钛-钢扩散复合界面组织与结合强度

将钛管、钢管利用冷拔-内压扩散法制备了内包覆钛-钢复管。用扫描电镜、能谱分析、X-光衍射和拉剪试验等方法，研究了扩散退火温度与时间对钛-钢扩散复合界面附近组织、成分和界面剪切强度的影响。结果表明，该制备方法可使钛～钢实现冶金结合；界面剪切强度随扩散温度升高先增加后减小；750—800℃×0．5h扩散退火界面剪切强度最高，可达210MPa左右；扩散退火中Fe、Ti原子发生了互扩散；界面上有TiC形成；750℃×0．5h扩散退火试样断VI未检测到TiFe、TiFe2相；900—950℃×0．5h扩散退火钢侧出现柱状晶区，钛侧出现无晶界晶区与针状马氏体晶区。     

钛/铜中间层/钢扩散焊复合管界面组织与性能

以铜箔为中间层,采用拉拔—内压扩散法制备钛/钢复合管.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X-光衍射仪和能谱仪对界面组织、断口形貌和成分进行分析,通过剪切试验测定界面的结合强度.结果表明,以铜箔作中间层,拉拔—内压扩散法实现了钛/钢的冶金结合;在钛/铜界面处发生了明显的原子扩散,并形成不同的扩散层;随着扩散温度和时间的增加扩散层的厚度逐渐增加;中间层的加入阻止了固相扩散中钛铁、钛碳脆性化合物生成;钛/钢界面的抗剪强度随着扩散温度的升高先增加后降低,铜层的加入使抗剪强度明显提高,最高可达310 MPa.     

铁中间层钛-钢扩散复合界面组织与性能

利用真空扩散焊方法制备了铁中间层钛-钢扩散焊接头,并采用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度和拉伸试验方法,研究了铁中间层钛-钢扩散复合界面组织和性能。结果表明,在900～1050℃、30 min扩散条件下,Fe、Ti原子在界面处发生了互扩散;钛侧形成βTi+α-βTi+αTi组织,钢侧发生脱碳,铁中间层形成柱状晶组织;拉伸强度随扩散温度升高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,900℃、30 min扩散试样拉伸强度最高,达到260 MPa;拉伸断口具有粗糙断裂区、脆性断裂区及二次断裂区特征,并在断口上检测出TiC、FeTi和Fe2Ti相。     

铜中间层钛-钢扩散复合界面组织与性能

利用真空扩散焊方法制备了铜中间层钛-钢焊接接头,并采用OM、SEM、EDS、显微硬度和拉伸试验方法,研究了铜中间层钛-钢扩散复合界面组织和性能。结果表明,Fe、Ti原子在界面处发生了互扩散,钛侧形成α-βTi+αTi或βTi+α-βTi+αTi组织,钢侧发生脱碳并形成柱状晶组织;拉伸强度随扩散温度升高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,950℃、30 min扩散试样拉伸强度最高,达到262 MPa;拉伸断口具有塑性断裂区与脆性断裂区特征,并在断口上检测出TiC相。     

扩散退火和热轧温度对钛铜界面结合强度的影响

对热挤压的钛铜复合棒进行扩散处理,研究扩散退火温度及保温时间对界面结合强度的影响,并通过测试Ti和Cu在高温下的拉伸性能来选择较为合适的热轧温度。结果表明:扩散退火可有效促进界面处金属原子的扩散和增强结合强度,当扩散退火在780～800 ℃/30 min时复合界面的结合强度最高;钛铜复合棒热轧温度应选择780 ℃较为合适,此时Ti、Cu的强度和塑性指标相近,利于热轧时的均匀变形;钛铜复合棒的热轧结合机理可用N.Bay理论、热作用机制及位错学说进行解释。     

黄铜/钢扩散复合双金属界面组织与性能

用扫描电镜、能谱分析和压剪试验等方法,研究了扩散退火温度与时间对黄铜/钢扩散复合双金属界面附近组织、成分和界面结合强度的影响.结果表明,通过扩散复合可使黄铜/钢界面实现良好的冶金结合;在一定温度和时间范围内,随扩散温度和时间的增加界面结合面积增大,结合强度增加,可达220MPa;界面附近发生了原子的互扩散,界面上无有害相生成.     

隔离材料对钛-钢复合板表面质量及结合强度的影响

研究了不同隔离材料对钛-钢复合板表面质量及结合强度的影响.试验结果表明,同种隔离材料在不同加工温度下,随加工温度升高表面质量变差;不同种隔离材料对复合板的表面质量及结合强度有一定影响;以MoS2或者退火态钛自身的氧化膜作为隔离材料,复层的表面质量和结合强度能够满足质量要求.     

钛-不锈钢扩散焊接的界面组织与性能

印度D eem ed大学的G H O SH等人研究了800℃下钛-不锈钢扩散焊接头的界面组织与性能。用C P纯钛和304不锈钢作扩散偶,在3M Pa同轴压力下在真空炉内加热进行扩散焊接。炉内真空度为(3￣4)×10-2Pa,升温速度为144K·m in-1,至800℃后分别保温30,60,90,120,150和180m in。用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、图像分析仪、X光衍射仪以及电子探针对接头的扩散焊接层的显微组织、元素分布和相组成进行了检测分析,并测定了接头的抗拉强度。结果显现,扩散焊接层可明显的分为4个区:1区为含有退火孪晶的不锈钢奥氏体相;2区为黑色腐蚀带,位于含有不同金属…     

保温时间对TiAl合金与镍基合金扩散连接界面组织结构及连接强度的影响

采用纯钛箔做中间层扩散连接TiAl合金与镍基高温合金(GH99).利用扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射等手段对界面产物及接头的界面结构进行分析.结果表明,GH99/Ti界面主要由四个反应层组成,分别为(Ni,Cr)ss,富Ti-(Ni,Cr)ss,TiNi和Ti2Ni.当保温时间较短时,Ti/TiAl界面反应层主要为Ti(Al)ss.延长保温时间,此界面反应层转化为Ti3Al和Al3NiTi2.随着保温时间的延长,TiNi反应层厚度持续增加,而Ti2Ni反应层厚度先增加后减小.随保温时间的延长接头的抗剪强度先增加后减小,然后又增加.由接头断口形貌可以看出,接头主要断裂于Ti2Ni反应层.     

液-固扩散焊复合连接Ti(C,N)与40Cr的界面行为与接头强度

通过预置Ti/Cu非对称中间层对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷与40Cr钢进行了液-固扩散焊复合连接试验,重点研究了界面组织、接头强度及其影响因素.结果表明,通过预置Ti/Cu非对称中间层液-固扩散焊,能够分别实现Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷与铜箔,以及铜箔与40Cr钢之间的冶金结合;Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷界面物相呈梯度分布,形成Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷/TiAl₂/Ti₂Cu/TiCu/铜箔结构;Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷一侧靠近界面区域存在较大的焊接残余拉应力,以及脆弱的TiAl₂金属间化合物层,是制约焊接接头强度的关键因素;单纯以铜箔为中间层,采用常规固相扩散焊连接Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,即使在加热温度1223 K、压力20 MPa条件下,也难以实现Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷与铜箔的有效连接.     

Microstructure and bond strength of diffusion-bonded nickel aluminide–titanium joints

Diffusion bonding of Ni₇₅Al₂₅ alloy to commercially pure titanium was carried out at 900 °C for different times under 2 MPa in vacuum. The microstructure of transition joints was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Good bonding was observed on all the samples. Chemical compositions of the interface of the bonded samples were identified by energy dispersive spectroscopy. EDS results indicated the formation of the different compositions at the interface of the bonded samples. X-ray diffraction studies showed the presence of TiNi, Ti₂Ni, Ni₃Al, Ni4.22Al0.9 and Ti phases on the fractured surfaces of bonded samples. It was observed that the shear strengths of joints increased with increasing of bonding time. The maximum shear strength was found as 205 MPa for the bonded couple treated for 2 h.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded joints between titanium and stainless steel with copper interlayer

Abstract

The solid state joining of titanium to stainless steel with copper interlayer was carried out in the temperature range of 850–950°C for 7·2 ks in vacuum. The interface microstructures and reaction products of the transition joints were investigated with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The elemental concentration of reaction products at the diffusion interfaces was evaluated by electron probe microanalysis. The occurrence of difference in intermetallics at both interfaces (SS/Cu and Cu/Ti) such as CuTi₂, CuTi, Cu₄Ti₃, χ, FeTi, Fe₂Ti, Cr₂Ti, α-Fe, α-Ti, β-Ti, T₂(Ti₄₀Cu_60?xFe_x; 5<x<17), T₄(Ti₃₇Cu_63?xFe_x; 5<x<7) and T₅(Ti₄₅Cu_55?xFe_x; 4<x<5) has been predicted from the ternary phase diagrams of Fe–Cu–Ti and Fe–Cr–Ti. These reaction products were detected by X-ray diffraction technique. The maximum tensile strength of ～91% of Ti strength and shear strength of ～74% of Ti strength along with ～ 7·2% ductility were obtained for the joint bonded at 900°C due to better coalescence of mating surfaces. At a lower joining temperature of 850° C, bond strength is poor due to incomplete coalescence of the mating surfaces. With an increase in the joining temperature to 950°C, a decrease in bond strength occurred due to an increase in the volume fraction of brittle Fe–Ti base intermetallics.     

Ti-17钛合金扩散连接界面特征及接头剪切强度(英文)

研究不同连接时间下Ti-17钛合金扩散连接界面特征及接头剪切强度。结果表明,随着连接时间的延长,连接界面平均空洞尺寸逐渐减小,空洞数量增加至最大值后逐渐减少。具有锯齿状边缘的不规则空洞逐渐转变为具有平滑表面的椭圆形空洞以及细小的圆形空洞。当连接时间为60 min时连接界面上形成了跨连接界面的晶粒。接头剪切强度随着连接时间的延长而增大,当连接时间为60 min时,接头剪切强度达到最大值,为887.4 MPa。尽管塑性变形的作用时间很短,但是对促进空洞闭合以及提高接头剪切强度的作用显著。     

Morphology and reaction kinetics of the interface formed by diffusion bonding

采用固相真空扩散连接方法, 在873-913 K保温40-240 min条件下对轧制厚度分别为 20和60 um的Mo和Al箔进行扩散连接. 发现Mo-Al固-固界面反应初生相在Mo箔内部形核进而“破壳”生长的形貌演变模式, 成分分析表明该初生相为Al8Mo3. 初生相“破壳”后,Mo-Al界面上由Mo至Al的产物分布依次是Al8Mo3, Al5Mo和Al12Mo;在913 K保温240 min后, Al8Mo3与Al5Mo间出现Al4Mo相. 界面反应的动力学分析表明, 873-913 K条件下, Mo-Al界面反应初生相孕育期为 52-34.5 min; Al原子在Mo-Al界面新生相内和Mo箔内的扩散指前因子D01和D02分别为4.61 10-2和2.05 10-2 cm2/min, 扩散激活能G Al-1和G Al-2分别为0.98和1.48 eV.     

Bonding characteristics and diffusion barrier effect of the TiC phase formed at the bonding interface in an explosively welded titanium/high- carbon steel clad

Microstructural aspects and bonding characteristics of the explosively welded titanium/high-carbon steel clad of the as-welded and postannealed states were investigated. Amorphous and βTi phases were observed at the interface in the as-welded clad. These were considered to be the trace of melting and subsequently rapid solidification of thin layers along the contact surface of both the parent materials. The melting layer was considered to be responsible for the substantial bonding. The TiC layer was formed at the bonding interface by postannealing, which served as a barrier for diffusion of species across the interface and suppressed the formation of Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds. As a result, high bonding strength was preserved even after prolonged annealing at elevated temperatures.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded joints between tungsten and F82H steel using a titanium interlayer

Diffusion bonding between W and ferritic/martensitic steel F82H using a Ti interlayer was carried out in vacuum at temperature range of 850–950 °C for 1 h with 10 MPa. Metallographic analysis with field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed excellent bonding at both W/Ti and Ti/F82H interfaces. The chemical compositions of the reaction products were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy and their existence were confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. α–β Ti solid solution was detected at W/Ti interface, while the reaction phases at Ti/F82H interface are dependent on the joining temperature. Joint strength was evaluated and the variations in strength of the joints were significantly related to the microstructural evolution of the diffusion zone. All the joints fractured at Ti/F82H interface during shear testing. The hardness distribution across the joining interfaces was also determined.