镧对水稻磷吸收及其形态的影响

用分根营养液培养法研究了镧对水稻生长, 根、茎、籽粒磷含量, 磷吸收及体内磷形态的影响. 结果表明低浓度镧(0.05～1.5 mg·L-1)提高水稻产量;高浓度镧 (9 mg·L-1～30 mg·L-1) 降低水稻产量. 当镧浓度为0.05～0.75 mg·L-1时, La对水稻茎杆和根干重没有显著促进作用. 在La浓度为6～30 mg·L-1时, 水稻根重显著降低. 镧显著增加根中磷的含量, 降低茎和籽粒中磷的含量, 显著增加根对磷的吸收. 低浓度镧 (0.05～3 mg·L-1) 促进籽粒磷吸收, 而高浓度镧 (6～30 mg·L-1) 减少籽粒磷吸收. 镧显著增加茎和根中络合态磷(EDTA-P)和无机态磷(inorganic-P)含量, 且根中络合态磷和无机态磷的增加占根中总磷增加的80%以上. 当镧浓度为0.05～0.75 mg·L-1, La增加根中核磷(nucleic-P)含量, 而当镧浓度为30 mg·L-1, La降低根中核磷和酯磷(ester-P)含量; La增加根和茎中残渣态磷(residue-P)含量. 文中还讨论了磷的形态与作物磷吸收的关系.     

一氧化氮对水稻叶片中由镧引起的氧化胁迫的缓解作用

研究了一氧化氮(NO)对水稻中由稀土元素镧诱导的抗氧化活性的影响. 结果表明, 在100 μmol·L-1 氯化镧处理的水稻幼苗中加入10 μmol·L-1 NO供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside, SNP), 可以显著抑制镧从水稻根部向叶片的转运. 镧处理显著降低超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione, GSH)含量, 促进叶片过氧化氢(H2O2)含量上升. 而NO则可明显阻断镧引起的这些效应, 缓解镧引起的氧化胁迫, 即NO缓解了高浓度镧对水稻的毒性.     

硝酸镧对长柄扁桃试管苗生根的影响

通过极差分析研究了不同浓度的硝酸镧和生长素组合对长柄扁桃试管苗生根的影响。结果表明:对长柄扁桃生根影响的主次因素为硝酸镧(La(NO3)3)>吲哚丁酸(IBA)>吲哚乙酸(IAA),最优组合为La(NO3)320 mg·L-1+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1+IAA 0.2 mg·L-1。在此条件下培养42 d后,长柄扁桃试管苗根的诱导频率达到89%,平均根长达到9.2 cm,每株根的平均个数为9.7个。对长柄扁桃的根组织活力进行测定,结果表明添加镧的处理组根系还原力是对照(不加镧)组的1.57倍。经过移栽驯化2个月后,长柄扁桃组培苗的移栽成活率达到94%,株高是对照的1.53倍。     

镧缓解镍对水鳖叶片的毒害效应研究

以水鳖叶片为实验材料,研究了重金属Ni毒害下La的缓解效应。La能缓解重金属Ni胁迫导致的水鳖(HydrocharisdubiaBL Backer)叶片叶绿素含量的降低,细胞膜透性(relativemembranepenetrability)的增加和丙二醛(MDA)的积累。加入10mg·L-1La后与同浓度的单一Ni处理相比,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有不同程度的增强,过氧化物酶(POD)活性有所减弱,表明它增强了对活性氧的清除能力,缓解了Ni对膜的伤害;可溶性蛋白含量则保持较高的水平,脯氨酸(proline)含量刚好相反,体现出La能增强水鳖对Ni胁迫的抗性,两组不同处理差异显著。而高浓度Ni处理,La则与Ni协同,从而加快细胞死亡进程。因此,La只能缓解一定浓度Ni对水鳖的毒害(Ni<10mg·L-1),而对高浓度Ni缓解效应不明显甚至加剧毒害作用。     

镧对水培菜豆和玉米幼苗镉胁迫的缓解作用

以菜豆(Phaseolusvulgaris)、玉米(Zeamays)两种生活型植物幼苗为实验材料,以水培方法研究了镧对镉抑制两种作物生长与代谢的影响。结果表明,在30,300μmol·L-1镉剂量胁迫下,两种作物的生长受到严重抑制,主要表现为株高、主根长下降,叶面积锐减,叶、茎、根的鲜重、干重明显下降;生理生化特性的变化是叶绿素含量下降,质膜透性、MDA含量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均增加,且随镉处理时间的延长,伤害加重。叶面喷施10～20mg·L-1镧1次,对镉污染下的两种作物幼苗的生长与代谢有一定缓解效应,可减轻镉对幼苗的伤害程度。这与镧能提高两种作物植物叶绿素含量,降低细胞膜透性和MDA含量,维持过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性等多重作用相关。     

镧的植物防病效果及其生物学效应

通过灭菌土接种Rhizoctonia solani以及混合接菌Rhizoctonia solani和Fusarium solani进行盆栽试验,分别研究了镧浸种处理对高羊茅及板蓝根出苗、生长发育的影响。结果表明,镧浸种能明显地减少病原菌的侵染,对由其所造成的种腐、芽腐及根腐等有显著的防治效果,提高了板蓝根和高羊茅种子的出苗率。同时,镧浸种在适当的浓度范围内,还能显著地促进植物的生长发育,生物量明显增加。利用盆栽水稻试验研究了稀土镧对水稻纹枯菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的毒力,测定结果表明,镧喷施于水稻植株上对水稻纹枯病有明显的防治效果,且在活体条件下,喷施镧后1和7 d对水稻纹枯菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的有效中浓度分别为128.7和128.1 mg.L-1,均明显低于离体条件下的有效中浓度(171.9 mg.L-1)。     

木麻黄质膜离子泵在酸雨条件下对镧的响应

研究镧对酸雨(pH为4.5)胁迫下木麻黄幼苗早期生长和质膜离子泵ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明:较低浓度La3+浸种能使幼苗株高、根长、鲜重以及质膜质子泵活性明显增强,在200mg·L-1La3+处理时达到最高增强值,而高浓度的La3+浸种使之表现出抑制效应;幼苗质膜钙泵的活性受La3+抑制。质子泵活性与细胞的伸长生长呈显著正相关关系,镧对质子泵的活化作用有助于促进植物的生长,且适量的镧具有缓解酸雨胁迫下生长的植物细胞质酸化,维持细胞内环境稳定的间接作用。为抗酸雨和促生长,木麻黄经镧浸种8h的最适宜La3+浓度为50～200mg·L-1。     

化学计量学分光光度法同时测定钢铁中镧和铈

在pH 3．0的缓冲溶液中,镧(Ⅲ)、铈(Ⅲ)与偶氮胂-Ⅲ均发生高灵敏度的显色反应,生成稳定的配合物。其λmax均为657 nm,镧(Ⅲ)、铈(Ⅲ)含量在0～1．0 mg·L-1范围内符合比耳定律,两者吸收光谱严重重叠。采用偏最小二乘法和主成分分析法用于普碳钢、铸铁等试样中镧和铈的测定,合成试样分析结果的相对误差小于10％。     

离子色谱法同时分析中药丹参中碱金属和碱土金属

用离子色谱法同时分析中药丹参中碱金属和碱土金属 ,结果表明 ,丹参中常见离子Li+ 、Na+ 、NH+4、K+ 、Mg2 + 、Ca2 + 含量比例各有不同。各离子的检出限为 0 .0 1～ 0 .0 3mg·L-1,线性范围分别为 0 .1～ 10 .0mg·L-1(Li+ 、NH+4)和 0 .2～ 5 0 .0mg·L-1(Na+ 、K+ 、Mg2 + 、Ca2 + )     

铈(Ⅲ)对盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright)组培苗生根及生理生化效应的研究

以盾叶薯蓣茎段为外植体,在生根培养基中添加不同浓度的Ce3+,观察其对盾叶薯蓣组培苗生根和抗氧化酶系统及活性氧代谢水平的影响. 结果表明,0.5～20 mg·L-1的Ce3+对盾叶薯蓣组培苗生根有明显的促进作用,可显著提高外植体的生根率、单株发根数、根的鲜重等,5 mg·L-1的Ce3+显示出最强的促进效应,而高浓度的Ce3+呈抑制效应. 培养基中添加合适浓度的Ce3+对组培苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等有显著的调节作用,有效抑制·O2-的生成速率和丙二醛(MDA)的积累,显示出Ce3+对组培苗促进生根的效应与调节活性氧代谢水平的一致性.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.