磁力搅拌电火花加工工艺对镍钛合金表面特征及疏水性的影响

采用磁力搅拌电火花加工工艺在镍钛合金表面制备疏水性表面来提高其生物相容性,研究工艺参数对表面特征及疏水性的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对工件表面形貌进行分析,使用光学接触角测量仪和TR200粗糙度仪分别测量接触角和表面粗糙度值。结果表明：磁力搅拌电火花加工参数对表面形貌特征及疏水性影响显著。当电流为1.5 A时,表面熔凝凸起随脉宽的增大而增大,在脉宽为60 μs时其表面含有尺寸合适的熔凝凸起,接触角达到峰值为138.2°;当电流为4.5 A时,表面富含气孔特征,表面气孔的深度在脉宽为60 μs时达到最大值,其表面接触角为133.6°。表面粗糙度对疏水性能无直接影响。采用磁力搅拌电火花加工工艺,可以大幅提升镍钛合金表面的疏水性。     

砂轮约束磨粒喷射精密光整加工表面互相关性分析

磨粒喷射精密光整加工是重要零件在磨削后进行去除表面缺陷层、降低粗糙度和波纹度为目的光整加工新工艺.试验在M7120磨床上完成,加工试样为Ra0.4～0.6 μm的45#钢.加工表面形貌和微观几何参数用SEM和TR200表面轮廓仪测量.本文应用随机过程的互相关性对磨削加工表面和光整加工表面进行了研究.试验结果表明,试样表面从连续的方向一致的沟槽被随机不连续的微坑所代替,表面粗糙度明显得到改善.随着加工循环的增加,Ra值由0.4～0.6 μm下降到0.2 μm左右.此外,光整加工可以获得各向同性网纹交错的表面,表面轮廓的支撑长度率提高,对工件的耐磨性有利.     

基于微纳乳液的Inconel718电火花成形加工工艺实验研究

采用自制的微纳乳液作为工作液,利用电火花成形加工镍基高温合金(Inconel718),选取峰值电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔及单次加工时间等参数进行十字正交试验,研究分析这些参数对电火花成形加工Inconel718的表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响,并对比了在微纳乳液与煤油工作液中加工的工件表面微观形貌。结果表明:峰值电流对材料去除率影响显著,单次加工时间对表面粗糙度影响显著;与煤油工作液相比,采用微纳乳液进行电火花成形加工的工件表面质量更好。     

钛合金磨料流光整加工表面完整性研究

目的 研究磨料流光整加工钛合金格栅表面完整性。方法 用电火花加工制备钛合金试样,通过磨料粒径、加工压力、加工次数的单因素试验,来研究其对试样表面粗糙度和表面形貌的影响规律,选用三种初始粗糙度不同的钛合金试样来进行磨料流光整加工效果试验,对比分析磨料流光整加工对试样表面残余应力的影响,进行加工次数的单因素试验研究磨料流加工过程中其对工件表面显微硬度的影响。结果 对于钛合金试样来说,磨料粒径和加工压力越大,表面抛光效果越明显,表面粗糙度就越低。当磨料粒径从38 μm增加到420 μm时,相对应的表面粗糙度值Ra从5.815 μm降低到0.824 μm;当加工压力从8 MPa增加到24 MPa时,相对应的表面粗糙度值Ra从4.314 μm降低到1.398 μm。而随着加工次数的增加,表面粗糙度值Ra从整体上呈现下降趋势,最后趋于稳定,当加工次数从10增加到80时,相对应的表面粗糙度值Ra从5.925 μm降低到0.307 μm,并且最后稳定在0.300 μm附近。钛合金试样经磨料流光整加工之后,表面残余应力由原来的拉应力变成了压应力。随着加工次数的增加,钛合金试样表面显微硬度整体上呈现先减小后增大的趋势,当加工次数从10增加到50时,显微硬度值从532.83HV降到357.73HV,当加工次数从50增加到90时,显微硬度值从357.73HV上升到393.48HV,试样表面显微硬度的均匀性也显著增加。结论 增大磨料粒径和加工压力或者增加加工次数,都能降低工件表面粗糙度,钛合金工件经过磨料流光整加工之后,表面完整性有较大改善。     

铜镍合金微金字塔阵列模具线切割加工工艺研究

目的 应用慢走丝线切割加工工艺,加工C71500铜镍合金的微金字塔阵列结构,获得高精度玻璃模压用模具。方法 采用单因素工艺实验法研究脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、走丝速度对加工表面质量及尺寸精度的影响。应用超景深三维显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜以及电子显微镜对线切割后的微金字塔阵列模具尖点表面粗糙度和圆弧半径进行检测,并对微金字塔阵列模具尖点圆弧半径不均一性现象进行研究,通过综合优化得到最优工艺参数。结果 加工后尖点表面粗糙度随脉冲宽度的降低而减小,随脉冲间隙的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势,随走丝速度的增大而减小。尖点圆弧半径随脉冲宽度的降低而减小,随脉冲间隙及走丝速度的增大而减小。经过综合优化,当脉冲宽度为6 μs、脉冲间隔为14 μs、走丝速度为6 m/s时,微金字塔阵列模具尖点获得最低的表面粗糙度（Ra=9 nm）和最小的尖点圆弧半径（5.41 μm）。相比优化前,表面粗糙度降低60.9%,尖点圆弧半径减小53.0%。加工时电极丝与工件电极接触面积的变化,是导致慢走丝线切割后微金字塔阵列尖点圆弧半径不均一现象的主要原因。结论 利用慢走丝线切割加工方法,可以在铜镍合金模具材料上加工出尖点圆弧半径均一的微金字塔阵列结构,同时可获得微米级尺寸精度和纳米级表面粗糙度。研究结果为慢走丝线切割加工铜镍合金微金字塔阵列结构提供了一定的参考。     

放电参数对线切割加工A8工具钢表面粗糙度与材料去除率的影响

A8工具钢是一种高硬度高韧性的难加工材料,常用电火花线切割来加工处理。电火花线切割加工A8工具钢实际生产过程中,表面粗糙度和材料去除率分别是加工表面质量和加工效率的重要指标,放电参数直接影响到表面粗糙度和材料去除率。在几组生产中常用的放电参数(加工电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隙)条件下,加工A8工具钢,分别得到每种放电参数对表面粗糙度和材料去除率的具体影响规律,结果表明:随着加工电流的增大,加工后材料表面粗糙度和材料除去率同时增大且趋势相似;随着脉冲宽度的增大,加工后材料表面粗糙度和材料除去率同时增大;随着脉冲间隙的增大,材料除去率呈递减趋势,加工后材料表面粗糙度前期递减,在脉冲间隔8μs后减小趋势放缓,在脉冲间隔10μs时达到最小值,在脉冲间隔大于10μs后略有升高,变化幅度不大。研究结果为实际生产中电火花线切割加工A8工具钢提供技术参考,可以根据不同的生产要求选择合适的放电参数组合。     

TC4钛合金混粉电火花表面改性研究

目的通过混粉电火花加工方法,分别使用紫铜和石墨作为工具电极,获得综合性能较好的TC4钛合金表面。方法利用手持式TR200粗糙度仪对工件表面的粗糙度进行测量,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪对工件组织形貌和物相结构进行分析,用FM800型显微硬度计对工件表面进行显微硬度测量。结果在相同电参数下,紫铜电极加工的工件较石墨电极加工的工件表面粗糙度要低,硬度也相对低。当I=4.5A、tON=30?s时,紫铜电极加工的工件表面平均粗糙度值Ra=2.223?m,表面硬度约为600HV;石墨电极加工的工件表面平均粗糙度值Ra=2.796?m,表面硬度约为700HV。当I=9 A、tON=30?s时,紫铜电极加工的工件表面平均粗糙度值Ra=2.748?m,表面硬度约为650HV;石墨电极加工的工件表面平均粗糙度值Ra=3.705?m,表面硬度约为750HV。结论在不同电极条件下混粉电火花加工后,TC4钛合金工件表面都达到了强化的效果。     

ZCuSn10Zn2铜合金激光表面微造型工艺试验

为加工出符合摩擦学性能要求的ZCu Sn10Zn2铜合金表面微造型形貌,采用激光微造型技术对ZCu Sn10Zn2铜合金表面进行网格图案化处理,利用共聚焦显微镜和X射线应力测定仪对加工后的试样进行表面形貌表征及残余应力测试。考察不同工艺参数对材料耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明:激光微造型后材料的表面粗糙度随激光功率的增大先减小后增大,微沟槽的深度随激光功率的增大先增大后减小,微沟槽的宽度与工作电流成正相关性,但随电流的增大趋于饱和。表面残余应力随工作电流增大趋势明显,微造型后,表层存在较大的残余拉应力。试验结果对深入探索ZCu Sn10Zn2铜合金的激光微造型工艺提供了一定的数据基础。     

线阴极滚印式掩膜电解加工微坑阵列试验研究

目的 为了解决现有电解加工技术中难以使用同一装置在多种型面零件表面一次性大面积制备高精度微坑阵列的现状。方法 提出一种可用于多种型面零件批量加工微坑阵列的线阴极滚印式掩膜电解加工技术,设计了一种滚筒式掩膜复合线阴极的阴极工具装置,采用铜丝(直径500μm)作为阴极,图形化的聚氯乙烯(PVC)作为掩膜,在10%NaNO₃电解液、0.1 mm极间间隙条件下,在不锈钢304材料工件表面进行电解微坑试验,探究电压、阴极工具旋转速度、阴极尺寸对加工微坑阵列形貌的影响,通过超景深显微镜、扫描电子显微镜以及奥林巴斯显微镜对电解后的工件试样表面进行表面微观形貌观测。结果 选用10.5 V的电压、0.2 r/min的旋转速度可在工件表面加工出高精度、高一致性的微坑阵列,其微坑直径分布范围为402.8～440.3μm,深度范围为66.2～74.2μm,微坑粗糙度范围为0.42～0.83μm。与传统的圆环型阴极电解加工结果对比,线阴极电解加工出的微坑阵列直径偏离掩膜孔尺寸小、定域性高。结论 使用线阴极滚印式掩膜电解加工方法可在不锈钢304材料工件平面、内圆柱面及外圆柱面制备大批量、高精...     

纳秒激光加工微凹坑对YG3表面浸润性的影响

研究硬质合金刀具表面浸润性对提高刀具寿命和工件加工表面质量有重要的意义。采用波长1064 nm纳秒脉冲激光在硬质合金YG3表面加工微凹坑阵列,运用光学显微镜、光学轮廓仪和接触角测量仪分别测量微凹坑形貌和表面接触角,研究不同激光功率、扫描次数和微凹坑间距对表面形貌和接触角的影响规律。建立微凹坑几何形貌模型,基于Wenzel理论分析微凹坑形貌变化对表面接触角的影响机理。结果表明:随着平均功率和扫描次数的提高,微凹坑的直径和深度均增大;随着间距的减小,微凹坑分布密度增大。3种条件下表面粗糙度率均增大,表面接触角余弦值随粗糙度率的变化趋势基本一致且成正相关,所以接触角随粗糙度率增加而降低。通过实际接触角与推导接触角的曲线拟合得到了接触角方程。     

Development of empirical model for different process parameters during rotary electrical discharge machining of copper–steel (EN-8) system

The present work investigates the machining characteristics of EN-8 steel with copper as a tool electrode during rotary electrical discharge machining process. The empirical models for prediction of output parameters have been developed using linear regression analysis by applying logarithmic data transformation of non-linear equation. Three independent input parameters of the model viz. peak current, pulse on time and rotational speed of tool electrode are chosen as variables for evaluating the output parameters such as metal removal rate (MRR), electrode wear ratio (EWR) and surface roughness (SR). Analysis of the results, by using Taguchi's recommended signal–noise ratio formulae and ANOVA, has been conducted to identify the significant parameters and their degree of contribution in the process output. Analyzed results shows that peak current and pulse on time are the most significant and significant parameters for MRR and EWR, respectively. But peak current and electrode rotation become the most significant and significant parameters for SR, respectively. Experimental results further revealed that maximizing the MRR while minimizing EWR and improving the surface roughness, cannot be achieved simultaneously at a particular combination of control parameters setting. In addition, the predictions based on the above developed models have been verified with another set of experiments and are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.     

EDM performance of Cr/Cu-based composite electrodes

Electrode materials for electrical discharge machining (EDM) are usually graphite, copper and copper alloys because these materials have high melting temperature, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. The electrodes made by using powder metallurgy technology from special powders have been used to modify EDM surfaces in recent years, to improve wear and corrosion resistance. However, electrodes are normally fabricated at high temperatures and pressures, such that fabrication is expensive. This paper proposes a new method of blending the copper powders contained resin with chromium powders to form tool electrodes. Such electrodes are made at low pressure (20 MPa) and temperature (200 °C) in a hot mounting machine. The results showed that using such electrodes facilitated the formation of a modified surface layer on the work piece after EDM, with remarkable corrosion resistant properties. The optimal mixing ratio, appropriate pressure, and proper machining parameters (such as polarity, peak current, and pulse duration) were used to investigate the effect of the material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), surface roughness, and thickness of the recast layer on the usability of these electrodes. According to the experimental results, a mixing ratio of Cu–0wt%Cr and a sinter pressure of 20 MPa obtained an excellent MRR. Moreover, this work also reveals that the composite electrodes obtained a higher MRR than Cu metal electrodes; the recast layer was thinner and fewer cracks were present on the machined surface. Furthermore, the Cr elements in the composite electrode migrated to the work piece, resulting in good corrosion resistance of the machined surface after EDM.     

Machining characteristics of magnetic force-assisted EDM

The gap conditions of electrical discharge machining (EDM) would significantly affect the stability of machining progress. Thus, the machining performance would be improved by expelling debris from the machining gap fast and easily. In this investigation, magnetic force was added to a conventional EDM machine to form a novel process of magnetic force-assisted EDM. The beneficial effects of this process were evaluated. The main machining parameters such as peak current and pulse duration were chosen to determine the effects on the machining characteristics in terms of material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness. The surface integrity was also explored by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate the effects of the magnetic force-assisted EDM. As the experimental results suggested that the magnetic force-assisted EDM facilitated the process stability. Moreover, a pertinent EDM process with high efficiency and high quality of machined surface could be accomplished to satisfy modern industrial applications.     

电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的试验研究

针对微细阵列轴和孔的电火花加工,提出了利用数控电火花加工机床摇动功能的摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的方法.此法是基于电火花反拷贝加工的原理,先用丝电极在薄平板(中间电极)上按要加工的阵列轴和孔间距或数倍间距加工阵列小孔(直径0.1 mm以上),然后用加工的薄平板(中间电极)作电极,电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴(电极),最后用此微细阵列电极加工阵列孔.进行了电火花摇动加工微细阵列电极试验,得到了单电极直径为50 μm、长径比为16的3×3阵列电极,并用此电极在70 μm厚的不锈钢板上加工出单孔直径为70 μm的3×3微细阵列孔.试验结果表明,电火花摇动加工方法可实现微细阵列轴和孔的加工.     

A comparative experimental study of machining characteristics in vibratory, rotary and vibro-rotary electro-discharge machining

This paper compares the effects of high- and low-frequency forced axial vibration of the electrode, rotation of the electrode, and combinations of these methods in respect of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate and surface roughness in die sinking electro-discharge machining (EDM) with a flat electrode (planing mode).

The results of the combined states of rotation and vibration at high and low frequency (vibro-rotary EDM) are compared in order to establish which combinations are most appropriate to different machining regimes (finishing, semi-finishing and roughing). It is found that the combination of high-frequency vibration and rotation of the electrode is effective in attaining a high MRR at a specified surface roughness (R_a). This case is modelled by stepwise linear regression. The significant parameters are found by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the optimum machining parameter settings are obtained using overlay contour plots. The advantages of vibration and rotation are seen to combine in this new process when employed for die sinking EDM with a flat electrode.     

田口-灰关联法应用于Inconel 718微放电铣削参数最佳化(英文)

应用田口-灰关联法对Inconel 718微放电铣削多重质量特性如电极消耗率、材料去除率和扩口量进行最佳化,分析放电电流、脉冲时间、休止时间和极间间隙对加工Inconel 718之电极消耗率、材料去除率和扩口量的影响。实验结果表明,以最佳微放电铣削参数进行加工,其电极消耗率由5.6×10-9mm3/min降低到5.2×10-9mm3/min,材料去除率由0.47×10-8mm3/min增加到1.68×10-8mm3/min,扩口量由1.27μm降低到1.19μm。研究结果显示,应用田口-灰关联法,可以改善微放电铣削多重质量特性。     

An investigation of ultrasonic-assisted electrical discharge machining in gas

This study focuses on using ultrasonic to improve the efficiency in electrical discharge machining (EDM) in gas medium. The new method is referred to as ultrasonic-assisted electrical discharge machining (UEDM). In the process of UEDM in gas, the tool electrode is a thin-walled pipe, the high-pressure gas medium is applied from inside, and the ultrasonic actuation is applied onto the workpiece. In our experiment, the workpiece material is AISI 1045 steel and the electrode material is copper. The experiment results indicate that (a) the Material Removal Rate (MRR) is increased with respect to the increase of the open voltage, the pulse duration, the amplitude of ultrasonic actuation, the discharge current, and the decrease of the wall thickness of electrode pipe; and (b) the surface roughness is increased with respect to the increase of the open voltage, the pulse duration, and the discharge current. Based on experimental results, a theoretical model to estimate the MRR and the surface roughness is developed.     

工作介质粘度对钛合金电火花加工的影响研究

通过分析工作介质的粘度对电火花加工时电蚀产物的抛出量、抛出力及工作介质传热性能的影响,研究了钛合金电火花加工的加工效率、电板相对损耗率和表面粗糙度Ra值随介质粘度的变化规律。结果表明：粘度增大能在一定程度上提高加工效率。但粘度过大反而使加工效率下降;电极相对损耗率和表面粗糙度Ra值均随粘度增大而上升;粘度越大的介质传热性能越差,使工件表面不会因快速冷却而产生大量微裂纹。     

石墨电极电火花加工工艺与电火花机床的适应性研究

通过正交实验,讨论电火花机床对石墨电极电加工的影响,并分析了石墨电极电火花加工工艺与电火花机床的适应性,得出主轴性能影响放电加工的稳定性,脉冲电源可以提高加工速度,工作液可以提高加工表面质量和加工速度。