原棉纤维的活性染料无盐染色

含盐量高是纤维素纤维印染废水再生回用率低的主要原因。试验尝试对原棉纤维直接用活性染料在常温下进行无盐染色,以减少染色废水中的含盐量。研究结果表明,染色纤维的固色率随碱剂用量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当碱剂质量浓度为30 g/L时,染色纤维的固色率达到最大值91.0%。随着染色时间的延长,固色率逐渐增加,当染色时间为10 h时,固色率达到最大值79.3%。原棉纤维染色后,在皂洗过程中添加适量双氧水,可获得与常规散纤维染色工艺相同的染色效果。染色纤维的主体长度、断裂强度与短绒率均优于常规散纤维染色工艺。     

棉织物活性染料中性染色工艺

[编者按]活性染料是纤维素纤维染色最主要的染料,其染色工艺要求在碱性的条件下固色.为了改变活性染料碱性固色的染色工艺,染整工作者进行了各种探索,包括开发新的活性染料,开发新的染色工艺,以及对纤维素纤维进行预处理等.在此,我们选译了世界著名纺织学府--英国利兹大学DavidM Lewis教授开发新染色工艺的论文,以了解国外在此领域中的研究进展.     

活性染料的发展及其应用(五)

<正>9提高染料对纤维共价结合的多种途径9.1纤维素改性提高纤维-染料共价结合活性染料在含氨基纤维上的固色率远大于在纤维素纤维上的,因此,氨基酸支链上含端氨基的羊毛,可以采用活性染料在p H为5~7的条件下染色,且固色效率非常高,中深色总固着效率可达95%~100%。优异的染色性能使得羊毛染色时无需添加电解质。因此,目前大量的研究工作都集     

交联胺化改性剂TETS改性棉纤维染色性能的研究

用多官能团的交联胺化改性剂TETS对纤维素纤维进行改性，在赋予织物抗皱功能的同时，纤维的染色性能也发生了很大的变化，活性染料染色的上染率和固色率大大提高．TETS改性为纤维素纤维的交联胺化改性以及实现活性染料的酸性（或中性）无盐染色提供了一条新的途径．     

代用碱TP的研制及应用

活性染料是目前纤维素纤维染色使用的主要染料,使用中需要用纯碱进行固色处理,其目的是完成染料与纤维间的共价键结合。但是纯碱存在使用量大、操作麻烦、易产生粉尘等缺点。为了解决这些问题,并达到改善染色质量,显著降低废水的污染程度,节能减排、降本增效和降低劳动强度等目的,将研制的代用碱TP用于安诺其公司生产的活性S系列染料的固色过程,控制固色工艺中的固色时间,固色温度,代用碱用量,通过固色率的测试,与传统工艺中使用碳酸钠作为固色剂时的固色率作对比,发现代用碱TP固色效果与传统碱剂碳酸钠基本相当,得到了代用碱TP的最佳用量及最佳的固色工艺。     

纤维素纤维网状交联改性及其染色性能

通过使用以环氧基为反应性基团的多活性基阳离子化合物为交联剂,研究了纤维素纤维网状交联改性及其染色性能。结果表明,通过采用多活性基阳离子化合物对纤维素纤维进行交联修饰,用活性染料进行染色,染色后的织物得色量高,染色牢度好,染料上染率、固色率均高于常规染色,染料利用率得到较大提高。     

粘胶蛹蛋白长丝／棉交织针织面料染色工艺

粘胶蛹蛋白长丝／棉针织面料是由3种组分制成的面料,同时含有蛋白质纤维和纤维素纤维,这就给该面料染色工艺带来了一定的难度。为了找到能同时上染这3种纤维的染料,分别选用了直接染料、活性染料进行染色试验,测试了染色过程中蛹蛋白的失重率和强力的损失率及染色性能,对比了所选用的固色碱剂,选出了最佳的固色碱剂和染色工艺。     

N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物改性对苎麻精干麻纤维染色性能的影响

苎麻精干麻纤维经N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)溶液改性,考察NMMO溶液改性对苎麻纤维的断裂强力、纤维构架(红外光谱分析)及纤维染色性能的影响.结果表明,随着NMMO质量分数的升高,纤维断裂强力逐渐下降,最低降到29 cN;红外光谱表明苎麻纤维中羟基数量明显增加;染料上染苎麻纤维的上染率有明显提高而固色率稍微下降,但最终固色率还是提高了.当NMMO的质量分数为80%时,染料上染率提高了42%,固色率下降了5%,而最终固色率增加了25%.     

香蕉纤维结构及其染色性能

采用扫描电镜、红外光谱分析了香蕉纤维的理化特征.通过分析3种活性染料对香蕉纤维的上染速率、上染率和固色率,并与亚麻纤维的染色性能进行比较,发现香蕉纤维的染色性能与亚麻纤维相似,但比亚麻纤维更易染色.试验采用的3种活性染料染香蕉纤维时,元明粉质量浓度为30～60g/L,纯碱质量浓度为10～20g/L时,染色效果最好.     

活性染料低(无)盐染色的发展

活性染料因其优异的染色性能得以广泛应用,但染色过程中为提高染料上染率及固色率使用大量无机盐带来了环境污染.本文从低盐活性染料、纤维素纤维的改性及无盐染色助剂开发等3个方面概要的阐述了低盐染色技术的研究进展,并从湿短蒸工艺、无盐轧蒸连续工艺和冷轧堆工艺分析了活性染料的低(无)盐的染色工艺发展.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.