SIMA法工艺参数对半固态5083合金组织及成分偏析的影响

采用大挤压比热挤压为预变形方式的SIMA法制备了5083铝合金半固态坯料,研究了挤压比、等温热处理温度与保温时间等工艺参数对半固态坯料微观组织演变的影响,并通过SEM和能谱线扫描分析了等温热处理温度对5083铝合金主要元素成分偏析的影响规律。结果表明,SIMA法制备5083铝合金半固态坯料的微观组织受工艺参数影响较大,当挤压比为17.36,等温温度为605～610℃,保温时间为15～20min时,可以获得较理想的5083半固态坯料。另外,5083铝合金中Mn元素的分布基本不受等温热处理温度影响,但Al、Mg元素的分布受温度影响较大,等温温度越高,偏析越严重;在晶界处偏析的低熔点相主要由Mg元素构成。     

YL112压铸铝合金的半固态压缩变形特性

半固态等温热处理作为一种有发展前途的非枝晶组织坯料制备方法,研究其制备出的非枝晶组织坯料的变形特性具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值.基于半固态等温热处理,以570 ℃×120 min条件下制备出的YL112压铸铝合金非枝晶组织坯料为研究对象,对其在不同变形速率和变形温度下的半固态压缩变形特性进行了研究.研究结果表明:在固液相区,随着变形温度的升高,变形抗力降低;随着变形速率的增加,变形抗力增加;随着变形程度增加,变形抗力先增加然后降低.     

SIMA法工艺参数对6061铝合金半固态组织和性能的影响

以15 mm的6061商业铝合金板材为原材料,采用室温镦粗为预变性方式的SIMA(应变诱导熔体激活)法制备了6061合金半固态坯料,研究了变形量和热处理工艺对半固态组织演变和性能的影响。结果表明,镦粗变形可使6061初始板材中的晶粒被打碎而细化,并储存变形能,而随变形量增加,半固态组织中固相颗粒尺寸减少、圆整度更好,当达到临界变形量33.3%后组织变化不大。提高热处理温度可以促使液相比例提高和加快晶粒圆整化进程,但也使晶粒尺寸长大的速度更快。随热处理时间延长,晶粒尺寸先减小后增大并逐渐圆整化。热处理后,6061半固态坯料的室温屈服强度比初始与墩粗后的板材低,但是伸长率得到明显提升,且屈服强度随着热处理时间的延长急剧下降。6061合金半固态坯料的最优SIMA法制备工艺参数是:变形量为33.3%,等温热处理温度为620℃,保温时间为45 min。     

退火工艺对轧制半固态坯料组织性能的影响

本文采用异步轧制工艺对7075铝合金半固态坯料进行形变热处理。研究了再结晶退火工艺对变形半固态板材的组织演变及力学性能的影响。重点分析了各工艺参数条件下获得退火板材的再结晶程度及晶粒尺寸变化趋势,梳理了变形半固态板材退火过程中的再结晶机制。结果表明：显微组织的再结晶顺序依次为变形共晶相、变形初生固相、变形晶内小“液滴”。当退火工艺参数为470 ℃保温20 min时,退火板材的再结晶晶粒尺寸较小,综合力学性能较优,此退火板材的抗拉强度和伸长率依次为408 MPa、28%。退火温度的升高将导致板材由脆性断裂向韧性断裂方式转变,但过高的退火温度将引起板材的热裂,将极大地降低板材的力学性能。     

轧制-重熔SIMA法制备ZCuSn10合金半固态坯料

采用轧制-重熔的SIMA法制备了ZCuSn10合金半固态坯料,先将铸态ZCuSn10合金加热到450℃保温15 min,分别进行2~4道次轧制,然后截取试样进行重熔处理后水淬.比较了SIMA法和铸态-直接重熔工艺制备的ZCuSn10合金半固态组织,并利用SEM的EDS测定了组织中Sn的分布情况,用OM和TEM观察了SIMA法制备过程中试样组织变化,综合分析了SIMA法制备ZCuSn10合金半固态坯料过程中的组织演变机理.结果表明:采用轧制-重熔的SIMA法制备的ZCuSn10合金半固态组织固相晶粒均匀细小,圆整度高,19.7%预变形量875℃保温15 min半固态组织最优,其平均晶粒直径75.8μm,形状因子1.62,液相率17.28%;用SIMA法制备ZCuSn10合金半固态坯料,预变形过程对晶粒细化及球化起到了关键作用,随着预变形量和重熔保温温度的提高,半固态组织晶粒尺寸减小,圆整度提高,液相率增加;采用轧制-重熔的SIMA法制备ZCuSn10合金半固态组织球化的主要机理是预变形过程破碎了枝晶,储备了变形能,在重熔过程中促进了枝晶熔断,同时,由于Sn元素从液相中向a固相中扩散迁移,液相逐渐吞噬固相的尖角突出部分,最终生成细小、圆整的a相晶粒.     

触变模锻成形工艺对镁合金成形件力学性能的影响

采用半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备AZ91D—Y镁合金半固态坯料。分别将3种状态的坯料加热到半固态温度区间进行二次重熔后,进行了触变模锻成形。结果表明,在半固态温度为560℃,模锻压力为200MPa的条件下,半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备坯料分别保温30,20,15min后触变模锻获得最佳力学性能;随着坯料加热温度的升高,触变模锻成形件力学性能呈现先上升后下降的趋势;增加成形压力有利于触变模锻成形件力学性能的提高;在相同成形条件下,等通道角挤压法制备坯料触变模锻后的力学性能最好,近液相线模锻法次之,半固态等温热处理法较差。     

9Cr18合金半固态触变压缩变形行为及组织演变

以9Cr18合金为研究对象,分别对9Cr18热轧态材料及半固态坯料进行触变压缩实验。通过OM和SEM研究了其在加热、半固态及变形冷却后的显微组织演变规律,分析了其压缩过程中的固液流动特性和应力-应变关系。研究表明,半固态坯料制备是保证材料发挥半固态变形特性的必备流程,坯料加热至半固态温度能够保证固液三维均匀分布,充分发挥液相流动特性。仅通过对轧态材料加热至半固态温度区间会导致液相沿原带状组织区域熔化析出,固液分布不均匀。热轧态材料带状熔化致使液相不能形成三维连通,液相流动只能在不同部位的若干区域进行,变形主要通过固相颗粒塑性变形完成,进入最后阶段变形抗力上升。半固态坯料变形过程中固液相分布均匀,当变形进行至触变阶段,液相由于受到向外侧压力梯度作用,在固相间隙中流动,固相颗粒予以协调,发生宏观固液分离,从而使变形抗力随之下降。9Cr18合金在半固态温度区间成形过程中表现出不同于传统热处理的组织演变规律。半固态温度范围内奥氏体溶解合金元素的能力较传统奥氏体化(1050℃)有极大提高,从而提高了奥氏体在快速冷却过程中的稳定性,在冷却后得到过饱和的亚稳奥氏体组织。这种半固态独特的组织演变过程为材料组织性能控制提供一种新的可能。     

异步轧制SIMA法制备半固态AM60镁合金的组织研究

采用异步轧制SIMA法制备了AM60半固态坯料,分析了轧前预热保温时间和半固态保温时间对半固态成形的影响,研究了异步轧制SIMA法制备半固态AM60镁合金的组织演化。结果表明:当轧制温度480℃和轧前预热时间12 min,半固态处理温度580℃和保温时间40 min时,半固态液相率高,固相颗粒均匀、圆整。异步轧制细化了铸态组织晶粒,为后续半固态形成提供了更多的形变储存能。     

添加0.5%富铈混合稀土AZ91D镁合金半固态组织的形成

半固态浆料的固相颗粒尺寸、形态和分布主要取决于熔化过程中液相的形成与演化过程。采用添加0.5%富铈混合稀土来改善AZ91D镁合金的铸态组织,研究在半固态等温热处理中的组织演变以及非枝晶组织制备与控制的机理。结果表明:稀土合金化处理可促进初生相在等温热处理过程中由枝晶向粒状晶的转变,可获得更加细小、均匀的球状固相颗粒,并且其粗化速度较慢。半固态等温热处理过程中,整个系统处于熔化和结晶的动态平衡,铸态组织中枝晶根部高溶质浓度区或系统的温度、浓度起伏是固相颗粒内液相形成的内在和外在条件。     

冷轧SIMA法制备AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料的组织研究

通过冷轧SIMA(应变诱导熔化激活)法制备了AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料,研究了不同变形率下的半固态坯料组织的演变规律,探讨了该工艺下的半固态组织成形机制。结果表明:随着冷轧变形率的增大,α-Mg固相颗粒尺寸逐渐减小、球形率逐渐提高;在变形初始段,固相颗粒尺寸减小的幅度较大,当冷轧压下率大于8.6%以后,固相颗粒尺寸变化不明显。AZ91D镁合金经过冷轧后,可有效提高半固态等温处理时的液相率,且随着冷轧压下量的增加,液相分数的增幅越大;与镦粗SIMA法相比,冷轧SIMA法的半固态显微组织的固相颗粒易呈聚集态分布,液相也易偏聚。     

Deformation characteristic of semi-solid ZCuSn10 copper alloy during isothermal compression

The compression tests were carried out by Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator with samples of semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy prepared by strain-induced melt activation(SIMA) process. The original microstructure and the deformation temperature of semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy are different. The strain is 0.2, and the strain rate is 1 s~(-1) for the compression test. The results show that when the semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy was prepared by SIMA process, the liquid fraction of semi-solid microstructure increases, and the solid grain is smaller,more uniform and more inclined to be round as the rolling pre-deformation increasing. The results also indicate that the deformation resistance of ZCuSn10 alloy in semi-solid state decreases with the deformation temperature increasing or the solid fraction of original microstructure decreasing. The stress–strain curves of the isothermal compression can be divided into quasi-elastic deformation stage and plastic deformation stage, and there are three deformation zones in the samples after isothermal compression, namely the difficult deformation zone, the large deformation zone and the free deformation zone. In the three deformation zones, the main deformation mechanism is flow of liquid incorporating solid particles(FLS)mechanism, plastic deformation of solid particles(PDS)mechanism and liquid flow(LF) combining with FLS mechanism, respectively.     

镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯的微观组织演变

采用常规铸造法和等径道角挤压分别制备了镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯;用金相显微镜研究了2种半固态坯料在等温热处理过程中的微观组织演变。结果表明：与传统铸造方法制备的半固态坯相比,采用等径道角挤压制备的半固态坯的晶粒细小、圆整,适合于半固态成形。在等温热处理过程中,2种坯料晶粒粗化的机制是合并长大和Ostwald长大。铸态坯料晶粒液相来源于非平衡凝固时在晶内产生的共晶组织,以及在随后的合并长大过程中晶粒所包裹的液相。随着保温时间的延长,铸态坯料的晶粒尺寸变化情况是：增大、减小然后又增大;而挤压态坯料的晶粒尺寸呈单一增大趋势。     

Semi-solid squeeze casting process of a ZL109 alloy

The structure evolution of the ZL109 alloy in the process of semi-solid squeeze casting and the mechanical properties of the components were investigated. The results show that (1) the eutectic silicon phase in original billets is refined in the low super-heat casting process; (2) the eutectic structure in billets starts to fuse and the crystals of the eutectic silicon phase are refined further and sphericized in the remelting process of billets; (3) in the semi-solid ,squeeze casting process, the sphericity of the α phase and the refining of the silicon phase occur, owing to the friction between solid and liquid; (4) in the process of heat treatment, the eutectic α phase aggregates with the primary α phase and the eutectic silicon pieces aggregate together. The elongation of the semi-solid component after heat treatment rises to 1.42%.     

Effect of La addition on semi-solid microstructure evolution of Mg-7Zn magnesium alloy

Semi-solid billets of Mg-7Zn and Mg-7Zn-0.3La alloys were prepared by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment. The effects of the La element on the as-cast and semi-solid microstructures of Mg-7Zn alloy were investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of isothermal temperature and holding time on the evolution of the semi-solid microstructure of Mg-7Zn-0.3La alloy were also studied. Results indicate that the addition of a small amount of La can significantly refine the as-cast and semi-solid microstructure. During the semi-solid thermal transformation, the size and shape factor of solid particles decrease at first and then increase with the increase of isothermal temperature and holding time. The semi-solid microstructure of Mg-7Zn-0.3La alloy obtained by holding at 605 °C for 30 min is the optimal. The average size of solid particles, shape factor, and solid fraction are 42 µm, 1.45 and 61.8%, respectively. At the same time, a comparative study on the coarsening process of particles in the semi-solid billets of Mg-7Zn and Mg-7Zn-0.3La alloys reveals that the addition of La effectively decreases the coarsening rate of solid particles and restricts the growth of solid particles.

     

Effects of temperature and time on three-dimensional microstructural evolution of semi-solid 2A14 aluminum alloy during short process preparation of semi-solid billets

To shorten the preparation process of semi-solid billets, semi-solid billets of 2A14 aluminum alloy were prepared by wrought aluminum directly semi-solid isothermal treatment (WADSSIT) process. Three-dimension (3D) combined microstructure evolution, namely transverse direction (TD) surface, rolling direction (RD) surface, and normal direction (ND) surface, was studied. Effects of temperature and holding time on average grain size and average shape factor were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions for preparation of 2A14 semi-solid billets by this process were 615 °C and 20 min (average grain size of 124 μm and shape factor of 0.81). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) observations indicated that the microstructure was completely recrystallized when it was heated to 600 °C. Grain size was increased with the increase of temperature and grew up slowly with the holding time prolonging. Roundness was increased with increase of holding time but was not sensitive to temperature.     

Effects of Sm addition on microstructural evolution of Mg-6Zn-0.4Zr alloy during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment

The application of segmental semi-solid thixoforming of magnesium alloys is confined due to the dimensional distinction existing in solid particles of the alloy billet from edge to center zones. In the present study, the effects of Sm addition on the microstructural evolution of Mg-6Zn-0.4Zr and Mg-6Zn-4Sm-0.4Zr alloys by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment were investigated, to obtain optimum semi-solid microstructures for the subsequently thixoforming. The results indicate that the grains of the Sm-bearing alloy are evidently refined and gradually evolve from dendritic to globular and elliptic particles. In addition, the distinctly dimensional effect of the Mg-6Zn-0.4Zr alloy is eliminated with 4% Sm addition; the particle sizes in all zones from center to the edge of the billet are almost identical. With the increment of isothermal heat treatment temperature, the dendritic microstructures completely disappear, and meanwhile, the irregular and globular particles gradually form. The size, morphology and the distribution of solid particles mainly depend on the formation and permeation of the liquid phase in the process of isothermal heat treatment. As the isothermal temperature increases from 570 °C to 610 °C, the average size and shape factor of solid particles of both the alloys with and without Sm addition gradually decrease while the liquid fraction gradually increases.     

Effect of original microstructures on microstructural evolution of A2017 semi-solid alloy billets during reheating

The microstructural evolution of the A2017 semi-solid alloy billets provided with rheocasting and extruding/extending forming by shearing-cooling-rolling(SCR) technology during reheating in semi-solid state was investigated. The microstructural differences and their generation causes for both billets were also analyzed. The results show that during reheating, the grains of rheocasting billets grow up and spheroidize gradually with the prolongation of isothermal holding time, the eutectic liquid phase at low melting point forms mainly among the grains. However, the grains of the extruding/extending forming billets grow up abnormally through grain coalescence in the initial stage of the reheating, the entrapment of large amount of liquid within grains occurs, and the grain sizes in the reheating billets are coarse and inhomogeneous. Compared with extruding/extending forming billets, rheocasting billets have smaller and uniform grains in reheating microstructure and can rapidly form liquid phase among grains. Therefore, rheocasting billets are more suitable for the semi-solid forming than the extruding/extending forming billets.     

等温热处理对Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr合金半固态组织的影响

选择稍高于共晶反应温度作为等温热处理温度,对铸态Mg-15Gd-2Zn-0.6Zr合金进行等温热处理,获得了半固态球化组织。研究了热处理温度和保温时间对半固态组织的影响,探讨了半固态组织演变机制及适用于低温等温热处理的半固态Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr合金成分设计。结果表明,液相组织具有低的温度敏感性,其组织演变主要机制为α-Mg表面熔化和α-Mg动态再析出,而固相颗粒球化机制为:α-Mg树枝晶→枝晶臂粗化→枝晶臂合并、不规则多边形化→球化。     

等温热处理对AZ91D+Ce镁合金半固态组织的影响

研究了等温热处理对AZ91D+Ce镁合金半固态组织的影响,获得了较理想的球状或类球状晶粒组织。结果表明,在等温热处理的过程中,加入稀土Ce会阻碍原子向固相粒子聚集和结合,抑制固相颗粒的长大,形成细小圆整的半固态组织。随等温热处理温度的升高,原子活动能力增强,熔化速度加快,液相量增加,固相颗粒尺寸先减小后增大。在等温初始阶段,熔化对初生固相颗粒尺寸起决定作用,使得颗粒尺寸减小。但是,随等温时间的进一步增加,由于合并粗化和Ostwald熟化的作用,固相颗粒开始长大。     

Effects of holding temperature and time on semi-solid isothermal heat-treated microstructure of ZA84 magnesium alloy

The feasibility of fabricating ZA84 magnesium alloy with non-dendritic microstructure by a semi-solid isothermal heat treatment process and the effects of holding temperature and time on the semi-solid isothermal heat-treated microstructure of the alloy were investigated. The results indicate that it is possible to produce ZA84 alloy with non-dendritic microstructure by suitable semi-solid isothermal heat treatment. After being treated at 560-575℃ for 120min, ZA84 magnesium alloy can obtain a non-dendritic microstructure with 14.2%-25.6% liquid fraction and an average size of 56-65μm of the unmelted primary solid particles. With the increasing holding time from 30 to 120min or holding temperature from 560 to 575℃, the average size of unmelted primary solid particles decreases and globular tendency becomes more obvious. Under the experimental condition, the microstructural evolution of ZA84 alloy during semi-solid isothermal treatment is mainly composed of three stages of initial coarsening. structulseparation and spheroidization. The subsequent coarsening of spheroidal grains is not observed.