表明,AHP及EG与IFR对阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料具有一定的协效作用。IFR及IFR/AHP阻燃体系的加入会使得RPUF的压缩性能有所提升,但IFR/EG阻燃体系降低了材料的压缩性能。阻燃剂的加入改变了聚氨酯泡沫体系的热降解过程。阻燃剂的加入对聚氨酯泡沫材料的泡孔影响不大,阻燃剂的加入使RPUF材料燃烧后碳层更加的致密和均匀。     

复配阻燃剂对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃性能的影响

研究了甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)、尿素(UC)、磷酸三乙酯(TEP)单独添加及复配使用对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,UC与DMMP及TEP复配是气相和凝聚相双相协同阻燃机理的复合阻燃剂;UC与DMMP,UC与TEP复配阻燃RPUF,可达到垂直燃烧分级V0级;UC／DMMP复配使用,UC和DMMP含量分别为15%和25%时,其阻燃RPUF的氧指数最高,为27.3%,阻燃性能优于UC／TEP复配阻燃RPUF;复配阻燃RPUF的压缩强度比单独填充UC体系高,呈现协同作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.