超级活性炭储氢性能研究

由高硫焦制备出一系列超级活性炭 ,并在 0～ 10MPa、93～ 2 93K范围内 ,考察了SBET 为 3886m2 ·g- 1的超级活性炭对氢的吸附、解吸特性。结果表明 ,氢的吸附能力随超级活性炭比表面积的升高而增加 ,随着温度的降低而增大 ;在 2 93K 5MPa、93K 6MPa条件下 ,储氢质量分数分别达 1 9wt%、9 8wt% ;氢的等温脱附率为95 9%     

超级活性炭的制备及其储氢性能初步研究

以高硫焦为原料,通过L9(34)正交设计,制备出一系列超高比表面积活性炭.系统地测定了氢在93K～293K、0MPa～7MPa范围内,在SBET为3886m2/g的超级活性炭上的一组吸附等温线.实验结果表明 ,吸附等温线具有Ⅰ-型等温线特征且储氢效果良好,其中在293K/5MPa、93K/6MP a的条件下,储氢质量分数分别达1.9W/%、9.8W/ %.一定条件下的等量吸附线研究表明,氢在超级活性炭上的等量吸附热较小,且主要集中在4.8kJ*mol-1～6.5kJ·     

Pd负载高度交联聚苯乙烯的制备及储氢性能

多孔材料已经被广泛地应用于储氢研究。本文研究了Pd负载的高度交联聚苯乙烯（Pd—HCLPS）储氢材料的制备及储氢性能。在超声的辅助下,通过简便的置换反应成功制备了Pd—HCLPS。Pd颗粒以纳米尺度均匀分散在聚合物中。通过调节超声时间,制备了一系列不同Pd含量的Pd—HCLPS样品。发现Pd含量是影响氢溢流的一个重要因素。相比于HCLPS,Pd的负载使Pd—HCLPS样品的储氢量增强了1．1～1．7倍。在173K,3．1MPa下,最大储氢量为1．46wt9／6。     

负载氧化锌活性炭对苯的吸附性能及热力学研究

对微波活化处理废触媒制备的活性炭进行了微结构分析,发现活性炭具有孔隙发达,微孔贯穿性好的结构,孔隙中负载了少量的具有催化作用的氧化锌.采用光离子化气相色谱法测定了20℃、30℃和40℃活性炭对苯的吸附等温线,并用Langmuir方程进行了数据拟合,且适合于该方程.同时计算了平均吸附热(△H),吸附自由能(△G),吸附熵...     

负载金属基活性炭纤维对一氧化氮和一氧化碳的吸附及催化性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了铯和铜化合物为主的系列金属基活性炭纤维,用气相色谱等手段对所制金属基活性炭纤维对一氧化氮和一氧化碳的吸附和催化性能进行研究,实验结果表明：负载二价铯的活性炭纤维对一氧化碳有突出的吸附能力,附着铯载负量增大,样 对一氧化碳的吸附容量增加,动态吸附穿透时间延长,采用铜／铯混合物负载经用单组份铯可提高对一氧化碳的动态吸附效率,节省铯的用量,经４００℃热处理的负载铯活性炭纤维在物负载比用的     

活性炭对THF水合物储氢特性影响的实验研究

该实验利用高压水合物实验研究装置,在恒容条件下,研究了温度为1℃、压力分别为6.4 MPa、7.4MPa和8.4 MPa、四氢呋喃(简称THF)摩尔浓度为5.0％时,活性炭对THF水合物储氢特性的影响.研究结果表明,不加活性炭时的平均诱导时间为333 min,加活性炭时的平均诱导时间为250 min,所以活性炭可以在高...     

活性炭表面氧化改性对负载铜(Ⅰ)吸附剂及其乙烯吸附性能的影响

将过渡金属化合物负载到高比表面载体上可以得到具有工业化前景的乙烯/乙烷分离吸附剂，采用柱动态法研究了氧化处理和负载铜（I）改性活性炭的乙烯/乙烷吸附分离性能，结果表明，以表面氧化改性活性炭为载体，CuCL为活性组分的负载型吸附剂较活性炭直接负载CuCl吸附剂具有较大的乙烯吸附容量和选择性，AC-H2O2-CuCl吸附剂的乙烯吸附容量为21.2mＬ（STP）/g，乙烯/乙烷分离系数达到8.7，其原因是活性炭氧化改性后，表面羧基基团明显增多，使CuCl与活性炭表面结合力加强，改善了其分散状态，提高了利用率。     

氯化氢中的氯气在活性炭上吸附性能的研究

对活性炭吸附氯化氢中的氯气性能做了实验研究。研究结果表明采用活性炭吸附的方法,可以除去氯化氢气体中的氯气,吸附后的尾气中氯气的含量低于10×10-6,满足吸附深度的要求。压力在0.4 MPa、流量控制在400 mL/min时,分别测得了在26、8、-10、-35、-60℃下,每克活性炭吸附氯气的动态吸附量分别为:141.5、172.0、178.0、181.0、185.0 mg。     

微孔结构与表面改性对活性炭吸附储氢能力的影响

研究了椰壳基活性炭微孔结构和化学改性对其储氢能力的影响。结果表明,物理活化的椰壳基活性炭用HF或NH3.H2O处理后可提高活性炭的吸氢能力,用HNO3处理后吸氢能力几乎没有什么变化,而用H3PO4处理后吸氢能力却有明显的下降。活性炭的比表面积、孔径分布和表面性质都会影响其吸附氢气的能力,其中,比表面积是最主要的影响因素。     

新型纳米结构炭材料的储氢研究

氢能是一种清洁的可再生能源。由于传统的储氢材料和储氢技术达不到氢燃料电池电动车的实用要求,储氢问题已成为氢能应用中最急需解决的关键问题。近年来,各种新型纳米结构炭材料的储氢已成为国际上的一个研究热点,引起了人们的广泛关注。但在这一研究领域中一直存在着许多争议和很大的分歧。通过综述国内外近几年来各种新型纳米结构炭材料如单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、石墨纳米纤维以及炭纳米纤维等的储氢研究进展,指出了这一领域中需要解决的问题如储氢测试方法的标准化、纳米结构炭材料的评价以及储氢机制和吸附位的研究等。     

Adsorption equilibrium of hydrogen on graphene sheets and activated carbon

For obtaining the technical data to evaluate the performance of hydrogen storage by adsorption on graphene sheets (GS), analysis of adsorption equilibrium of hydrogen on the GS and the activated carbon were carried out based on the hydrogen adsorption data covering a wide temperature range. The GS and SAC-02 activated carbon, which respectively had a specific surface area about 300 m²/g and 2074 m²/g, were selected as adsorbents. Six adsorption isotherms of excess amounts of high purity hydrogen were measured at temperature from 77.15 K to 293.15 K and pressure up to 6 MPa. Parameters of Langmuir, Langmuir–Freundlich and Toth equations were set by non-linear fit against adsorption data, predicting accuracy of the equations was then evaluated by the accumulated relative errors between experimental data and those from the equations under different pressure regions. Absolute adsorption amounts determined by the modified equation were used to calculate the isosteric heat of adsorption.It shows that both adsorption isotherms of hydrogen on the GS and the activated carbon have the features of Type I, but the trend of isotherms varying over the pressure is different within the lower temperature region. Results from Langmuir equation have the largest error. Toth equation can much accurately predict the adsorption data with an overall accumulated relative error less than 4%. The value of the isosteric heat of hydrogen adsorption on the GS is about 5.06–6.37 kJ/mol, which is much higher than 4.05–5.52 kJ/mol for hydrogen on the SAC-02 activated carbon under the whole experimental condition. It reveals that interaction between hydrogen molecules and the graphene layer is stronger than that of hydrogen and carbon surface, and Toth equation could be appropriate to analyzing adsorption equilibrium for hydrogen on carbon based adsorbents.     

反应球磨法制备镁/碳纳米复合储氢材料

将无烟煤进行脱灰和碳化,制备微晶碳, 再将微晶碳和铝添加到镁中,用氢气反应球磨法制取镁/碳纳米复合储氢材料.用透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、X射线衍射和差示扫描量热分析对储氢材料的粒度、晶体结构和放氢温度进行了测定.结果表明,微晶碳是镁粉的高效助磨剂,添加40%(质量分数)的微晶碳,球磨3h,即可将镁磨至20～40nm;添加微晶碳和铝能降低储氢材料的放氢温度;微晶碳具有类似石墨结构,较易磨至纳米级,层片之间能够储氢.     

水热合成碳纳米管的电化学储氢性能研究

采用水热法制备了多壁碳纳米管(MCNTs)。以X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等手段对所制碳纳米管进行了表征:管直径在50 nm左右,长度多为5~20μm,管壁厚度一般不超过10nm。电化学测试表明碳纳米管的放电容量约为398mAh.g-1,相当于1.5%的储氢量。     

Molecular orbital calculations of hydrogen storage in carbon and boron nitride clusters

Hydrogen gas storage ability in carbon and boron nitride (BN) clusters was investigated by molecular orbital calculations. From single point energy calculations, H₂ molecules would enter from hexagonal rings of C₆₀ and B₃₆N₃₆ clusters and octagonal rings of B₂₄N₂₄ cluster because of lower energy barrier. Chemisorption calculation of hydrogen for BN clusters showed that hydrogen bonding with nitrogen atoms was more stable than that with boron atoms. Stability of H₂ molecules in BN clusters seems to be higher than that of carbon clusters.     

Hydrogen storage capacity of single-walled carbon nanotube prepared by a modified arc discharge

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, the mean diameter of 1.35 nm) were produced by a modified arc discharging furnace using a mixture powder of KCl and Co-Ni alloy as catalyst at 600°C. The hydrogen storage capacity of SWCNTs was enhanced by the mechanism of atom hydrogen spillover from the supported catalyst. The temperature effect on the hydrogen storage capacity of as-grown SWCNTs was investigated. The relative experiments of SWCNT hydrogen uptake and release were carried out by a high-pressure volumetric gas-adsorption measurement system. The experimental results indicated that the hydrogen storage capacity of SWCNTs increased with the environmental temperatures decreasing. The hydrogen storage capacity of SWCNTs was up to 1.73 wt% at 77 K for 2 hours under the pressure of 10 MPa, and the corresponding releasing hydrogen capacity is about 1.23 wt% under ambient pressure.     

沥青基活性碳纤维的微观结构及其储氢性能研究

氢能是一种清洁的可再生能源，由于传统的储氢材料和储氢技术达不到氢燃料电池电动车的实用要求，储氢问题已成为氢能应用中最急需解决的关键问题。用KOH活化法制备了沥青基活性碳纤维，利用低温（77K）N2吸附法测定沥青基活性碳纤维的BET比表面积和孔结构，沥青基活性碳纤维的比表面积为1484m^2／g，微孔孔容为0．373m^3／g，采用日本SuzukiShokan公司的PCT测量系统，测试沥青基活性碳纤维的储氢性能，在液氮温度和4MPa压力条件下，沥青基活性碳纤维储氢量为4．75％（质量分数）。     

Electrodialysis with bipolar membrane for regeneration of a spent activated carbon

The main purpose of the present work was to develop a treatment method to regenerate granular adsorbent beds saturated with H₂S by utilizing three electrodialysis compartments equipped with a cation or an anion exchange membrane or a bipolar membrane. Three electrodialysis compartments were utilized under various experimental parameters to determine the optimum conditions for the recovery of column particles saturated by H₂S. The desulphurization operation is achieved with the extent of extraction close to 90% and an electric current density of about 30%.Use of the bipolar membrane makes it possible to regenerate the saturated adsorbent granules without adding chemical products. Since the only reagent was electricity, the projected economics are very attractive.     

新型稀土镁基储氢电极合金的电化学性能研究

本文系统研究分析了La0.7-xPrxMg0.3Ni2.45Co0.75Mn0.1Al0.2（x=0．00—0．25）贮氢电极合金的电化学性能。电化学研究发现，随着x值的增大，合金电极的最大放电容量逐渐减小，但是合金的循环稳定性会有一定的提高。高倍率放电性能研究结果显示，随着X值的增大，合金电极的高倍率性能先提高后降。同时，电化学阻抗谱、交换电流密度Ⅰ0、极限电流密度ⅠL以及氢在合金中的扩散系数D的研究也表明，随着x值的增加，合金电极的电化学反应动力学性能首先增加，达到一个最大值后，其动力学性能又会随着x值的增大而有所下降。