一种利用窄波束成形提高短波信道相干带宽的方法

短波通信信道具有频率选择衰落特性,相干带宽是描述单载波系统平坦衰落信道带宽的重要参数。提高相干带宽有利于系统使用更大的带宽来实现高数据速率传输并且有助于减少接收机的复杂度。该文提出一种利用发射端窄波束成形在空间上将发射能量集中于主路径且抑制其它路径信号来提高短波信道相干带宽的方法,并利用自适应技术来建立及保持点对点之间的窄波束通信。理论研究表明,该方法能有效地提高信道相干带宽。该文以中距离短波通信为例,计算了使用不同发射天线数时的相干带宽值,计算结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

宽带CDMA中一种新的自适应信道估计方法

在衰落信道中进行相干解调必须知道瞬时的信道参数，但由于信道是时变的，所以信道估计器的频率响应和带宽应该是由衰落信道的统计特性和系统的信干比决定。利用瞬时信道估计的自相关函数，本文提出了信道估计的一种新的自适应算法。在平坦瑞利信道中的计算机仿真表明本方法在3G标准支持的所有多普勒频率范围内都能获得良好的均方误差性能。     

移动通信中无线信道特性的研究

从等效低通信道的时变冲激响应的相关函数和功率密度谱函数出发,研究了一些描述广义平稳非相关散射(WSSUS)的无线信道特性的统计参数,并对无线移动衰落信道的特性进行分类。分析了3种常见的小尺度多径衰落信道的统计模型,给出了在平坦衰落信道中系统传输比特误码率的一般分析方法。最后,利用这些模型和方法,给出了一些常见数字调制信号的传输误码率的数值结果。结果表明：衰落对无线移动通信系统传输性能的影响是很大的,在实际中应设法消除它。     

ITS宽带短波信道及其噪声的建模和仿真

文章介绍了宽带短波（WBHF）信道研究的发展历程,根据ITS信道建模的方法,在对信道衰落特征及其噪声干扰统计特性进行分析的基础上建立了适当模型,并设定了特定环境下信道衰落模型及其噪声模型的相关参数。最后通过计算机仿真与实测数据加以比较,从散射函数能量分布、噪声时／频域电平以及噪声电平交叉率（LCR）方面验证了信道模型的合理性。     

基于谐波叠加的短波信道模拟器设计

在基于Watterson模型的短波信道模拟器设计中,常采用滤波法实现短波信道的多普勒扩展和衰落,其运算复杂度较高。给出一种新的短波信道模拟器实现方法,采用谐波叠加法设计抽头增益函数,模拟短波信道的多普勒扩展和衰落,有效降低了运算复杂度。最后,采用单音信号对信道模拟器多径？多普勒扩展和多普勒频移等性能进行了仿真,仿真结果证明了用谐波叠加法设计短波信道模拟器的有效性。     

短波信道模拟的计算机仿真

在通信系统的仿真中,信道模拟器对真实信道的逼近程度,直接影响到通信系统仿真所得性能参数的有效性。因而,开发性能良好的短波信道模拟器是十分必要的。详细叙述了短波电离层信道Watterson模型的原理,根据军标所给短波信道参数,提出了具体的短波信道模拟器实现方案,并给出了计算机仿真结果,较好地模拟了短波信道的时间选择性衰落特性和频率选择性衰落特性。     

一种基于短波和散射通信的自组网新方案

结合地空导弹网络化作战对于通信网络的需求,分析了无线自组网在其中的应用.针对短波通信带宽小、时延大以及信道不稳定的缺点,将对流层散射通信引入到短波自组网中,设计了多信道的无线自组网.控制信道采用短波,数据业务信道采用散射通信,可以满足组网的灵活性和实时的业务传输.最后对短波控制网络在OPNET中进行设计和仿真,分析了不同路由协议的性能.所做工作可为地空导弹网络化作战的通信网络的构建提供参考.     

短波低速率数据传输研究

以第三代短波通信网络标准中的低速数据传输规程为基础,设计了一种低信噪比且存在多径衰落的信道中数据传输的调制解调方案.方案中利用相关搜索、FFT捕获的方法捕获信号,利用滑动相关完成位同步和信道估计,利用RAKE接收机抗多径衰落,并用DSP实现了数据的低误码率传输.     

短波信道盲均衡技术研究

针对短波无线信道的衰落特性严重影响信号接收的问题,在分析研究短波信道特性的基础上,通过研究现有各种盲均衡算法的特点,合理设计均衡器的结构和参数,提出了适用于短波信道的盲均衡改进算法。理论分析和仿真试验均表明,盲均衡算法较好地改善了信道环境,提高了解调性能,具有不占用信道带宽的特点,易于工程实现。     

短波信道衰落特性试验研究与仿真

利用电离层斜向探测系统对中低纬地区一条地面距离约1 000 km的电路进行了连续的试验探测,依据探测数据对不同电离层条件下各个传播模式信号的衰落特性进行了瞬时变化特性描述和统计分析,并从Vogler模型出发,结合实测分析结果对短波信道进行建模,文中称为广义Vo-gler模型。通过模型输出散射函数与实测散射函数的对比证实,广义Vogler模型能较准确地描述短波时变信道的特性。     

Estimating frequency correlation functions from propagation measurements on fading radio channels: a critical review

A significant number of propagation and channel modeling papers have reported channel parameters like RMS delay spread, correlation bandwidth, and the Rician K factor, derived by various new methods from instantaneous, or snapshot measurements. This conflicts with the original definitions of these parameters, which formally should be derived from time averages, under an assumption of ergodicity and applied for the assessment of time-averaged link performance. It appears that the origins of fading channel characterization parameters, and the conditions under which they can be estimated and applied are now often ignored, leaving interpretation of new results subject to skepticism. This paper, therefore, provides a critical review of the estimation of frequency correlation and one of these parameters, correlation bandwidth, using channel impulse response estimates derived from propagation measurements. The practical application for knowledge of frequency correlation is summarized. Then, the derivation of the equation relating a channel's average power delay profile to its frequency correlation function via a Fourier transform is reviewed, with emphasis on conditions needed for validity. An alternate method, free from most of these conditions is also reported. Examples are given and comparisons are made of results from analyses using the two methods to estimate frequency correlation on Rayleigh and Rician mobile radio channels, which are shown to have significantly different frequency correlation characteristics. Finally, a measure of frequency correlation that is free from ambiguity concerning the value (e.g., 0.5, 0.75, or 1/e) at the correlation band edges is recommended.     

基于二次差分概率的无线信道估计方法

5G具有高速率和大带宽的特性,使得无线信号在时域和频域的衰落更加明显.随着差分值统计步长和空间采样间隔的增大,采用差分概率信道估计方法已无法跟踪深衰落区域,且峰值区域跟踪过度.针对以上问题提出一种二次差分概率的信道估计方法.该方法首先找到衰落曲线的谷值点和峰值点,然后通过二次差分概率对深衰落区域和峰值区域的估计差分值进行改善,最后利用差分运算得到估计增益.仿真实验结果表明,此方法有效地提高了整体的跟踪性能,并降低了跟踪误差.     

Cramer-Rao bounds in the parametric estimation of fadingradiotransmission channels

The context of this paper is parameter estimation for linearly modulated digital data signals observed on a frequency-flat time-selective fading channel affected by additive white Gaussian noise. The aim is the derivation of Cramer-Rao lower bounds for the joint estimation of all those channel parameters that impact signal detection, namely, carrier phase, carrier frequency offset (Doppler shift), frequency rate of change (Doppler rate), signal amplitude, fading power, and Gaussian noise power. Time-selective frequency-flat fading is modeled as a low-pass autoregressive multiplicative distortion process. In particular, the important case of “slow” fading, with the multiplicative process remaining constant over the whole data burst, is specifically discussed. Asymptotic expressions of the bounds, valid for a large observed sample or for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), are also derived in closed form. A few charts with numerical results are finally reported to highlight the dependence of the bounds on channel status (SNR, fading bandwidth, etc.)     

基于基扩展模型的UKF-RTSS高可靠鲁棒V2V信道估计

车联网应用场景对无线通信在带宽、时延、可靠性方面提出了更高的需求,特别是车辆对车辆(Vehicle to Vehicle, V2V)场景。针对V2V高速移动场景,时/频域选择性衰落(双选衰落)和非平稳特性给信道估计带来的技术挑战,该文提出了一种基于基扩展模型(Basis Expansion Model, BEM)的UKF-RTSS (Unscented Kalman Filter- Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother)信道估计方法。该方法采用BEM拟合快时变信道,将信道参数的估计转化为基函数系数的估计;通过无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF),联合估计数据处信道冲激响应与时域自相关系数,用于追踪快时变的信道响应。为了进一步提升信道估计的精度,引入RTSS对后向信道状态信息进行信道估计和插值,与UKF构成了“滤波和平滑”结构的UKF-RTSS联合估计器。系统仿真分析表明,在不同速度的快时变条件下,所提方法相比其他经典方法具有更高的信道估计精度和鲁棒性,特别适用于车联网下的无线通信场景。     

一种OFDM系统同步参数盲估计方法

首先提出一种扩大周期平稳信号循环周期的方法，然后在此基础上提出一种基于信号周期平稳特性的盲同步参数快速估计算法，最后通过分析算法获得一种可以估计非整数倍样点周期时延和扩大频偏估计范围的方法，从而实现整个OFDM基带带宽范围内的频偏估计。理论分析和仿真结果表明，该算法仅用很少的OFDM符号就可以实现同步参数的估计、有好的抗噪特性、衰落信道适应性和高的估计精度。     

A space-time correlation model for multielement antenna systems inmobile fading channels

Analysis and design of multielement antenna systems in mobile fading channels require a model for the space-time cross correlation among the links of the underlying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. In this paper, we propose a general space-time cross-correlation function for mobile frequency nonselective Rice fading MIMO channels, in which various parameters of interest such as the angle spreads at the base station and the user, the distance between the base station and the user, mean directions of the signal arrivals, array configurations, and Doppler spread are all taken into account. The new space-time cross-correlation function includes all the relevant parameters of the MIMO fading channel in a clean compact form, suitable for both mathematical analysis and numerical calculations/simulations. It also covers many known correlation models as special cases. We demonstrate the utility of the new space-time correlation model by clarifying the limitations of a widely accepted correlation model for MIMO fading channels. As another application, we quantify the impact of nonisotropic scattering around the user, on the capacity of a MIMO fading channel     

一种基于OFDM信号周期平稳特性的系统时延和频偏的盲估计算法

该文首先提出一种基于信号周期平稳特性的OFDM系统时延和频偏的盲估计算法,然后分析算法,获得一种可以估计非整数倍样点周期的时延和扩大频偏估计范围,实现整个OFDM系统带宽范围内的频偏估计的方法,并指出本算法可以在信道未知的情况下获得好的估计性能,最后给出相应的仿真结果。理论分析和仿真结果表明,本算法有很好的抗噪特性、强的变化信道适应性,与同类方法比较,具有更高的估计精度、估计非整数倍样点周期时延和扩大频偏估计范围的能力。     

Measured Characteristics of 800/900 MHz Fading Radio Channels with High Angle Propagation Through Moderately Dense Foliage

The probability of error for the transmission of digital information on fading radio channels is influenced by the statistical behavior of fading. This is characterized by the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the received signal envelope, and the correlation of random variations across the channel bandwidth. It is therefore important for system design purposes to determine the distribution function for envelope fading, and the frequency correlation characteristics of radio channels in propagation environments where the use of digital radio systems is planned. This paper details experiments that were conducted under conditions similar to those which would be typical on 800/900 MHz band satellite-mobile channels in rural environments. The impulse response functions of measured channels were estimated by operating a pseudonoise channel probe from a 65 m tower through deciduous trees to a receiver at close range. Measurement results include: channel impulse response estimates, envelope fading statistics, and double-sided frequency correlation plots. Comparisons are made between channel characteristics during the summer and during the autumn after the leaves have fallen from the trees. Estimates of digital channel capacity limitations are also given. Aside from the fading statistics, these channel characteristics have not previously been reported.