在点模型上实现三维纹理合成的算法

为了避免网格重建过程而直接在三维点采样表面上进行纹理合成,研究了在点模型上的三维纹理合成的算法。利用KDtree这种数据结构在离散采样点上构建点与点的邻域关系,通过投影和建立匹配窗得到每一个待合成纹理的点与样图的映射关系,根据映射关系在样图中找出与待定点纹理值最佳匹配的点。最后将该匹配点的纹理值赋给待定点,同时结合邻域关系实现多点同时赋值。实验结果表明,该算法能有效地保持了生成的纹理结构和视觉效果的连续性和平滑性,具有耗时短、灵活可控、较好的鲁棒性等特点。     

基于场向参数化的肌肉纤维纹理合成研究

虚拟手术系统研究是计算机图形学的一个重要领域,为了提高肌肉纤维纹理合成的真实感与实时性,文章采用了基于场向参数化的方法,并结合最光滑方向场进行了三维模型上的肌肉纤维纹理映射与合成,通过布置奇异点,模拟肌肉纤维损伤的状态。该系统实现了场向参数化的可视化及肌肉纤维纹理合成的简单交互,实验结果表明,系统的实时性与真实感均得到提高。     

多种子快速纹理合成

为避免纹理映射引起的接缝和扭曲,近几年人们提出了一些纹理合成方法。但大多数只能处理部分纹理,而且相当费时,为此,提出一种新的纹理合成算法,该算法在样图中选取多个种子,并将其预置到合成图中作为实始匹配点,然后通过螺旋状路径,在初始匹配点领域搜索寻找新匹配点进行合成,以此循环,直至合成图充满为止,该方法大大加快了合成速度,与穷尽搜索法相比,合成速度平均可以提高360倍,特别是在亮度空间合成时,在合成图象质量与RGB空间结果基本相同的情况下,可以实现进一步加速,另外,该算法还可合成沿方向变化的纹理,对不同纹理进行合成实验,其结果令人满意。     

基于样图的木材体纹理绘制方法

传统的体纹理绘制方法采用函数模型定义体纹理空间的颜色,模拟不同的纹理特征需要反复调整与测试相关参数,且在多数情况下不能获得令人满意的结果.以木材体纹理绘制为例,提出了一种基于样图的体纹理绘制新方法.该方法针对木材纹理的结构特点构造样图空间与体纹理空间的几何映射关系,采用木纹样图的像素纹理值定义体纹理空间的颜色.实验结果表明,绘制的纹理不仅较好地模拟了木纹样图中的纹理特征,而且在物体各表面交界处保持连续.由于纹理样图可根据用户需要任意选取,基于样图的体纹理绘制方法显著提高了计算机生成木纹的真实感与多样性.     

基于样图的层式体纹理合成算法

针对深度方向上具有特征差异的层式纹理,提出一种基于样图的体纹理合成算法。采用基于全局优化的合成框架,在预处理中生成反映样图深度方向上特征差异的特征分布图,将其纳入相似性度量,合成时考虑3个正交方向上的邻域相似性,并利用k相关性搜索进行迭代优化。实验结果表明,该算法能保证合成纹理在深度方向上特征分布的相似性及水平截面的特征合理性,具有较高的合成质量和较快的收敛速度。     

可控的连续多尺度纹理合成

针对同一幅合成图像的不同区域间,如何实现纹理图案的多尺度连续变化,提出一种基于像素的多尺度纹理合成算法。在逐像素点合成的基础上,通过为已知匹配点建立一个到连续的多分辨率样图的正向映射,并重新采样合成像素点,实现合成结果的任意尺度连续渐变的可控性。实验证明该方法不增加大量的处理时间,并可适用于大多数基于样图的逐点合成方法。     

特征控制下的多样图地形纹理合成算法

针对三维虚拟室外场景的建模与绘制需求,提出一种多样图地形纹理合成算法。以地形数字高程模型数据和样图集为基础,根据用户自定义的纹理合成规则控制地形的高程值和坡度特征,并自动合成地形纹理。实验结果表明,利用该算法合成的纹理能够较好地反映自然界地形的分布情况,增强三维场景绘制的真实感。     

运用局部纹理映射加速曲面纹理合成

基于样图的纹理合成方法能够在网格曲面上合成高质量纹理,但合成速度有待进一步提高,对此提出一种运用局部纹理映射加速曲面纹理合成的算法.首先以三角形法向量、切向矢量与纹理尺度为约束,将三角网格曲面分割为一系列映射区与合成区;然后用基于块的平面纹理合成方法生成大面积样图,用调和映射方法对映射区进行纹理映射;最后采用基于三角块的合成方法生成合成区纹理.实验结果表明,该算法对一般的随机性纹理与半结构性纹理具有很高的合成质量,能够控制纹理方向与尺度的变化.由于大部分三角形的纹理通过局部纹理映射得到,仅需要合成少数三角形的纹理,纹理合成过程得到大幅度地加速.     

螺旋状匹配搜索的块拼贴纹理合成

基于样图的纹理合成方法是继纹理映射、过程纹理合成等方法后发展起来的一种纹理拼贴方法。该文在Efros块拼贴算法和徐晓刚的螺旋状点匹配搜索算法基础上,提出了一种螺旋状匹配搜索的块拼贴算法。该算法利用纹理块的连惯性,在搜索待合成纹理块时,在已合成纹理块在样本图像中位置的邻域进行搜索,找到匹配纹理块后进行输出。该方法大大加快了纹理合成的速度,与Efros块拼贴算法相比,在合成质量不变的基础上,合成速度平均提高了10倍。对于不同的纹理进行实验,其结果也令人满意。     

基于特征约束点的纹理映射算法

纹理映射技术用于生成物体表面的纹理细节,是真实感图形技术的重要组成部分,也是计算机图形学的一个重要研究方向.针对目前很多纹理映射算法计算量大,方法比较复杂的缺点,应用Candide3作为三维网格模型,提出了一种快速有效的基于特征约束点的纹理映射算法.通过在三维网格模型和纹理图像上选取少量对应的特征约束点,利用三角网格剖分算法在纹理图像上建立选取特征点的三角网格.进而通过求取质心坐标的方法计算出三维网格模型上所有特征点的纹理坐标并完成整个三维网格模型的纹理映射.实验结果表明,提出的算法计算速度较快,能够得到高真实度的纹理映射效果,并且适用于不同纹理图像映射到同一三维网格模型上.     

三维离散点采样表面基于全局优化的纹理合成算法

提出了一个直接在三维离散点采样表面上进行基于全局优化的纹理合成算法．算法首先对点模型表面进行基于协方差分析的递归式聚类削分，然后通过对各初始聚类进行优化调整和区域生长，得到更为均匀的计算单元块且使相邻单元块间具有重叠区域．基于所得到的计算单元块和样本纹理，在点模型表面上建立了一个全局的纹理合成能量方程，并采用最大期卑值算法迭代优化求解出一个全局的能量最小值．在全局优化算法中，通过加入的约束条件，进而给出了点模型颜色纹理的修复算法和流引导的可控纹理合成算法．由于点模型表面离散点元的稠密性，通过对离散点元的法向基于纹理合成结果进行相应的扰动，进一步增强了表面纹理的几何粗糙感．实验结果表明，该文的算法在点采样几何表面上有效地保持了生成的纹理结构和视觉效果的连续性和平滑性，得到了令人满意的结果。     

A unified method for appearance and geometry completion of point set surfaces

This paper presents a novel approach for appearance and geometry completion over point-sampled geometry. Based on the result of surface clustering and a given texture sample, we define a global texture energy function on the point set surface for direct texture synthesis. The color texture completion is performed by minimizing a constrained global energy using the existing surface texture on the surface as the input texture sample. We convert the problem of context-based geometry completion into a task of texture completion on the surface. The geometric detail is then peeled and converted into a piece of signed gray-scale texture on the base surface of the point set surface. We fill the holes on the base surface by smoothed extrapolation and the geometric details over these patches are reconstructed by a process of gray-scale texture completion. Experiments show that our method is flexible, efficient and easy to implement. It provides a practical texture synthesis and geometry completion tool for 3D point set surfaces.     

Detail-generating geometry completion for point-sampled geometry

In this paper, we present a novel method for detail-generating geometry completion over point-sampled geometry. The main idea consists of converting the context-based geometry completion into the detail-based texture completion on the surface. According to the influence region of boundary points surrounding a hole, a smooth patch covering the hole is first constructed using radial base functions. By applying region-growing clustering to the patch, the patching units for further completion with geometry details is then produced, and using the trilateral filtering operator formulated by us, the geometry-detail texture of each sample point on the input geometry is determined. The geometry details on the smooth completed patch are finally generated by optimizing a constrained global texture energy function on the point-sampled surfaces. Experimental results demonstrate that the method can achieve efficient completed patches that not only conform with their boundaries, but also contain the plausible 3D surface details.     

基于球面参数化的点模型渐变

为了获得光滑自然的点模型渐变效果,基于球面参数化,提出了一种鲁棒的渐变算法。该算法首先对源和目标模型进行球面参数化,使得参数化后的模型嵌入到单位球面上;然后在球面上自适应地对齐模型间的相应特征点,并将球面映射到矩形参数域上,基于该域建立模型间各采样点的对应关系;接着在渐变过程中,采用拉普拉斯算子计算出中间点模型的几何位置,以保持模型的细节;最后利用移动最小二乘曲面进行动态上采样,以消除中间模型的裂缝。实验结果表明,该算法具有良好匹配的采样点对应和光滑的渐变过程。     

Interactive texture design and synthesis from mesh sketches

Geometry mesh introduces user control into texture synthesis and editing, and brings more variations in the synthesized results. But still two problems related remain in need of better solutions. One problem is generating the meshes with desired size and pattern efficiently from easier user inputs. The other problem is improving the quality of synthesized results with mesh information. We present a new two-step texture design and synthesis method that addresses these two problems. Besides example texture, a small piece of mesh sketch drawn by hand or detected from example texture is input to our algorithm. And then a mesh synthesis method of geometry space is provided to avoid optimizations cell by cell. Distance and orientation features are introduced to improve the quality of mesh rasterization. Results show that with our method, users can design and synthesize textures from mesh sketches easily and interactively.     

Differentials-based segmentation and parameterization for point-sampled surfaces

Efficient parameterization of point-sampled surfaces is a fundamental problem in the field of digital geometry processing. In order to parameterize a given point-sampled surface for minimal distance distortion, a differentialslbased segmentation and parameterization approach is proposed in this paper. Our approach partitions the point-sampled geometry based on two criteria： variation of Euclidean distance between sample points, and angular difference between surface differential directions. According to the analysis of normal curvatures for some specified directions, a new projection approach is adopted to estimate the local surface differentials. Then a k-means clustering （k-MC） algorithm is used for partitioning the model into a set of charts based on the estimated local surface attributes. Finally, each chart is parameterized with a statistical method -- multidimensional scaling （MDS） approach, and the parameterization results of all charts form an atlas for compact storage.     

基于单幅图像的真实感人体动画合成

由于单幅图像缺失三维信息以及完整的纹理信息,基于单幅图像的真实感三维人体动画合成极具挑战性。针对单幅图像三维信息缺失问题,提出了一种基于SMPL参数模型的三维人体几何重建方法。该方法以单幅图像为输入,先根据输入图像人体轮廓信息变形标准的SMPL参数模型分别生成与目标轮廓一致的正反面的三维几何模型,然后利用基于B样条插值的网格拼接融合算法拼接正反面三维几何,最后为了恢复正确的手部几何,利用基于B样条插值的网格拼接融合算法,将重建后的模型上错误的手部几何用标准SMPL参数模型上正确的手部几何替换。同时,针对单幅图像中纹理缺失的问题,提出了一个称为FBN（front to back network）的对抗生成网络,用于恢复被遮挡的人体背面纹理。实验结果表明,该方法生成的具有完整纹理的人体几何能够由3D运动数据驱动运动,生成具有高度真实感的三维人体动画。     

Orientation Field Guided Texture Synthesis

We present a framework for example-based texture synthesis with feature directions aligned to vector fields with 2-way rotational symmetry, also known as orientation fields.Through a simple variational formulation, the framework allows the user to design the orientation field with intuitive controls, by interactively manipulating singularities and field directions. The resulting field is then used to guide a parallel synthesis.Our contribution is twofold: a design tool for orientation fields with a natural boundary condition, and a parallel texture synthesis adapted specifically for using such fields in feature alignment.We demonstrate the advantages of the procedure through examples on planar and curved patches with trivial topology.     

点模型的多分辨率形状编辑

提出了一种基于几何细节映射的点模型的形状编辑方法.几何细节是曲面的一个重要属性,定义几何细节为原始曲面及其基曲面之间的向量差,该基曲面由多层次B样条所构成.通过基曲面上的局部仿射坐标,则可以得到与之对应的多分辨率几何细节表示,曲面的低频信息和高频信息易被用户所指定的频段分离.通过调节基曲面的形状,再将这些几何细节映射上去,可以对模型进行保细节的变形;如果将几何细节映射到其他物体上,将可以得到几何细节迁移的结果.为点模型开发了多种特征保持的编辑算子,实验结果表明,所提出的方法是一种有效的点模型造型算法.     

Texturing fluids

We present a novel technique for synthesizing textures over dynamically changing fluid surfaces. We use both image textures as well as bump maps as example inputs. Image textures can enhance the rendering of the fluid by either imparting realistic appearance to it or by stylizing it, whereas bump maps enable the generation of complex micro-structures on the surface of the fluid that may be very difficult to synthesize using simulation. To generate temporally coherent textures over a fluid sequence, we transport texture information, i.e. color and local orientation, between free surfaces of the fluid from one time step to the next. This is accomplished by extending the texture information from the first fluid surface to the 3D fluid domain, advecting this information within the fluid domain along the fluid velocity field for one time step, and interpolating it back onto the second surface -- this operation, in part, uses a novel vector advection technique for transporting orientation vectors. We then refine the transported texture by performing texture synthesis over the second surface using our "surface texture optimization" algorithm, which keeps the synthesized texture visually similar to the input texture and temporally coherent with the transported one. We demonstrate our novel algorithm for texture synthesis on dynamically evolving fluid surfaces in several challenging scenarios.