CT引导经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折疗效观察

目的探讨CT引导下经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析行CT引导经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折106例患者的临床资料。结果106例手术均获成功,术后视觉模拟评分（visualanaloguescale,VAS）（（2．31±0．75）分）较术前（（7．62±0．62）分）明显降低（P〈O．05）,治疗优良率72％,有效率97％;术后患者疼痛症状明显缓解或消失,无肺栓塞、神经损伤等并发症。结论CT引导经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折疗效确切,具有微创、安全等优点。     

椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

[目的]探讨经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的近期临床效果.[方法]自2007年3月至2009年4月应用PVP治疗骨质疏松所致椎体压缩性骨折36例,共45个椎体,术前术后应用国际通用疼痛目测分级评分法（VAS）评价其疼痛程度.[结果]36例患者45个手术穿刺部位均成功,术后疼痛全部得到缓解,无一例发生严重并发症.[结论]PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折创伤小,能有效缓解疼痛,维持椎体的稳定性.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体骨质疏松骨折50例分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体骨质疏松性骨折的临床疗效。方法选择垫江县人民医院50例椎体骨质疏松性骨折患者,在C臂X线机下行经皮椎体成形术。在术前术后应用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)和MiGill-Melzack疼痛分级法对患者疼痛进行评分。术后随访。结果 (1)每个椎体平均注射聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯4~7(平均5)ml,手术平均时间为55 min。术后平均住院9 d。术前术后VAS评分以及MiGill-Melzack疼痛分级法评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)随访6~24个月,患者均恢复正常生活状况,疼痛症状无复发。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折创伤小、手术时间短,能够很快的缓解患者疼痛症状,提高患者生活质量。     

球囊在胸腰椎压缩骨折经皮椎体后凸成形术中的应用

[目的]探讨球囊在胸腰椎压缩骨折经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)中应用的临床疗效.[方法] 自2010年1月至2011年5月对58例共64个椎体骨折患者,应用球囊扩张系统进行经皮穿刺、塌陷椎体扩张后注入骨水泥.随访观察患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及并发症情况.[结果] 64个椎体经单侧或双侧椎弓根穿刺成功完成手术,手术时间30~120 min,骨水泥注入量每个椎体3.0~7.0 mL,骨水泥返流入椎旁静脉3个椎体,无椎管内漏及椎间隙漏等并发症,均无临床症状.随访5~21个月.所有患者疼痛缓解,VAS术前平均为(7.5±0.7)分,术后d1为(3.6±0.4)分,d7为(2.7±0.5)分,术后1个月为(2.5±0.5)分.手术前后VAS差异显著( P <0.05).[结论]球囊扩张应用于胸腰椎压缩骨折(PKP)能达到消除疼痛、恢复椎体高度的目的,是治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折的有效方法.     

经皮脊柱后凸成形术中骨水泥的应用体会

目的探讨经皮脊柱后凸成形手术中骨水泥的应用疗效。方法 2008年10月2010年10月,应用注射用Ⅲ型丙烯酸树脂骨水泥及其椎体成形系统,采取经皮脊柱后凸成形术治疗40例椎体疾病患者。其中男5例,女35例;年龄53～84岁,平均65岁。老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折37例,椎体恶性肿瘤2例,椎体血管瘤1例。采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）对患者手术前后疼痛程度的改善情况进行评分统计,并观察术中及术后并发症的发生情况。结果患者出院前行脊柱正、侧位透视,发现椎体内骨水泥分布良好;3例有少量骨水泥向椎体外渗漏现象,但均无临床症状。所有患者获随访1～12个月,平均8个月。腰背部疼痛均明显缓解或消失,日常生活质量大大提高。术前VAS评分为（8.30±0.48）分,术后3d、1个月及末次随访时VAS评分分别为（3.11±0.41）、（2.50±0.36）、（2.50±0.36）分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论骨水泥应用于经皮脊柱后凸成形手术中可取得很好疗效,固化的骨水泥对脊柱起到很好的支撑、稳定作用。     

经皮椎体成形术缓解脊柱疼痛的效果分析

目的观察经皮椎体成形术(PVP)缓解脊柱疼痛的治疗效果。方法应用PVP治疗81例103个椎体,其中42例骨质疏松症57个椎体,39例椎体良恶性肿瘤46个椎体。治疗前和治疗后3天应用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评定疼痛的程度,并在6个月内观察疗效。结果所有病例的PVP治疗都成功完成。术后3天患者VAS平均值(2.81±1.25mm)低于术前平均值(8.15±1.31mm)(P<0.01)。疼痛缓解有效率为86.4%。止痛效果维持至少6个月。15例发生骨水泥椎体外渗漏。结论PVP能够明显缓解骨质疏松症和椎体良恶性肿瘤所引起的疼痛。     

椎体成形术中骨水泥弥散面积和骨折类型及疗效关系

目的:探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术对不同类型胸腰椎压缩骨折椎体内骨水泥弥散面积和疗效的关系。方法 :对行经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的患者资料进行回顾性分析。选择40例病例,共40个病椎。通过术后对骨水泥分布面积比值的计算,同时对术前术后视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、Cobb角进行统计学分析。分析经皮穿刺在不同骨折类型骨水泥弥散面积以及对疼痛、Cobb角的缓解程度。结果:(1)经皮穿刺椎体成形术后Ⅳ椎体骨折骨水泥分布弥散良好。(2)患者术后VAS评分较术前有显著的降低,早期Ⅳ椎体骨折疼痛缓解明显优于其他三型,但远期效果无统计学差异。结论:经皮穿刺椎体成形术时,Ⅳ椎体骨折骨水泥弥散良好,早期对疼痛缓解明显,能改善其生活质量,但远期效果不明显。     

32例经皮椎体后凸成形术围术期的护理

[目的]探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的围术期护理.[方法]术前加强体位练习,术后密切观察双下肢感觉活动及抗骨质疏松治疗.[结果]病人术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分较术前有明显改善,无并发症. [结论]针对胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折病人的特点及经皮后凸成形术的独特性为病人进行围术期护理,可提高治愈率,减少并发症,降低复发率.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松压缩性骨折

通过VAS评分与测定Cobb’s角的测量值评价,探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松压缩性骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效。将收治的120例老年OVCF患者作为观察主体,均行PVP手术治疗,观察其疗效。120例患者中术后疼痛症状消除89例,疼痛得以明显缓解23例,术后疼痛有所缓解8例,经服用非甾体类药物后疼痛消除。经VAS评分与Cobb’s角测量值发现所有患者手术前与术后1个月VAS评分与Cobb’s角测量值差异均较大(P<0.05)。将PVP手术应用于老年OVCF的治疗后,患者椎体未发生进一步压缩,且疼痛缓解明显,该法疗效确切且并发症少,值得临床采纳。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎转移瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术在治疗胸腰椎椎体转移瘤的临床应用价值。方法对31例胸腰椎椎体转移瘤97个椎体行经皮椎体成形术,术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月分别就疼痛缓解程度应用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行评估分级,采用日常生活自理能力(ADL)量表对治疗后患者生活质量进行评估。术后1周测骨水泥在椎体的充盈情况,评估其和疼痛缓解的相关性。结果 97个椎体穿刺全部成功,17个椎体发生骨水泥漏,但均未出现临床症状。术后各期疼痛缓解率分别为93.5%、90.3%、89.7%、85.7%。7例椎体充盈率不足1/3的患者术后1周疼痛缓解优良3例,优良率42.9%。24例充盈率大于1/3的患者疼痛缓解优良21例,优良率87.5%,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.027)。患者生活质量ADL评分,手术前(64.8±8.4)分,术后1年(86.7±8.9)分,差异有统计学意义(t=8.163,P=0.004)。结论经皮椎体成形术是目前治疗胸腰椎椎体转移瘤的有效方法,其止痛作用与骨水泥在病椎椎体的充盈率相关,可全面改善患者的生存质量。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.