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淀粉是玉米种子中含量最高的物质,达70%左右,萌发时会在淀粉酶的作用下,分解转化为小分子的单糖、寡糖等,以保证生长的需要。乳酸发酵产生的乳酸既使产品具有乳酸香味,又可抑制腐败微生物的生长;同时,由于pH下降,原料中的内源酶作用受到限制,这对保持原料品质十分重要。本文研究了萌发玉米粉在乳酸发酵中的应用。结果表明:萌发玉米粉能很好促进酸乳中的双歧杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的生长。随着培养时间的增加,菌 相似文献
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乳酸菌发酵麸皮酸面团对高纤维面包面团流变发酵学及烘焙特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用植物乳杆菌发酵大麦麸皮和小麦麸皮,研究了麸皮酸面团发酵时间和添加量对面包面团pH、总酸度值(TTA值)、面团流变发酵特性和面包品质的影响.结果表明,向面团中添加10% ~30%未发酵(发酵时间为0h)的大麦或者小麦麸皮酸面团,随添加量增加,面包面团的pH和TTA值均有所增加;随着发酵时间的延长和添加量的增加,面包面团pH逐渐降低,TTA值逐渐增加.适当发酵时间(8或16h)和添加量(20%)的麸皮酸面团对面包面团发酵流变学特性有一定的改善作用,发酵8h的大麦麸皮酸面团和发酵16h的小麦麸皮酸面团,当添加量为20%时,与空白组的面团最大膨胀高度(Hm)、气体泄漏时间(Tx)和保留系数(R)最相近.当酸面团发酵时间过长(24h)或添加量过多(30%)时,Hm、Tx和R值均降低.随未发酵麸皮酸面团添加量增加,面包比容减小,硬度增大,面包芯结构变得松散不致密,气孔增大.不论大麦麸皮酸面团还是小麦麸皮酸面团,当其发酵时间为8~16h,添加量为20%时,所制得的面包比容较大,硬度较小,气孔稠密度(CD)和气孔表面积分率(AF)均较大,感官评分高,最接近空白组. 相似文献
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为探讨糯玉米粉对小麦面粉品质的影响,将不同含量的糯玉米粉添加到小麦粉中,用粉质仪和拉伸仪测定了糯玉米面粉的面团流变学特性,并研究添加糯玉米粉对面包品质的影响。结果表明,随着糯玉米粉添加量从4%增加到16%,小麦面团的形成时间、稳定时间减少,弱化度增加,除4%添加量外其余的综合评价值均降低;面团的R5阻力、拉伸长度、最大拉伸阻力呈现先增加后减少的趋势,在添加量4%时达到较好水平;湿面筋含量、面筋指数在添加量4%时达到峰值。焙烤制得面包比容下降,感官评分在添加量为4%时高于对照组,随后随着糯玉米粉添加量的增加降低。综合研究表明,添加4%糯玉米粉有助于改善面团的流变特性及面包的品质。 相似文献
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为研究混合乳酸菌发酵对杂粮面团及馒头品质的影响,将黄豌豆粉、莜麦粉、谷朊粉及燕麦β-葡聚糖(oatmeal β-glucan,OBG)复配成杂粮粉基质,利用直投式混合乳酸菌发酵剂发酵面团制作馒头。探究乳酸菌在面团中的酸化能力,分析杂粮面团中OBG、抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)和游离氨基酸含量的变化以及面团的微观结构变化,并对发酵前后的杂粮馒头和小麦粉馒头进行品质及营养特性比较。结果表明,在发酵杂粮面团中乳酸菌酸化能力强,发酵24 h后乳酸和乙酸质量浓度分别达到24.85、8.98 mg/mL。与未发酵的杂粮面团相比,乳酸菌发酵杂粮面团中OBG含量下降32.56%,RS含量上升32.88%,游离氨基酸总量提升至1.46倍,氨基酸组成模式更优,部分蛋白质和纤维素发生降解,面筋网络结构更加紧密且连续。在营养方面,乳酸菌发酵前后的杂粮馒头膳食纤维质量分数均高于6%,蛋白质质量分数分别为40.35%和38.38%,属于高纤维高蛋白食品,显著优于小麦粉馒头。乳酸菌发酵杂粮馒头具有更高的体外蛋白消化率和比容,且乳酸菌发酵杂粮馒头感官评价总评分显著高于未发酵杂粮馒头,整体可接受度... 相似文献
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The utilization of sprout‐damaged wheat flour in pre‐fermentation for sour dough bread‐baking increased lactic acid formation and titratable acidity several fold in comparison to the use of baker's wheat flour, and also resulted in a lactic acid to acetic acid molar ratio acceptable for sour dough bread. Further, enzymic treatment of the sprout‐damaged wheat flour with malted grain flour appared to be necessary for a properly balanced acid formation although the α‐amylase activity of sprout‐damaged wheat flour was quite high. The accumulation of lactic acid in the pre‐ferment decreased in the presence of yeast, and thus the molar ratio of lactic to acetic acid could be adjusted suitable for sour bread‐baking even with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Finally, when using mixed culture pre‐ferments of Lactobacillus brevis and Propionibacterium jensenii, at least 0.1% of propionic acid (based on flour weight), sufficient to prevent mold growth in the final bread, was obtained. 相似文献
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Dietary fat continues to be a major research priority because of its association with heart disease, cancer and other chronic diseases. On the other hand emerging data suggest that trans fatty acids may raise blood levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol to much the same extent as saturated fatty acids. In this research cis and trans fatty acid composition of unfermented and fermented corn bread as well as flour used in the recipe, and dough samples were determined. Unfermented bread samples were made of corn flour, and fermented breads were made of corn flour-wheat flour mix (1/1) by the traditional straight dough method. Samples, including flour, dough and bread, were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography for their fatty acid compositions. According to the results obtained, unfermented and fermented bread dough have the same fatty acid composition as the flour used in the recipe. Dough fermentation did not effect the fatty acid composition of corn bread. However, fatty acid composition changed slightly in the baked bread. The levels of palmitic, stearic and oleic acid increased, and those of linoleic, linolenic, arachidic and eicosenoic acids decreased, compared to flour and dough. Trans linolenic acid was also detected in both unfermented and fermented corn bread at a level of 0.1%. Slight changes in the fatty acid composition and formation of trans linolenic acid were a result of baking temperature. 相似文献
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采用顶空固相微萃取技术和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对比分析荞麦和小麦在不同发酵剂作用下发酵过程中产生香气成分的差异。并基于保留指数和质谱鉴定对挥发性化合物进行鉴定。研究发现未发酵荞麦面团检出38?种香气成分,在酵母和乳酸菌发酵过程中共分别检测出80?种和63?种香气成分;未发酵小麦面团检出11?种香气成分,在酵母和乳酸菌发酵过程中共分别产生42?种和17?种。发酵过程中,荞麦和小麦面团香气种类增加,其中荞麦面团呈现更多香气成分。烃类和酯类是荞麦面团酵母发酵前后主要香气成分,烃类主要为单萜烯和倍半萜烯类,酯类是荞麦面团经乳酸菌发酵前后主要香气成分。小麦经过酵母发酵产生香气成分包括烃类、酯类、醇类、酸类、醛类及醚类,经过乳酸菌发酵产生香气成分种类相对较少,有烃类、酯类、酮类及醛类。荞麦发酵后产生更多活性香气成分。酵母和乳酸菌发酵荞麦和小麦后,香气成分有明显差异。在发酵过程中,香气成分随着发酵时间延长而发生转化。 相似文献
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以玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)、玉米淀粉、沙蒿胶为原料,制备了zein基无麸质模拟面团(Z面团)。基于粉质检测,比较了不同乳酸含量的zein模拟面团在揉混成型时(扭矩达1.1Nm;设为ZS面团)与揉混12 min时(设为ZL面团)面团的揉混扭矩、水分组成情况,以及蛋白分布状态;研究耐揉混面团的最佳乳酸添加量,通过一定时长揉混作用下,不同乳酸含量的面团中zein理化性质,讨论了经长时间揉混面团逐渐弱化的原因,为zein模拟面团的加工、相关谷物制品的制备提供参考。结果表明,添加少量乳酸能促使zein在面团中构建起蛋白质网络,但长时间的揉混会导致酸化面团强度下降,破坏面团中zein网络连贯性,降低zein对淀粉颗粒包裹水平,面团中弱结合水占比下降、游离水占比增加,zein发生脱酰胺反应、表面疏水性上升、相对分子质量下降。面团经长时间的揉混逐渐弱化,是因为揉混作用会扩大乳酸对面团中zein的作用效果,促使蛋白质表面疏水性增加、蛋白质碎片化,进而导致zein网络连贯性下降。 相似文献
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During fermentation of sour dough the flour proteins are degraded. The proteolysis depends not only on lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis ssp. lindneri, L. fructivorans) but also on the conditions of fermentation of the sour dough. An increase of temperatures between 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C causes an increase in the amino acid content. The water content of the dough (T.A. 150/T.A. 210) influences the proteolytic activity of the bacteria to a lesser degree. 相似文献
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鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵对玉米粉、玉米面团理化特性及发糕品质的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵玉米粉为研究对象,分析发酵对玉米粉及面团的理化特性、加工性能的影响。结果显示,接种鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵的玉米粉水结合力下降11.52%,糊化焓值升高23.68%,玉米面团的产气总量增加42.93%,气体保留系数提高5.88%。与对照相比,鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵48 h的玉米粉,损耗模量(G”)和储能模量(G’)均提高,弹性增强趋势更明显,损耗角正切值(tanδ)减小;所制玉米发糕的比容达2.63,增加11.55%,气孔增大58.85%,呈现良好的膨胀性能;鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵处理使玉米发糕的硬度增大、咀嚼性增强、弹性改善。研究结果为益生菌在无麸质主食品质改良方面提供实验参考。 相似文献
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