食品包装材料中7种光引发剂向水性模拟液中的迁移测定

为了考察食品包装材料中光引发剂向食品中迁移的情况,以水性模拟液作为迁移溶剂,用65 μm聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯基苯(PDMS-DVB)纤维头进行固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱(SPME/GC-MS)分析方法同时测定食品包装材料中7种光引发剂(PIs)的迁移量。方法的检出限为0.0012～0.0069 μg/L,线性范围为0.03～1.0 μg/L (r2＞0.9909),在3种浓度的添加水平下,加标回收率为70.8%～112.0%,相对标准偏差不大于14.0%。利用建立的方法对20个实际样品进行测定,发现所有样品中均检出二苯甲酮,其中10个样品中检出4-甲基二苯甲酮,3个样品中检出1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮,1个样品中检出安息香双甲醚。该方法的灵敏度高,样品前处理过程简单,无需使用有机溶剂,为食品接触材料表面印刷油墨中PIs向水性样品中的迁移测定提供了参考。     

气相色谱-质谱同时测定食品包装材料中9种光引发剂

建立了同时测定食品包装材料中二苯甲酮、4-甲基二苯甲酮、4-氯二苯甲酮、1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、对二甲氨基苯甲酸乙酯、对二甲氨基苯甲酸异辛脂、2-氯硫杂蒽酮、2-异丙基硫杂蒽酮和2,4-二乙基硫杂蒽酮9种光引发剂的气相色谱-质谱法。通过单因素实验和正交试验确定了以15mL二氯甲烷,于40℃下超声提取20min的样品前处理条件。在优化的柱温程序下9种光引发剂目标物获得较好分离,质谱选择离子扫描定量。方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.7840~7.699μg/L,3种不同标准添加水平下的平均回收率为92.44%~110.6%,相对标准偏差为1.60%~9.46%(n=6)。方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,可用于食品包装材料中光引发剂的分析监测。     

GC-MS法快速测定铅笔涂层中18种光引发剂

建立了快速测定铅笔涂层中18种光引发剂的气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC/MS)。样品以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂,在30℃温度下,超声提取30 min后,萃取液用100 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)分散固相萃取净化,以气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定,外标法定量。18种光引发剂在0.2~4.0 mg/L(或0.1~4.0 mg/L)范围内线性良好,相关系数R²均大于0.997,方法检出限(LODs)为0.4~1.0 mg/kg,定量限(LQDs)为1.0~2.0 mg/kg。3个加标水平(2.0或4.0、10.0和40.0 mg/kg)的回收率在75.2%~115.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为1.0%~9.3%(n=6)。该方法可用于铅笔涂层中18种光引发剂含量的高通量检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定食品塑料包装材料中4-甲基二苯甲酮和二苯甲酮

采用甲苯作为萃取溶剂,微波辅助萃取食品塑料包装材料中4甲基二苯甲酮和二苯甲酮,并用气相色谱-质谱法测定其含量。在选择的仪器工作条件下,4-甲基二苯甲酮和二苯甲酮可以完全分离,选择4-甲基二苯甲酮的定性离子为m/z 119.0,196.1,选择二苯甲酮的定性离子为m/z 77.0,105.0。方法检出限（3S/N）均为2.0×10^-5mg·kg^-14-甲基二笨甲酮和二苯甲酮加标回收率分别为94.3%和95.0%,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=6）分别为3.4%和2.8%。     

超声萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玩具涂层中2种光引发剂残留量

建立了超声萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)测定玩具涂层中2-二甲氨基-2-苄基-1-[4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]-1-丁酮(光引发剂IHT-PI 910)和2-甲基-1-[4-(甲基硫代)苯基]-2-(4-吗啉基)-1-丙酮(光引发剂IHT-PI 907)残留量的方法。用10 mL乙腈在60℃下超声提取样品30 min,加入0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液,过0.20μm滤膜,滤液供UHPLC-MS/MS分析。以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为固定相,不同体积比的乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液组成的混合溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,目标物经色谱分离后,在电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI~+)模式和多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行质谱分析。结果显示:在优化的试验条件下,2种光引发剂可在3.00 min内完成测定;标准曲线的线性范围均为0.5～100μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)均为1.0μg·L~(-1);对阴性样品进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,所得回收率为87.9%～93.4%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为1.2%～8.6%。用此方法分析了20个随机样品,3个样品检测结果均为阳性,样品2中光引发剂IHT-PI 907的最高检出量为1 528 mg·kg~(-1),超出了REACH法规的限量(1 000 mg·kg~(-1))要求。     

食品接触材料表面印刷油墨中光引发剂的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测和迁移研究

采用食品模拟物进行迁移实验,结合高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(UPLC-PDA)和串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立了食品接触材料印刷油墨中光引发剂BP(二苯甲酮)、MBP(4-甲基二苯甲酮)、Irgacure 184(1-羟基环己基苯基丙酮)、ITX(2-异丙基硫杂蒽酮)、EDAB(对二甲氨基苯甲酸乙酯)和EHD...     

气相色谱-质谱法测定食品接触材料表面印刷油墨中的光引发剂

建立了食品接触材料表面印刷油墨中光引发剂(PIs)二苯甲酮(BP)、4-甲基二苯甲酮(MBP)、对二甲氨基苯甲酸乙酯(EDAB)、N,N-二甲氨基苯甲酸异辛酯(EHDAB)和1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮(Irgacure 184)的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析方法。样品以乙酸乙酯为萃取溶剂进行索氏提取,萃取溶液经净化分离和富集以后,以5%苯基-95%甲基聚硅氧烷为固定相(DB-5MS),采用选择离子扫描(SIM)方式对上述5种PIs进行了定性和定量分析。5种PIs在5.0～200.0 μg/L范围内的线性关系良好(R2＞0.9995),在2种浓度的添加水平下,回收率为66.7%～89.4%,相对标准偏差＜10%。方法的定量限为0.0017～0.0036 mg/dm2。该方法的样品前处理过程简单,易操作,适用于常规进出口食品接触材料表面印刷油墨中PIs的快速检测。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定食品接触用油墨中20种光引发剂的迁移量

为评估食品接触用油墨中光引发剂的迁移风险,采用超高效液相色谱－串联质谱（UPLC－MS/MS）建立了同时测定食品接触用油墨中20种光引发剂迁移量的方法。以0.1%（体积分数）甲酸和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测模式对目标物的定量离子和定性离子进行监测,检测迁移实验后食品模拟物中的20种光引发剂。结果表明,该方法对20种光引发剂的色谱分离效果良好,各物质在0.02～0.5 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.01 mg/kg,定量下限为0.02 mg/kg。加标回收率为87.1%～104%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.1%～8.6%,在10款样品中共检出4类光引发剂。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于食品接触用油墨中20种光引发剂迁移量的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法同时测定食品接触用塑料中50种添加剂的迁移量

为评估食品接触用塑料中添加剂的迁移风险,采用超高效液相色谱－四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC－QTOF MS）建立了同时测定食品接触用塑料中50种添加剂迁移量的方法。以甲醇和0.01%（体积分数）甲酸－5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行洗脱,采用目标离子采集（Target MS/MS）模式对目标物的一级离子与二级离子进行监测。结果表明,各物质在0.02～5 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.01～0.1 mg/kg,加标回收率为92.6%～104%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.60%～8.4%。在20款实际样品中有12个样品检出塑料添加剂,其中2个样品检出壬基酚,迁移量为0.033～0.071 mg/kg;6个样品检出抗氧化剂1076和抗氧化剂168,迁移量为0.12～3.3 mg/kg;4个样品检出光引发剂369、光引发剂ITX和光引发剂TPO,迁移量为0.054～4.0 mg/kg。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于食品接触用塑料中50种添加剂迁移量的检测。     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中的两种光引发剂

建立了采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)为净化方式的牛奶中外源性光引发剂二苯甲酮(BP)和4-甲基二苯甲酮(MBP)的气相色谱–串联质谱(GC–MS/MS)测定方法。样品采用乙腈超声辅助提取,经环己烷–乙酸乙酯(体积比为1∶1)溶剂转化后用GPC净化,再通过HP–5MS气相色谱柱分离,最后经串联四极杆质谱仪检测器进行定性、定量同时分析。该方法的线性范围为5～100μg/L,BP和MBP的线性相关系数(r2)分别为0.997 2和0.998 4,方法定量限均为0.025 mg/kg。在空白牛奶样品中加入0.05,0.25,0.50 mg/kg 3个浓度水平的BP和MBP,BP和MBP的平均回收率为74.0%～92.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.5%～10.9%(n=6)。该方法具有灵敏度高、准确度和精密度好的优点,适合牛奶中BP和MBP两种光引发剂的检测。     

Determination of ink photoinitiators in packaged beverages by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A new analytical method, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques, was developed for the determination in packaged food beverages of five ink photoinitiator residues: 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX), benzophenone, 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-1-phenyl ketone (IRGACURE 184) and ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDAB). Samples were extracted from selected beverages (milk, fruit juices and wine) and relative packagings, using n-hexane and dichloromethane, respectively, purified on solid-phase extraction (SPE) silica gel cartridges, and then analyzed in GC/MS and LC/MS. The recovery percentages, obtained spiking the beverage samples at concentrations of 4 and 10 microgl(-1) with a standard mixture of photoinitiators, were in the range 42-108% (milk), 50-84% (wine), and 48-109% (fruit juices). The repeatability of the method was assessed in all cases by the % of correlation value, that was lower than 19%. The lowest limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs), obtained using GC/MS, were in the range 0.2-1 and 1-5 microgl(-1), respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of forty packaged food beverages (milk, fruit juices and wine samples). The most significant contamination was that of benzophenone, found in all samples in a concentration range of 5-217mugl(-1). Its presence was confirmed by an LC/Atmospheric-Pressure PhotoIonization (APPI)/MS/MS analysis. The photoinitiator (EHDAB) was found in eleven out of forty beverages in a concentration range of 0.13-0.8 microgl(-1). Less important was the ITX contamination, found in three out of forty samples in a range 0.2-0.24 microgl(-1). The work proposes a new method to analyze ink photoinitiator residues in polycoupled carton packaging and in contained food beverages.     

Determination of diethylhexyl phtalate in water by solid phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography

Difficulties detected in the determination of the diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) at trace levels by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) using SPME, due to its ubiquitous distribution in the environment has been overcome and a new method for the determination of DEHP in drinking water has been proposed. The method is based on solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Detection was carried out spectrophotometrically. Calibration graph was linear in the range 10–110 μg/L with a regression coefficient of r² = 0.998 and a detection limit of 0.6 μg/L. The relative standard deviation was 5 and 2% (n = 4) for chromatographic areas and retention times, respectively. The usefulness of the SPME–HPLC technique was confirmed.     

Determination of Se4+ in drinkable water by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A method was developed for the selective determination of Se4+ in drinkable water by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Se4+ was selectively derivatized to ethane, 1,1'-selenobis by reaction with sodium tetraethylborate, extracted by the SPME fiber, and determined by GC/MS. Both headspace (HS)-SPME and direct SPME were studied. The method requires only a few milliliters of sample and 20 min for completion. At 2.0 microg/L concentration, the relative standard deviation was 10.1% for HS-SPME and 9.1% for direct SPME. For HS-SPME, the theoretical detection limit was 81 ng/L and 166 ng/L for direct SPME. The recovery rate was 95%. The method was used to determine Se4+ in 10 tap water samples.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中的5种双稠吡咯啶类生物碱

建立了强阳离子固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法用于测定蜂蜜中野百合碱、克氏千里光宁、倒千里光碱、千里光菲啉和千里光宁等5种双稠吡咯啶类生物碱。蜂蜜样品用0.1 mol/L盐酸溶解,强阳离子交换固相萃取柱富集净化后,高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行定性和定量。以Phenomenex C₁₈柱(100 mm×4.6 mm, 2.6 μm)为分析柱,乙腈和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下进行检测。结果表明,5种双稠吡咯啶类生物碱在1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数均大于0.99。在1、20和50 μg/kg加标水平下,11种不同种类蜂蜜中的5种双稠吡咯啶类生物碱的平均回收率为73.1%~107.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.1%~17.0%,方法检定量限可达到1.0 μg/kg。该方法准确灵敏,可适用于不同种类进出口蜂蜜中双稠吡咯啶类生物碱的监控分析。利用该方法对来自中国8个省及自治区的洋槐蜜、葵花蜜、棉花蜜、油菜蜜、荆条蜜、枣花蜜、荞麦蜜和来自新西兰、西班牙、澳大利亚等国家的进口蜂蜜进行了筛查。结果发现,野百合碱、克氏千里光宁和倒千里光碱均未检出,而千里光菲啉和千里光宁在大多数蜂蜜中均能检出,千里光菲啉含量在11.0~31.1 μg/kg范围内,千里光宁含量在8.3~29.1 μg/kg范围内。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测乳制品中10种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留

建立了乳制品中链霉素、双氢链霉素、新霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素、庆大霉素、安普霉素、潮霉素B、巴龙霉素、阿米卡星等10种氨基糖苷类抗生素(aminoglycosides, AGs)残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。乳制品提取液经亲水-亲脂平衡(hydrophilic- lipophilic balance, HLB)柱净化后,采用反相离子对高效液相色谱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱检测。对样品前处理条件、液相色谱流动相以及质谱条件进行了优化。结果表明: 10种AGs在20～1000 μg/L范围内定量离子的峰面积和样品的质量浓度之间有很好的线性关系;在乳制品中的加标回收率为71.2%～101.7%,相对标准偏差为3.4%～13.8%。该方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于乳制品中多种AGs残留的同时检测。     

Multi-residue analysis of pesticide residues in mangoes using solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography and UV-Vis detection

A sensitive and efficient solid‐phase microextraction method, based on liquid chromatography and UV–Vis detection, was developed and validated as an alternative method for sample screening prior to LC‐MS analysis. It enables the simultaneous determination of ten pesticides in mango fruits. The fiber used was polydimethylsiloxane while optimum SPME conditions employed have been developed and optimized in a previous work. The desorption process was performed in static mode, using acetonitrile as a solvent. The results indicate that the DI‐SPME/HPLC/UV–Vis procedure resulted in good linear range, accuracy, precision and sensibility and is adequate for analyzing pesticide residues in mango fruits. The limits of detection (0.6–3.3 μg/kg) and quantification (2.0–10.0 μg/kg) were achieved with values lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by Brazilian legislation for all pesticides in this study. The average recovery rates obtained for each pesticide ranged from 71.6 to 104.3% at three fortification levels, with the relative standard deviation ranging from 4.3 to 18.6%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of the aforementioned compounds in commercial mango samples and residues of azoxystrobin, fenthion, permethrin, abamectin and bifenthrin were detected in the mango samples, although below the MRLs established by Brazilian legislation.