纳米TiO2粉体的制备及其表征

采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了纳米TiO2粉体,并对其热性能、相结构、颗粒大小和分布进行了表征,结果表明,TiO2干凝胶粉经300℃煅烧后已有锐钛矿相出现,经550℃煅烧后有金红石相出现,完全相转变的温度约为600℃,纳米TiO2粉体的颗粒尺寸随煅烧温度的升高而增大,采用溶胶,凝胶技术制备的干凝胶粉经400℃煅烧后可获得团聚轻、颗粒大小分布比较均匀、颗粒尺寸约为15nm的球状TiO2粉体,     

TiO_2/AC复合光催化剂制备及性能研究

以TiCl4乙醇溶液为前驱物、煤质活性炭为载体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备活性炭(AC)/TiO2复合光催化剂。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和BET比表面积孔径测定仪等对制备的样品进行表征。以光催化降解甲基橙溶液为模型反应,表征其光催化活性,考察了TiCl4/乙醇体积比、煅烧温度和煅烧时间等制备条件对光催化活性的影响。结果表明:在TiCl4/乙醇体积比为1∶20,500℃煅烧2h时,光催化降解甲基橙的活性最高,降解率达到95%;TiCl4/乙醇体积比和煅烧温度对光催化活性影响较大,煅烧时间对光催化活性影响甚小。含少量金红石相的TiO2有利于光催化降解甲基橙。     

TiO_2-硅藻土复合光催化剂的制备及其对有机染料的降解

为探索用于染料废水处理的新型矿物材料光催化染料复合剂的合成和效果,采用硅藻土表面包覆TiO2,制备TiO2-硅藻土纳米复合光催化剂,研究不同TiO2包覆量、煅烧温度、干燥温度、催化剂用量因素对复合光催化剂降解次甲基蓝效果的影响。结果表明:复合光催化剂的最佳合成条件为:煅烧温度500℃,干燥温度70℃,TiO2包覆量为25%,复合光催化剂处理次甲基蓝用量1g/L。所制备纳米级TiO2-硅藻土纳米复合光催化剂对次甲基蓝的脱色率可达90%。     

液相沉淀法工艺条件对羟基磷灰石粉体的影响

采用液相沉淀法成功制备纳米羟基磷灰石陶瓷粉体,使用X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等检测手段分析了粉体的组织结构,研究了反应温度、pH值、陈化时间对粉末粒径和物相组成等的影响。结果表明,反应温度为90℃、溶液pH值为10、陈化12 h,在700℃煅烧2 h可制备出高纯度、晶体完整的球形羟基磷灰石粉体,平均尺寸为60 nm。     

硅藻土/TiO2复合光催化剂制备及表征

以硅藻土和TiCl4为原料,采用水解沉淀法制备了硅藻土/TiO2复合光催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、FTIR和TGA对复合材料进行表征,考察反应温度、硅藻土用量对复合光催化剂结构的影响。结果表明,当反应温度为30℃、硅藻土与TiO2质量比为2∶1时,生成锐钛矿型TiO2,其平均粒径为19.64nm,且大多被吸附进硅藻土的孔隙内;复合光催化剂热稳定性良好,800℃失重率仅为5%。     

纳米二氧化钛的制备、表征及机理

用TiCl4水解法,以Na2CO3溶液为中和剂,通过相转移反应制备出纳米TiO2颗粒,此制备方法未见报道。制备产物经透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)表征分析。实验证明,在Na2CO3溶液55℃条件下,将TiCl4从正辛醇溶液相中转移到水相,与水发生反应制得了纳米TiO2的前驱体Ti(OH)4。经过70℃真空干燥6h,在400℃下煅烧3h后,得到了分布均匀,少团聚的纳米TiO2颗粒。结合实验现象讨论了TiO2制备机理,包括TiCl4水解法反应机理、相转移反应机理和液相中生成固相微粒机理,说明了升高体系温度、以Na2CO3水溶液中和H+,使得反应液pH值在碱性条件下,有利于水解反应向正向移动。采用相转移反应方法和在液相中生成固相微粒过程中通过产物控制浓度,可以获得分布均匀,少团聚的纳米TiO2颗粒。     

Ce掺杂TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce掺杂TiO2光催化剂,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其结构进行了表征,研究了其在紫外光下对聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的降粘性能,探讨了催化剂用量、光照时间、煅烧温度和煅烧时间等因素对PAM降粘效果的影响。实验结果表明:Ce掺杂TiO2提高了TiO2的光催化活性;当Ce:TiO2的摩尔比为3∶100、煅烧温度为500℃、煅烧时间为2h、催化剂加入量为2%(质量分数)时Ce掺杂TiO2催化剂的光催化降粘率可达99%以上。     

煅烧温度、煅烧时间和Fe3+掺杂量对TiO2光催化性能的影响

以钛酸四正了酯为先驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和Fe3+掺杂的纳米TiO2(Fe3+/TiO2)光催化剂,并用XRD、UV-Vis等进行了表征,系统研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间和Fe3+掺杂量对催化剂在自然光条件下光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响.结果表明,相同煅烧温度下,Fe3+/TiO2的粒径比纯TiO2的粒径小.制备纯TiO2和Fe3+/TiO2的最佳煅烧时间分别为4h和3h,最佳煅烧温度均为773K.适量掺入Fe3+可以显著提高纳米TiO2在自然光条件下的光催化降解活性,Fe3+/TiO2中Fe3+的最佳掺杂量为10.00%,相应的脱色效率为28.37%.     

水热法制备针状羟基磷灰石

采用水热均相沉淀法制备了针状纳米羟基磷灰石（ＨＡｐ）。考察反应的ｐＨ值,水热温度,水热时间,分散剂对生成羟基磷灰石颗粒大小的影响。结果表明：控制反应物溶液的ｐＨ为１１．０,水热温度１５０℃陈化２０ｈ可以获得结晶良好的羟基磷灰石;随着陈化时间的延长,晶体长度增加;加入分散剂可以降低羟基磷灰石的尺寸,并改善粒径分布。     

制备条件对溶胶-乳化-凝胶法制备TiO2颗粒尺寸的影响

用溶胶-乳化-凝胶法合成了纳米TiO2光催化剂粉末，探讨了制备条件：表面活性剂浓度、溶胶的pH值、水含量以及煅烧温度对其粒径的大小和粒度分布的影响．研究表明：当表面活性剂达到临界胶束浓度时颗粒尺寸小且分布较均匀，当溶胶pH为8～9，水的浓度达到0．5mol／L后颗粒尺寸基本保持不变．此外，煅烧可以改善TiO2粉体的结晶度，促使由无定型向锐钛矿型以及金红石型转变，煅烧过程中，TiO2颗粒的形貌变化过程为：成型球体→棒状→球体→变形球体．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.