Phytochemical investigation of Tiarella polyphylla

Seven flavonoids (1–7), two triterpenoids (8 and 9) and four steroids (10, 11, 12 and 13) were isolated from the whole plant of Tiarella polyphylla. Based on the physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses, their structures were identified as myricetin (1), astragalin (2), afzelin (3), quercitrin (4), myricitin (5), nicotiflorin (6), isoquercitrin (7), tiarellic acid (8), 3β-hydroxy-20(29)lupen-27-oic acid (9), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (10), stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (11), β-sitosterol (12) and ergosterol endoperoxide (13). All 13 compounds, with the exception of tiarellic acid were isolated for the first time from T. polyphylla. In the anti-complementary assay, the steroids (12 and 13) exhibited potent activities; whereas, the flavonoids (1 to 7) showed weak or no activities, but even the triterpenoids (8 and 9) and steroidal saponins (10 and 11) evoked hemolysis.     

Structure determination of a new lupane-type triterpene, tiarellic acid, isolated fromTiarella polyphylla

A new 27-carboxylic lupane-type triterpene, tiarellic acid (1), was isolated from Tiarella polyphylla together with corosolic acid (2) and tormentic acid (3). Tiarellic acid was characterized as 3,23-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-27-oic acid and its NMR data were unambiguously assigned using 2-D NMR techniques.     

Anti-ischemic activities of Aralia cordata and its active component, oleanolic acid

Aralia has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. We performed in vitro and in vivo analyses on the neuroprotective effects of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Aralia cordata Thunb. (Araliaceae). In cultured cortical neurons from rats, A. cordata (5–20 μg/mL) inhibited 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptotic neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since oleanolic acid isolated from A. cordata also inhibited H₂O₂-induced neuronal death, increase in [Ca²⁺]_i and ROS generation in cultured cortical neurons, some of the neuroprotective effects of A. cordata might be attributable to this compound. In rats, A. cordata prevented cerebral ischemic injury induced by 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Ischemic infarct and edema volumes were significantly reduced in rats that received A. cordata (50 mg/kg, orally). These animals exhibited a corresponding improvement in neurological function and a reduction of neuronal death, as determined histologically from the cortex and hippocampal regions. It is possible that the anti-oxidative properties of A. cordata may be responsible for its neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemic injury. In future, A. cordata might play a therapeutic role in the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration in stroke. These authors contributed equally to this work.     

头序木中齐墩果酸含量测定

本文采用紫外分光光度法对头序Ｓｏｎｇ木根皮，茎皮及叶中齐墩果酸进行动态含量测定，发现该植物为高含量的齐墩果酸资源植物，并揭示其动态积累规律。     

Triterpenes acids and saponins isolated from Licania arianeae Prance (Chrysobalanaceae)

From the leaves and wood of Licania arianeae, ten known compounds were isolated and identified. They belong to pharmacological active triterpenes acids, including three oleanoic acids, five ursane acids, and two triterpenes saponin acids. Their structures were established by analysis of infrared, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data of natural triterpenes and of methyl acetyl derivatives.     

HPLC法测定女贞叶乙醇提取物中的齐墩果酸与熊果酸

目的建立RP-HPLC法同时测定女贞叶乙醇提取物中齐墩果酸与熊果酸的方法。方法通过系统地考察温度、pH值、甲醇-乙腈混合有机相中甲醇的量对齐墩果酸、熊果酸保留时间和分离度的影响,最终确定HPLC色谱条件为大连依利特KromasilC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;甲醇-乙腈-10mmol/L乙酸铵(55:27:18)为流动相,体积流量为1mL/min,检测波长为205nm,柱温20℃。结果齐墩果酸与熊果酸分别在0.300～3.00μg、0.692～6.92μg线性关系良好;加样平均回收率分别为101.4%、100.2%(n=9)。结论低温、中性pH、甲醇-乙腈混合有机相有利于齐墩果酸与熊果酸的分离。优化后的色谱方法分离度高,重现性好,可用于女贞叶乙醇提取物中齐墩果酸与熊果酸的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定石见穿中齐墩果酸及熊果酸的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法对中药石见穿中的熊果酸及齐墩果酸进行含量测定。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱Agilent HC18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相A相为0.1%甲酸水溶液,B相为甲醇,A∶B=14∶86,流速为1.0ml/min,柱温20℃,紫外检测波长205 nm,进样量50μl,运行时间为35 min。结果熊果酸和齐墩果酸能够达到基线分离,二者分别在11.55～462.0、5.265～210.6μg/ml,呈良好的线性关系,日内、日间精密度均小于5%(n=3),平均回收率分别为100.47%(RSD=1.95%,n=6)、101.88%(RSD=2.98%,n=6)。结论该法简便、快捷,结果准确、重复性好,可用于石见穿中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的质量控制。     

Flavonol glycosides from the aerial parts of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aceriphyllum rossii</Emphasis> and their antioxidant activities

The methanol extract obtained from the aerial parts ofAceriphyllum rossii (Saxifragaceae) was fractionated into ethyl acetate (EtOAc),n-BuOH and H₂O layers through solvent fractionation. Repeated silica gel column chromatography of EtOAc andn-BuOH layers afforded six flavonol glycosides. They were identified as kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (astragalin,1), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin,2), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyrano-side (rutin,4), kaempferol 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (5) and quercetin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (6) on the basis of several spectral data. The antioxidant activity of the six compounds was investigated using two free radicals such as the ABTS free radical and superoxide anion radical. Compound1 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the ABTS2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging method. 100 mg/L of compound1 was equivalent to 72.1±1.4 mg/L of vitamin C, and those of compounds3 and5 were equivalent to 62.7±0.5 mg/L and 54.3±1.3 mg/L of vitamin C, respectively. And in the superoxide anion radical scavenging method, compound5 exhibited the highest activity with an IC₅₀ value of 17.6 ± 0.3 μM. In addition, some physical and spectral data of the flavonoids were confirmed.     

A study on the genotoxic activities of some new benzoxazoles

The Bacillus subtilis rec assay has been specially developed to detect DNA-damaging potential in chemicals, with the rationale based on the relative difference of survival of a DNA repair combination proficient strains and its deficient strain, which is interpreted as genotoxicity. The genotoxic activities of newly (1–6) and previously (7–18) synthesized various benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles were analyzed via the B. subtilis rec assay. Newly obtained benzoxazole and benzimidazole derivatives (1–6) were synthesized in the presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and 6 N HCl, respectively to detect their DNA-damaging activities. Among the tested compounds, 6-methyl-2-(o-chlorophenyl)benzoxazole (9), 5-amino-2-(p-methylbenzyl)benzoxazole (4), 5-(p-fluorobenzamido)-2-phenylbenzoxazole (13), and 2-(p-methylaminophenyl)benzoxazole (18) showed genotoxic activities having Rec₅₀ values of 1.85, 1.74, 1.60, and 1.50 or S-probit values of 0.534, 0.482, 0.460, and 0.357, respectively. On the other hand, 2-(p-bromobenzyl)-5-methylbenzimidazole (6) and 2-benzyl-5-(p-fluorophenylacetamido)-benzoxazole (15) were exhibited a reverse effect that displayed a bacterial growth in the rec ^- strains while there was no any bacterial growth in rec ⁺ strains at the same concentration.     

泰山白首乌内生真菌多样性及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的 分析白首乌内生真菌多样性及其种群结构分布规律,挖掘潜在的微生物资源及功能,为寻找新的抗肿瘤内生真菌提供理论基础。方法 通过传统的内生菌分离法以及18sRNA高通量测序技术,对不同组织部位、不同物种和不同产地白首乌内生真菌群落组成进行多样性分析;采用 MTT 法检测泰山白首乌内生真菌的细胞毒活性。结果 从泰山白首乌的根、茎、叶中共分离得到 90个形态的内生真菌,其中,镰刀菌属Fusarium和链格孢属Alternaria 为优势菌属;泰山白首乌根、茎、叶分别有8、9和13个属,链格孢属Alternaria和炭疽菌属Colletotrichum为共有属; 13株泰山白首乌内生真菌对HEPG2、HGC27、HT-29和HeLa肿瘤细胞株产生抗肿瘤活性,占总数的14.4%,极细链格孢菌A. tenuissima LTJ2和链格孢菌A. alternata LTJ6抗肿瘤活性显著。结论 泰山白首乌内生真菌具有丰富的多样性,部分菌株具有显著的抗肿瘤活性,为寻找新的抗肿瘤药物提供了菌株资源。     

Polyphenolic compounds isolated from the leaves of Myrtus communis

Four hydrolyzable tannins [oenothein B (1), eugeniflorin D₂ (2), and tellimagrandins I (3) and II (4)], two related polyphenolic compounds [gallic acid (5) and quinic acid 3,5-di-O-gallate (6)], and four myricetin glycosides [myricetins 3-O-β-d-xyloside (7), 3-O-β-d-galactoside (8), 3-O-β-d-galactoside 6″-O-gallate (9), and 3-O-α-l-rhamnoside (10)] were isolated from the leaves of Myrtus communis. Antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.     

Tracing some enzymatic activities in three virulent pathogenic Erwiniae

The absence, in the biomass, of glutamic-oxalacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases and the prevalance of gamma-glutamic transpeptidase were taken as basic criteria to differentiate betweenErwinia carotovora var.carotovora fromE. carotovora var.citrullis andE. toxica. For further identification, detection of cholesterol in the biomass confirmed thetoxica species whereas the absence of glucose confirmed thecitrullis variety.     

Farnesyl protein transferase and tumor cell growth inhibitory activities of lipiferolide isolated from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Liriodendron tulipifera</Emphasis>

The methanolic extract of the leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera was found to show inhibitory activity towards farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation of lipiferolide, an inhibitor of FPTase. This compound inhibited the FPTase activity in a dose-dependent manner, and showed cell growth inhibitory activity against several tumor cells.     

50种中药甲醇提取物对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌及抗生物膜活性的评价

目的 评价50种中药甲醇提取物对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌效果以及抗生物膜生成活性。方法 采取甲醇浸提的方法制备中药甲醇提取物,计算提取率;利用多功能酶标仪检测600nm处的吸光度（A₆₀₀）值测定各提取物（0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2mg·mL^-1）作用16h对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌率;结晶紫染色法结合多功能酶标仪测定各提取物的抗生物膜活性。结果 苏木、白芍、侧柏叶等32种中药甲醇提取物对嗜水气单胞菌抑菌效果明显,其中苏木甲醇提取物的抑菌效果最显著,最大抑菌率达95.56%,起效质量浓度为0.1mg·mL^-1;石菖蒲、大青叶、广藿香等20种中药甲醇提取物明显抑制嗜水气单胞菌生物被膜的生成,其中白芍的最大抑制率达96.78%。结论 夏枯草、野菊花、大青叶、赤芍、石菖蒲、地肤子、连翘、苏木、肉桂、女贞子、白芍、甘草、肉豆蔻、鸡血藤、乌药、莪术、侧柏叶17种中药对嗜水气单胞菌同时具有抑菌和抑制生物膜生长活性。     

Cytotoxic and antimitotic activities in aqueous extracts of eight cyanobacterial strains isolated from the marine sponge Petrosia ficiformis

Marine cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes of significant ecological interest, living free or in association with invertebrates. They are also considered as excellent sources of antineoplastic, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal compounds. In this work, aqueous extracts from eight cyanobacterial strains isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Petrosia ficiformis have been investigated for their bioactive properties. Bioassays with human erythrocytes, Artemia salina nauplii, and Paracentrotus lividus gametes and embryos were performed. Some aqueous extracts exhibited citolytic effect on human erythrocytes and toxic activity against A. salina nauplii. Furthermore antimitotic activity was evidenced during sea urchin embryos development and disorganization of blastomeres with altered cell-cell contact was also induced. Some of the isolated cyanobacterial strains, belonging to Leptolyngbya and Synechococcus genera with an high citotoxic activity, should be further investigated to better characterize their bioactive molecules. Our data confirm cyanobacteria as an interesting source of novel bioactive compounds with potential applications in pharmaceutics.     

齐墩果酸衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性的研究

以天然产物齐墩果酸为先导化合物,经过氧化、酯化(酰化)、水解等反应设计合成了10个齐墩果酸衍生物,以HeLa、HepG2和BGC-823细胞为靶细胞,采用MTT法用吉非替尼和依托泊苷作阳性对照,进行初步的体外抗肿瘤活性筛选。结果表明,化合物5a对HepG2细胞、化合物7对HeLa细胞的抑制活性明显高于母体齐墩果酸。因此,化合物5a和7值得进一步研究。     

New penicillide derivatives isolated from Penicillium simplicissimum

Two new penicillide derivatives, secopenicillides A (3) and B (4), were isolated along with penicillide (1) and purpactin A (2), and altenusin (5) and dehydroaltenusin (6), the antifungal substances of this fungus, from the extract of Penicillium simplicissimum IFM 53375. The absolute structures of 3 and 4 were determined by spectroscopic investigation and chemical correlation to penicillide (1). The absolute configuration of purpactin A (2) was determined by the chemical method.     

Antioxidant, anti-semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, and anti-hypertensive activities of geraniin isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria

The wrinkle-fruited leaf flower (Phyllanthus urinaria L.) (Euphorbiaceae) is widely used as a traditional folk medicine for inflammatory relief. Geraniin, the hydrolysable tannin, was purified by a series of chromatographic processes from the 70% aqueous acetone extracts of P. urinaria and identified by NMR [1H (500 MHz) and 13C NMR (126 MHz)] spectra and mass spectroscopy. The scavenging activities of geraniin against DPPH radicals (half-inhibition concentration, IC50, were 0.92 and 1.27 microM, respectively, for pH 4.5 and pH 7.9), hydroxyl radicals (IC50 was 0.11 microM by deoxyribose method and 1.44 microM by electron spin resonance method), and superoxide radicals (IC50 were 2.65 microM) were determined in comparison with positive controls. The inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase (IC50 were 30.49 microM) were measured. Geraniin also showed dose-dependent inhibitory activities against semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO, IC50 were 6.58 microM) and against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, IC50 were 13.22microM). For kinetic property determinations, geraniin showed competitive inhibitions against SSAO (the apparent inhibition constant, Ki, was 0.70microM) and mixed noncompetitive inhibitions against ACE. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 10-week age) were orally administered to once (5 mg geraniin/kg SHR), and changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured over 24 h and compared with the positive control of captopril (2 mg/kg SHR). The geraniin showed antihypertensive activity in lowering SBP and DBP and showed a significant difference from the blank (distilled water) at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h. Healthy food products could use geraniin for antioxidant protection and therapeutic effects in the future.     

丰肉结海绵相关青霉菌HLS-216次级代谢产物研究

目的 研究我国南海水域丰肉结海绵相关青霉菌Penicillium sp.HLS-216的次级代谢产物的提取分离方法 、结构鉴定及其抗肿瘤、抗炎活性.方法 采用大米固体发酵培养,乙酸乙酯提取后,经硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、高级液相色谱等手段进行分离,并对分离得到的单体化合物应用质谱、核磁共振等技术进行结构鉴定;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法和Griess法对分离得到的单体化合物进行抗肿瘤、抗炎活性筛选.结果 分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为:黑麦酮酸F(secalonic acid F,1)、黑麦酮酸D(secalonic acid D,2)、meleagrin(3)、oxaline(4)、对羟基肉桂酰胺(4-hydroxycinnamamide,5)、对羟基苯乙酸甲酯(methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate,6)、对羟基苯乙醛(4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile,7).结论 化合物5和7为首次从青霉菌中分离得到;化合物1和2显示出较强的抗肿瘤活性,化合物4表现出一定的抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮生成的作用.     

Estrogenic activity of furanocoumarins isolated fromAngelica dahurica

In our efforts to discover novel phytoestrogens to treat menopausal symptoms, eleven furanocoumarins were isolated from Angelica dahurica and tested for their estrogenic activity on the Ishikawa cell line. Among the compounds tested, 9-hydroxy-4-methoxypsoralen and alloisoimperatorin showed strong abilities to induce alkaline phosphatase (AP) with EC50 values of 1.1 and 0.8 microg/mL, respectively, whereas the other nine furanocoumarins were weakly or only slightly active.