The Association of a Mediterranean-Style Diet Pattern with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Status in a Community Cohort Study

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in reproductive-aged women. While lifestyle management is first-line treatment in PCOS, the dietary intake of women with PCOS is unclear and there is no research assessing dietary patterns of women with and without PCOS. The aim of this study was to examine dietary patterns in a large cohort of women with and without PCOS. Data were from 7569 participants in the 1973–1978 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health population assessed at 2009 (Survey 5) (n = 414 PCOS, n = 7155 non-PCOS). Dietary patterns were evaluated using factor analysis and multiple logistic regressions assessed their associations with PCOS status. Three dietary patterns were identified that explained 27% of the variance in food intake between women with and without PCOS: Non-core foods; Meats and take-away and Mediterranean-style. The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern was independently associated with PCOS status. On adjusted analysis for each 1 SD increase in the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, there was a 26% greater likelihood that women had PCOS. This may indicate an improvement in the quality of dietary intake following a diagnosis of PCOS. Future research should examine the contribution of dietary patterns to the incidence and severity of PCOS and the potential for modification of dietary patterns in the lifestyle management of PCOS.     

Association of Macronutrients Composition,Physical Activity and Serum Androgen Concentration in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The roles of dietary macronutrients and physical activity (PA) in patients with PCOS have not been sufficiently reported, especially in adolescent girls. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated the associations between serum concentrations of total testosterone (tT), free testosterone (fT), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and dietary macronutrients intake as well as different types and levels of PA. The study population consisted of 96 girls of Caucasian ancestry, aged 14–18 years: 61 participants with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 35 healthy controls. Serum tT, fT, A, DHEA-S, and SHBG were determined in fasting blood. Macronutrient intake and PA levels were assessed by using the three-day food record method and the Beliefs and Eating Habits Questionnaire (KomPAN), respectively. We found several positive correlations between dietary macronutrients such as total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and hormonal parameters across the entire cohort and in healthy girls. A positive correlation between SHBG and total protein consumption as well as an inverse correlation between SHBG and carbohydrate intake could be determined. No correlation between androgens and macronutrients was found in the PCOS group. In contrast, we observed an inverse correlation between androgen concentrations (except of DHEA-S) and “work/school” and/or “leisure time” PA only in PCOS patients. Moreover, the hormone levels differed according to PA intensity. In conclusion, the impact of diet and PA was strikingly different in adolescents with and without PCOS. These findings indicate that disturbed hormonal homeostasis in PCOS, at least in the youngest patients, likely “overtrump” dietary influences, and otherwise, PA offers a therapeutic potential that requires further evaluation of the long-term effects in randomized studies. (ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04738409","term_id":"NCT04738409"}}NCT04738409.)     

Relation between Inflammation,Oxidative Stress,and Macronutrient Intakes in Normal and Excessive Body Weight Adolescent Girls with Clinical Features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The impact of diet on inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate, in PCOS girls, whether certain macronutrient intakes can be associated with these disturbances. For this purpose, 59 PCOS participants (aged 14–18 years) were recruited to this study and divided into two subgroups: overweight/obese—Ov/Ob group (n = 22) and normal weight—N group (n = 37). Nutrition was assessed using a 3-day food record. The studied markers were total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukins 1 and 6 (IL-1 and IL-6). We found plant protein intake inversely correlated with IL-6 (p = 0.007; r = −0.557), TNF-α (p = 0.006; r = −0.564), MDA (p = 0.01; r = −0.539) in the Ov/Ob group and with TAC (p = 0.021; r = −0.38) in the N group. Inverse correlations in the Ov/Ob group were observed between protein intake and IL-6 (p = 0.031; r = −0.461), TNF- α (p = 0.043; r = −0.435); carbohydrates and IL-6 (p = 0.037; r = −0.448), MDA (p = 0.045; r = −0.431); fiber and IL-6 (p = 0.025; r = −0.475). A positive relationship between cholesterol intake and CRP concentration (p = 0.038; r = 0.342) was also found in the N group. These findings revealed that inflammation and OS are increased in Ov/Ob girls with decreased plant protein intake and low carbohydrates in the diet. Moreover, inflammation may be increased by cholesterol intake in slim PCOS girls. On the other hand, decreased intake of fiber and total protein intake increased inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04738409","term_id":"NCT04738409"}}NCT04738409.     

青春期多囊卵巢综合征诊断标准的现状分析

多囊卵巢综合征是育龄妇女中最常见的内分泌疾病,在青春期表现尤其明显.目前,成年多囊卵巢综合征的诊断标准已经明确.随着近年青春期多囊卵巢综合征发病率的逐渐提高,急需建立适合青春期多囊卵巢综合征的诊断标准.现讨论高雄激素血症、闭经和卵巢呈多囊性改变等在青春期多囊卵巢综合征诊断中的重要意义.     

青春期多囊卵巢综合征的诊疗进展

青春期多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)的诊断标准仍存在争议,越来越多的学者赞成使用鹿特丹标准,前提是同时具备3个条件:稀发排卵或不排卵、高雄激素血症、超声下卵巢多囊样改变.对于青春期PCOS患者,如3个条件中只满足2个就做出诊断可能导致诊断过度.代谢综合征和睡眠障碍在青春期PCOS患者中发生率较高,并长期对患者健康造成影响.应采取综合治疗,包括调整生活方式,药物治疗是针对胰岛素抵抗及代谢功能障碍,常使用胰岛素增敏剂.综述青春期PCOS诊断与治疗的进展.     

Body Composition and Its Impact on the Hormonal Disturbances in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

We investigated the relationship between selected body composition (BC) parameters and included 55 women diagnosed with PCOS and 29 women in which PCOS was excluded. Hormone concentration and BC parameters were assessed during hospitalization. Women with PCOS had higher concentration of luteinizing hormones, total testosterone, androstenedione, and Anti-Müllerian hormones compared to women that were not diagnosed with PCOS. We did not observe any significant differences in the BC parameters between both groups as well as between four PCOS phenotype subgroups. Only in the group of women with PCOS was the concentration of sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone correlated with all investigated BC parameters. Correspondence analysis did not confirm unambiguously associations between phenotypes of PCOS and the value of BC parameters, while logistic regression revealed that increased Anti-Müllerian hormone concentration and the value of body mass index could be useful parameters in differentiating women with PCOS and women with other disorders. The ROC analysis performed on the entire group of women also confirmed that the concentration of Anti-Müllerian hormones could be a powerful parameter to categorize women as suffering from PCOS.     

Indirect Predictors of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comparison of Methods

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, is a part of a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides a gold standard measurement of VAT. This study aimed to compare ten different indirect methods of VAT estimation in PCOS women. The study included 154 PCOS and 68 age- and BMI-matched control women. Subjects were divided into age groups: 18–30 y.o. and 30–40 y.o. Analysis included: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist/height 0.5 (WHT.5R), visceral adipose index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and fat mass index (FMI). VAT accumulation, android-to-gynoid ratio (A/G), and total body fat (TBF) was measured by DXA. ROC analysis revealed that WHtR, WHT.5R, WC, BMI, and LAP demonstrated the highest predictive value in identifying VAT in the PCOS group. Lower cut-off values of BMI (23.43 kg/m²) and WHtR (0.45) were determined in the younger PCOS group and higher thresholds of WHtR (0.52) in the older PCOS group than commonly used. Measuring either: WHtR, WHT.5R, WC, BMI, or LAP, could help identify a subgroup of PCOS patients at high cardiometabolic risk. The current observations reinforce the importance of using special cut-offs to identify VAT, dependent on age and PCOS presence.     

The Role of a High-Fat,High-Fructose Diet on Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Prepubertal Mice

This study aims to investigate the effects of a high-fat, high-fructose (HF/HFr) diet on metabolic/endocrine dysregulations associated with letrozole (LET)-induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in prepubertal female mice. Thirty-two prepubertal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups of eight and implanted with LET or a placebo, with simultaneous administration of an HF/HFr/standard diet for five weeks. After sacrifice, the liver and blood were collected for selected biochemical analyses. The ovaries were taken for histopathological examination. The LET+HF/HFr group gained significantly more weight than the LET-treated mice. Both the LET+HF/HFr and the placebo-treated mice on the HF/HFr diet developed polycystic ovaries. Moreover the LET+HF/HFr group had significantly elevated testosterone levels, worsened lipid profile and indices of insulin sensitivity. In turn, the HF/HFr diet alone led to similar changes in the LET-treated group, except for the indices of insulin sensitivity. Hepatic steatosis also occurred in both HF/HFr groups. The LET-treated group did not develop endocrine or metabolic abnormalities, but polycystic ovaries were seen. Since the HF/HFr diet can cause substantial metabolic and reproductive dysregulation in both LET-treated and placebo mice, food items rich in simple sugar—particularly fructose—and saturated fat, which have the potential to lead to PCOS progression, should be eliminated from the diet of young females.     

Milk and Dairy Products and Their Impact on Carbohydrate Metabolism and Fertility—A Potential Role in the Diet of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Milk and dairy products are considered an important component of healthy and balanced diet and are deemed to exert a positive effect on human health. They appear to play a role in the prevention and treatment of carbohydrate balance disturbances. The products include numerous valuable components with a potential hypoglycemic activity, such as calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and probiotics. Multiple authors suggested that the consumption of dairy products was negatively associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and ovulation disorders. However, there are still numerous ambiguities concerning both the presumed protective role of dairy products in carbohydrate metabolism disorders, and the advantage of consuming low-fat dairy products over high-fat ones, especially in women with the risk of ovulation disorders. Therefore, this literature review aims at the presentation of the current state of knowledge concerning the relationship between dairy product consumption and the risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus in women, and the potential effect on the course of polycystic ovary syndrome.     

Soy Food Intake Associated with Obesity and Hypertension in Children and Adolescents in Guangzhou,Southern China

The associations between soy food intake and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children remain unclear due to limited evidence. We aim to explore soy food intake and its association with the risks of obesity and hypertension in Chinese children and adolescents. A total of 10,536 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years (5125 boys and 5411 girls) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou City, southern China. Data on demographic characteristics and dietary consumption were collected using self-reported questionnaires, and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension were defined using Chinese criteria for children and adolescents. A multiple logistic regression model was applied to estimate the association between soy food intake and obesity and hypertension. Roughly 39.5% of the participants consumed soy food more than three times per week. The mean amounts of liquid and solid soy food intake were 0.35 ± 0.54 cups/day and 0.46 ± 0.63 servings/day, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of hypertension among those with high liquid soy food intake and a high frequency of all soy food intake (more than three times/week) were 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67–0.94), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70–0.97) compared to those with no intake. Additionally, the adjusted OR of obesity among those with high solid soy food intake and a high frequency of all soy food intake were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.09–1.63) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.07–1.58), respectively. In conclusion, 39.5% of southern Chinese children and adolescents had high soy food intake (more than three times/week), which was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension and a greater prevalence of obesity.     

Nutrition Targeting by Food Timing: Time-Related Dietary Approaches to Combat Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Effective nutritional guidelines for reducing abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome are urgently needed. Over the years, many different dietary regimens have been studied as possible treatment alternatives. The efficacy of low-calorie diets, diets with different proportions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates, traditional healthy eating patterns, and evidence-based dietary approaches were evaluated. Reviewing literature published in the last 5 y reveals that these diets may improve risk factors associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, each diet has limitations ranging from high dropout rates to maintenance difficulties. In addition, most of these dietary regimens have the ability to attenuate some, but not all, of the components involved in this complicated multifactorial condition. Recently, interest has arisen in the time of day foods are consumed (food timing). Studies have examined the implications of eating at the right or wrong time, restricting eating hours, time allocation for meals, and timing of macronutrient consumption during the day. In this paper we review new insights into well-known dietary therapies as well as innovative time-associated dietary approaches for treating obesity and metabolic syndrome. We discuss results from systematic meta-analyses, clinical interventions, and animal models.     

Effects of Vitamin D on Fertility,Pregnancy and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome—A Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine reproductive disorders in women. Vitamin D deficiency is also quite common in this condition. The degree of vitamin D deficiency correlates with the severity of PCOS. Both male and female vitamin D levels play a role in fertility and affect the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Moreover, fertility and IVF indicators are improved by vitamin D not only in healthy women but in those diagnosed with PCOS. Both vitamin D deficiency and PCOS increase pregnancy-related complications. Vitamin D supplementation and optimal vitamin D levels decrease both maternal and fetal risk for complications and adverse events. Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation may ameliorate or even prevent pregnancy-related reversible bone loss in mothers. This review emphasizes the roles of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation and their correlation with PCOS regarding reproductive health.     

Application of a Standard Cross-Specialty Workup for Diagnosis and Metabolic Screening of Obese Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

PurposePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder. The used diagnostic criteria and screening for related metabolic disease in adolescent girls with PCOS vary with medical specialty, causing discrepancies in care. We sought to improve and standardize care to guidelines for adolescents with PCOS and obesity.MethodsThis is a quality improvement project in a multispecialty, tertiary care children’s hospital. Providers in Adolescent Medicine, Gynecology, Pediatric Endocrinology, and Endocrine-Metabolic clinics participated. Diagnostic testing and metabolic screening data were collected for new patient encounters with PCOS and obesity, with two improvement cycles from December 2012 to March 2017. Providers received education on diagnostics tests and metabolic screening recommendations, and electronic medical record tools were created. The number of diagnostic and metabolic screening tests ordered per cycle and per clinic were analyzed and compared with baseline.ResultsThe preintervention cycle included 74 encounters—44 in Cycle 1 and 58 in Cycle 2. Diagnostic test completeness improved by Cycle 2 (46%–68%) for all clinics. Screening for metabolic disease only improved in Gynecology (27%–71%). Adolescent Medicine, Endocrinology, and Endocrine-Metabolic used note templates, and Adolescent Medicine and Gynecology used order sets. Note templates were associated with more diagnostic tests ordered in Endocrinology (30%–88%; p = .002).ConclusionsImplementation of quality improvement measures improved the number of diagnostic and metabolic screening tests performed in new patient encounters for PCOS, although the most effective strategy varied by clinic type and electronic medical record habits. Similar efforts should be implemented to standardize care at other institutions.     

孕期个体化营养指导对多囊卵巢综合征患者的影响和意义

目的 探讨孕期个体化营养指导对多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）患者的妊娠结局及糖脂代谢的影响及意义.方法 选择2010年1月至2013年3月在南京医科大学附属无锡妇幼保健院妇产科确诊为PCOS并妊娠成功者68例为研究对象.按照是否接受个体化营养指导,将其分为干预组（n=36）和对照组（n=32）,比较分析两组的母婴结局和糖脂代谢差异.对两组受试者于孕龄为32-36孕周进行75 g口服葡萄糖耐量检查（OGTT）及胰岛素（INS）释放试验,比较两组空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平与稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数（ HOMA-IR）、胰岛β细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）及OGTT血糖曲线下面积（AUCglu）、OGTT胰岛素曲线下面积（AUCINS）.同时比较两组受试者分娩前总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）水平和分娩时羊水过多、巨大儿和低出生体质量儿发生率（本研究遵循的程序符合南京医科大学附属无锡市妇幼保健院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书）.两组受试者的年龄、分娩孕周、孕前体质量指数（BMI）、孕前FPG等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结果 干预组与对照组的妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）和巨大儿发生率分别为（22.2% vs.46.9%; 8.3% vs.31.3%）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;羊水过多和低出生体质量儿发生率分别为（2.8% vs.6.3%;0 vs.9.4%）,两组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.干预组与对照组的TC比较[（6.36 ±1.97）mmol/L vs.（6.43±2.01）mmol/L],差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而TG、LDL-C及HDL-C比较[（1.17±0.05） mmol/L vs.（2.31±0.14）mmol/L;（3.45±0.16） mmol/L vs.（4.38±0.23） mmol/L;（1.93±0.18）mmol/L vs.（1.18±0.21） mmol/L],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.干预组和对照组FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR及HOMA-β比较[（4.39±0.56） mmol/L vs.（4.53±0.67） mmol/L;（6.35±4.92） mIU/L vs.（7.82±4.39） mIU/L;（1.34±0.87） vs.（1.67±0.98）;（132.8±87.8） vs.（171.5±99.8）],差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.干预组和对照组的AUCglu[（20.14±3.79） mmol/Lh vs.（23.36±5.18） mmol/Lh]和AUCINS[（163.7±71.80） mU/ Lh vs.（230.5±130.32） mU/ Lh]比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论 PCOS患者于孕期接受营养指导可改善其孕期糖脂代谢,降低GDM和巨大儿发生率.     

Yogurt Enriched with Inulin Ameliorated Reproductive Functions and Regulated Gut Microbiota in Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mice

The effects of synbiotic yogurt supplemented with inulin on the pathological manifestations and gut microbiota–bile acid axis were investigated using a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice model. Female C57BL/6J mice were injected subcutaneously with DHEA at a dose of 6 mg/100 g BW for 20 days to establish a PCOS mouse model. Then, the PCOS mice were treated with yogurt containing inulin (6% w/w) at 15 mL/kg BW for 24 days. Results showed that supplementation of synbiotic yogurt enriched with inulin to PCOS mice decreased the body weight gain, improved estrus cycles and ovary morphology, and reduced the levels of luteinizing hormone while increasing the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and interleukin-22 in serum. At the genus level, synbiotic yogurt increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia. PICRUSt analysis indicated that KEGG pathways including bile acid biosynthesis were changed after inulin-enriched synbiotic yogurt supplementation. Synbiotic yogurt enriched with inulin also modulated the bile acid profiles. In conclusion, inulin-enriched synbiotic yogurt alleviated reproductive dysfunction and modulated gut microbiota and bile acid profiles in PCOS mice.     

Factors Associated with Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Adolescents Living in Sicily,Southern Italy

The present study aimed to examine the factors associated with increased Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence among a sample of Italian adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1135 students (13–16 years) attending 13 secondary schools of Sicily, southern Italy. Validated instruments were used for dietary assessment and the KIDMED score to assess adolescents’ adherence to the MD. A higher adherence to the MD was associated with high socioeconomic status (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03–2.26) and high physical activity (OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02–1.70), whereas lower adherence was associated with living in an urban environment (OR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44–0.97) and being obese (OR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37–0.94). The adolescents’ KIDMED scores were inversely associated with adolescents’ intake of sweets, fast foods, fried foods, and sugary drinks, and directly with fruit, vegetables, pasta, fish, and cheese intakes. Urban-living adolescents were less likely to eat fruit and more prone to consume meat, sugary drinks, and fast food than rural-living adolescents. The latter were more likely to eat sweets and snacks. A general poor quality of food consumption in Italian adolescents away from the MD was reported, especially among those living in urban areas.     

二甲双胍对肥胖及非肥胖PCOS妇女内分泌的影响

目的:分析肥胖及非肥胖多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的内分泌特征,探讨应用二甲双胍治疗对两类患者临床症状及内分泌指标的影响。方法:按体重指数(BMI)将43例PCOS患者分为肥胖组23例,非PCOS肥胖组20例,比较BMI、FPG、FINS及FSH、LH及T;两组均服用二甲双胍3个月,观察治疗前后临床症状及内分泌指标的改善情况。结果:肥胖组BMI、FINS及HOMA-IR明显高于非肥胖组(P<0.01),而非肥胖组LH高于肥胖组(P<0.05)。二甲双胍治疗后肥胖组BMI降低(P<0.01),FSH升高(P<0.05),LH、FPG、FINS和HOMA-IR均明显降低(P<0.01)。而非肥胖组BMI及FPG无改变。结论:肥胖与非肥胖PCOS患者内分泌特征不同,二甲双胍可明显改善肥胖及非肥胖PCOS患者的临床症状和内分泌指标,尤其适用于肥胖PCOS患者。     

青春期多囊卵巢综合征的诊治

由于青春期多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的病理变化与正常青春期生理变化相似,2012年提出青春期PCOS的诊断应同时符合Rotterdam标准的3个指标,即初潮后2年仍存在月经稀发或闭经、超声下多囊样卵巢（PCO）改变（包括卵巢体积＞10 cm3）和高雄激素血症。尽管代谢因素不是PCOS 的诊断指标,但仍应注意青春期PCOS患者代谢紊乱的发生情况。而青春期PCOS的治疗包括：生活方式调整,筛查并早期干预代谢紊乱,纠正月经周期紊乱。     

来曲唑联合尿促性素治疗多囊卵巢综合征不孕症患者的临床观察

目的评估来曲唑（LE）联合尿促性素（HMG）低剂量方案治疗多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）耐克罗米芬（CC）无排卵不孕症的有效性和安全性。方法对60例耐CC的PCOS不孕症患者进行110个周期LE联合HMG低剂量方案促排卵治疗,以阴道B超和血雌二醇（E2）水平作为监测卵泡发育的指标。结果除3例因卵泡发育数目大于8个而终止、1例卵泡不发育而放弃外,其余周期均排卵,30个周期为单卵泡发育。在60例患者中,有28例单胎妊娠,2例双胎妊娠,无多胎妊娠,无重度卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）发生,无局部及全身不良反应。结论 LE联合HMG低剂量方案是治疗耐CC的PCOS无排卵不孕症有效而安全的排卵选择。适时准确的阴道B超是适时调整剂量减少治疗中止、防止OHSS的有效措施。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清色素上皮衍生因子水平变化及其意义研究

目的：探讨多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者血清色素上皮衍生因子（PEDF）水平,并评价其激素水平和代谢指标之间的关系。方法：对本院近5年就诊的40例PCOS患者（PCOS组）与40例健康体检者（对照组）进行对比,评价两组患者的血清PEDF水平,并对两组有差异的指标与PEDF进行相关分析。结果：两组的BMI、糖代谢、脂代谢及激素水平比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其余各项基础指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。PCOS组BMI低于24 kg/m2的患者PEDF水平及hs-CRP均明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。PCOS组BMI≥24 kg/m2的患者HOMA指数及PEDF水平均明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,hs-CRP明显高于对照组（P=0.03）。PEDF与hs-CRP（r=0.68,P〈0.05）、HOMA指数（r=0.32,P〈0.05）、BMI（r=0.29,P〈0.05）、腰臀比（r=0.31,P〈0.05）、舒张压（r=0.24,P〈0.05）、总胆固醇（r=0.33,P〈0.05）、甘油三酯（r=0.39,P〈0.05）及LDL-C（r=0.44,P〈0.05）正相关,而与HDL成负相关关系（r=-0.36,P〈0.05）。结论：PCOS患者中血清PEDF水平高于正常,特别是超重的PCOS患者血清PEDF显著升高,且与炎症反应、胰岛素抵抗指数及脂代谢情况关系密切。