LC4CS铝合金大气腐蚀模拟加速实验方法的研究

采用周期降雨模式的加速腐蚀方法对LC4铝合金进行试验,通过正交试验分析干燥时间、降雨时间、润湿时间、相对湿度、去极化剂、加速剂、人造雨水pH值等7项因子对试验模拟性和加速性的影响规律,得出优化的试验控制参数：人造雨水成分为0.05%NaNO3+0.8%Na2S2O8+4%NaCl,pH为4;单循环时间30 min;单循环中干燥时间2 min;单循环中降雨时间30 s;保湿阶段相对湿度70%.      

户外大气加速腐蚀试验机的研制

研制了大气加速腐蚀试验机,经过户外大气加速腐蚀试验和自然暴露腐蚀试验,两种试验Q235钢的腐蚀规律相同,并具有相同的腐蚀产物。Q235钢经过加速腐蚀试验,其腐蚀失重明显大于自然暴露腐蚀试验,使用大气加速腐蚀试验机进行材料腐蚀试验,具有加速性和可行性。     

航空铝合金大气腐蚀加速试验研究

对模拟航空铝合金大气腐蚀的周期浸润腐蚀试验和综合环境试验进行了研究.采用电化学和材料研究技术对户内外试验进行了比较.结果表明：综合环境试验较好地模拟了大气腐蚀过程中材料表面干/湿循环和电化学特点,同时也较好地模拟了铝合金的宏观形貌和微观形貌;加速试验的腐蚀产物主要以非晶态物质的形式存在,也较好地模拟了户外暴露试验的动力学特征.对户内试验的加速性进行了讨论.     

高温高湿环境轨道交通用铝合金涂层室外与室内腐蚀老化的相关性研究

研究了轨道交通用铝合金防护涂层在典型高温高湿地区(广州)的自然环境腐蚀老化和室内加速腐蚀老化的相关性。室内加速腐蚀老化采用氙灯老化+湿热实验+盐雾实验组合方法。考察了两种条件下实验过程中涂层的光泽、色差和红外光谱变化。室内加速腐蚀老化6个周期与自然环境腐蚀老化2 a的结果表明,依据色差判断室外和室内腐蚀老化的相关性最佳,光泽次之,红外光谱无明显相关性。根据色差的结果可以得出如下规律,室内腐蚀老化3个周期后,采用广州地区环境谱进行室内加速老化实验1个周期色差值变化相当于在广州地区自然环境曝露实验10个月左右。     

304不锈钢在热带海洋大气下暴露实验和加速腐蚀实验研究

根据304不锈钢材料在西沙地区典型的热带海洋大气腐蚀的特点,在当量计算的基础上,发展了一种模拟西沙室外大气环境的室内加速腐蚀方法,并从腐蚀动力学特征、腐蚀机理、腐蚀产物等几个方面探讨了304不锈钢材料在我国典型热带海洋地区大气暴露实验结果和室内加速腐蚀实验结果的相关性。研究结果表明,紫外/周期浸润复合加速腐蚀实验在一定程度上能较好地模拟304不锈钢材料在西沙海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为,通过加速腐蚀实验可以对304不锈钢材料在该地区的大气腐蚀行为进行一定程度的预测。     

海水全浸室内模拟加速试验方法的研究

在3.5%NaCl溶液中添加不同去极化剂对低合金钢进行了15 d的加速腐蚀试验,采用电化学测量、激光拉曼光谱分析和电位、pH值检测等手段,分别从加速腐蚀试验的模拟性、加速性和重现性三方面评价加速腐蚀试验方法的可靠性.结果发现:含H2O2体系与天然海水体系中低合金钢腐蚀形貌相似、锈层组成相同,其腐蚀机理也相似,这表明H2O2适合作为加速低合金钢腐蚀的去极化剂.     

大气腐蚀电化学监测

<正> 大气腐蚀通常是电化学性质的腐蚀,因此研制有效的电化学监测装置,监测各种大气腐蚀环境的相对腐蚀速率是相当有意义的。 文中介绍了大气腐蚀监测电池的性能及专用电化学监测仪和工作方法。讨论了采用该装置所测得的北京大气环境的腐蚀速率与大气环境因素的关系。结果表明,监测电池的腐蚀电流是大气相对湿度、气温、空气成份等环境因素的相关函数,并得出北京大气环境的腐蚀速率与大气相对湿度的回归方程。用该法测得的周期浸润、盐雾、全浸等几种室内加速腐蚀试验方法的腐蚀电流-时间曲线,可直观地看出腐蚀条件对腐蚀速率的影响,并能比较它们的加速性。结果表明这种监测技术不仅可以揭示大气腐蚀的电化学现象及其反应速率,而且有可能建立腐蚀环境因素与腐蚀速率之间的定量关系,以及研究大气腐蚀与室内加速腐蚀之间的关系。     

430不锈钢室内加速腐蚀与大气暴露的相关性研究

目的研究室内腐蚀膏试验对430不锈钢的加速性,以及腐蚀膏试验与大气暴露腐蚀试验的相关性。方法采用室内腐蚀膏腐蚀试验对材料进行腐蚀,研究其腐蚀过程的电化学特性和机理,腐蚀产物形貌、组成和结构,以及腐蚀过程的动力学规律,并与材料大气环境暴露试验的结果对比,探讨腐蚀膏试验与大气暴露试验的相关性。最后计算出室内腐蚀膏试验对430不锈钢的加速性。结果 430不锈钢在腐蚀膏腐蚀试验中,腐蚀失重与时间方程为P=0.3998t1.0391,呈幂指数关系,在腐蚀初期腐蚀速度最大。腐蚀机理主要是点蚀。由于腐蚀膏中的Cl-对钝化膜的穿透作用,使得钝化膜在一定点能够维持高的电流密度,并使阳离子杂乱移动而活跃起来,当膜-溶液界面电场达到临界值,点蚀发生。腐蚀表面存在点蚀坑,且随着腐蚀时间的增加,点蚀区域增加,相邻点蚀相互连接,形成腐蚀面。腐蚀面可见红色锈斑,对腐蚀产物进行XPS分析,其主要成分为Fe OOH和Fe3O4。430不锈钢在大气环境的腐蚀过程中,其腐蚀机理也是点蚀,腐蚀失重与时间也呈幂指数关系,腐蚀产物和形貌结构与室内腐蚀膏试验相同。结论腐蚀膏试验对430不锈钢腐蚀具有加速性,且与其大气暴露试验具有相关性,可以作为模拟430不锈钢大气腐蚀的一种加速试验。     

Cu对低合金高强耐候钢耐蚀性的影响

采用周期浸润加速腐蚀实验，模拟实际大气腐蚀环境，研究了Cu含量对含cr低合金高强耐候钢耐蚀性的影响规律．利用扫描电镜（SEM）和x射线衍射仪（XRD）等手段检定腐蚀的深度、腐蚀产物膜中元素分布及其相组成．结果表明，当Cu含量较低时，锈层容易从表面剥离，使侵蚀性溶液渗入，钢的失重速率增高；随着Cu含量的增加，锈蚀的深度明...     

基于图像处理技术的钢箱梁防腐涂层寿命预测实验研究

对表面电弧喷涂铝外加环氧封闭漆防腐涂层钢板试样进行室内加速腐蚀实验。通过扫描仪采集不同实验周期防腐涂层腐蚀形貌图像,观测腐蚀发展过程。采用基于二值化图像的图像处理技术提取腐蚀形貌图像特征参数,作为腐蚀寿命预测参数,并结合特征参数评定涂层腐蚀损伤程度。结果表明,基于二值化图像的图像处理技术可以实现防腐涂层腐蚀面积定量化分析,为防腐涂层腐蚀等级评定和腐蚀损伤规律表征提供了新的思路。封闭漆防腐涂层经过598 h的室内加速腐蚀实验,起泡面积率达到5%,该涂层失效。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.