扩张型心肌病患者双嘧达莫负荷心肌^201Tl SPECT显像分析

目的 观察扩张型心肌病患者的双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl SPECT显像表现.方法 2008年8月至2009年12月临床符合扩张型心肌病诊断标准的住院患者30例,按体质量0.56 mg/kg给予其双嘧达莫,于4 min内静脉注射,2 min后注射201Tl,注射完后10及240 min分别进行双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl SPECT显像,图像经三维重建后由2位以上有经验的核医学科医师进行分析.结果 27例（90.00%）患者的双嘧达莫负荷201Tl图像（10 min）显示左心室心肌放射性分布异常.延迟（240 min）显像时所有患者均出现左室心肌放射性分布异常,其中6例患者出现＂反向再分布＂.结论 双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl SPECT显像对指导扩张型心肌病的诊治具有一定的临床意义.     

心脏X综合征双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl SPECT显像分析

目的 观察心脏X综合征患者的双嘧达莫负荷心肌201TI SPECT显像特点,分析其表现机制.方法 选取临床符合心脏X综合征诊断标准的患者29例,按体质量0.56 mg/kg予双嘧达莫,于4 min内静脉注射,10及240 min后分别进行双嘧达莫负荷心肌201T1 SPECT显像,原始图像经三维重建后由2位以上有经验的核医学科医师进行分析.结果 所有29例患者的双嘧达莫负荷201T1图像(10 min)均显示左室心肌放射性分布正常.延迟(240 min)显像时有25例(86.2%)患者(共200个节段)出现部分心肌节段反向放射性分布稀疏或缺损,即"反向再分布",共累及34个节段:前壁6个(17.6%)、下壁10个(29.4%)、前间壁4个(11.8%)、心尖部11个(32.4%)、前侧壁3个(8.8%).后间壁、后侧壁和后壁无放射性分布异常;其余4例(13.8%)患者延迟显像则为放射性分布正常.结论 双嘧达莫负荷心肌201T1 SPECT显像的"反向再分布"现象对于心脏X综合征的诊断具有一定的临床意义.     

双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl SPECT显像诊断冠状动脉微循环障碍的价值

目的 探讨双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl SPECT显像在诊断冠状动脉微循环障碍中的价值.方法 选取临床符合心脏X综合征诊断标准的患者共48例,按患者体质量0.56mg/kg予双嘧达莫针剂静脉注射(4min),在心脏负荷达高峰后注入201Tl 111 MBq,10min及240min后分别进行心肌201Tl SPECT显像,原始图像经三维重建后由2位以上有经验的核医学科医师进行分析.对出现“反向再分布”现象的患者采用山莨菪碱(654-2)治疗2周后,再次进行双嘧达莫负荷心肌201TlSPECT显像,同时比较患者治疗前后临床症状和平板运动试验结果.结果 48例患者中有42例延迟(240min)显像时均显示部分心肌节段反向放射性分布稀疏或缺损,即“反向再分布”,检出阳性率为87.50％(42/48).在42例出现“反向再分布”现象的患者中,治疗后临床症状及平板运动试验结果均有改善的36例患者再次进行延迟(240min)显像时原受累的49个节段中有45个节段放射性分布有不同程度改善,检出阳性率达91.84％(45/49).两者有1项未改善或2项均未改善的6例患者延迟(240min)显像时原受累的7个节段放射性分布无改善.结论 双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl SPECT显像对诊断以心脏X综合征为代表的冠状动脉微循环障碍疾病有一定的价值.     

双嘧达莫负荷心肌^201Tl SPECT显像用于缺血型成人病毒性心肌炎的价值

目的观察根据心电图等临床疑诊为成人病毒性心肌炎心肌缺血型患者的双嘧达莫负荷心肌^201Tl SPECT显像的表现。方法选取根据排除法临床疑诊为病毒性心肌炎后遗症——心肌缺血型患者79例,年龄19～55岁。按体质量0．56mg／kg给予双嘧达莫,于4min内静脉注射,2min后注射^201Tl,注完后10及240min分别进行双嘧达莫负荷心肌^201Tl SPECT显像,原始图像经三维重建后由2位以上有经验的核医学科医师进行分析。不同性别组间显像结果比较行χ^2检验,经SAS8．1软件处理。结果在有ST—T改变的79例患者中,所有患者双嘧达莫负荷^201Tl图像（10min）均显示左心室心肌放射性分布正常,延迟（240min）显像时有34例（43．04％）患者（包括正常共272个节段）出现部分心肌节段反向放射性分布稀疏或缺损,即“反向再分布”,共累及36个节段：前壁9个（25．00％）、下壁11个（30．56％）、前间壁8个（22．22％）、前侧壁4个（11．11％）、心尖部4个（11．11％）;其中单个节段受累32例（94．12％）,2个节段受累2例（5．88％）。79例中其余45例（56．96％）患者延迟显像则为放射性分布正常。有70．83％（17／24）的男性和30．91％（17／55）的女性患者延迟显像出现“反向再分布”,不同性别间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=10．86,P〈0．01）。结论双嘧达莫负荷心肌^201Tl SPECT显像对指导缺血型心肌炎诊治有益,另外对有ST-T改变的女性患者诊断需慎重考虑。     

定量门控201Tl心肌显像对冠心病患者的预后价值

目的 研究定量门控201Tl心肌显像对冠心病患者预后评估及冠心病治疗方案选择的价值.方法 对84例患者进行静息和运动负荷201Tl门控心肌灌注SPECT显像,并随访(32.92±16.77)个月.对心肌灌注图像进行评分(1～4分),计算总负荷评分(SSS)、总静息评分(SRS)和总差值分(SDS=SRS-SSS)、负荷左室射血分数(EF)值和静息EF值.结果 随访中9例发生心脏事件,年发生率为3.90%.SSS、SDS、SRS以及EF值均是心脏事件的独立预测因素(P＜0.005).Cox比例风险回归分析示SSS是心脏事件的最强预测因素.根据患者的负荷后EF值、SDS等可将患者分为低危、中危和高危组.结论 应用定量门控201Tl心肌显像可以对冠心病患者进行正确的预后评估,并可指导选择治疗方案.SSS是心脏事件的最强预测因素.     

双嘧达莫负荷^201Tl心肌灌注显像及肺/心比值测定在心肌缺血诊断中的价值

目的:探讨双嘧达莫负荷201Tl心肌灌注显像结合肺/心比值(LHR)测定技术在评价冠脉造影阴性心绞痛患者心肌缺血中的诊断价值.材料和方法:46例有典型心绞痛症状、同期冠状动脉造影检查均未发现异常的患者,和25例正常者接受双嘧达莫负荷试验下早期与延迟相201Tl心肌灌注显像,进行心肌节段缺血计分并测定LHR值.患者同期接受心电图超声心动图检查以供对照.结果:46例心绞痛患者心肌缺血指数均呈异常,提示存在心肌缺血,25例正常者心肌灌注显像均正常;两组LHR值间存在显著差异(P＜0.01).心肌缺血定位(前、侧、间、后下壁)、单或多节段缺血、左室心肌肥厚与否对LHR值无影响(P＞0.05);高血压组与无高血压组在LHR值上存在显著差异(P＜0.01).结论:双嘧达莫负荷试验下201T1心肌灌注显像结合LHR测定,兼具灌注显像的定性、定位优势和LHR测定对血流动力学、左室功能的定量优势,在冠脉造影阴性的心肌缺血评价中具有重要临床价值.     

提高负荷-再分布201Tl心肌显像结果可比性的方法探讨

目的 以负荷显像参数为比较基础,通过理论推算,探讨缩小再分布显像总计数与负荷者差异的方法,从而提高负荷-再分布201Tl心肌显像诊断结果的可比性.方法 应用相同参数分别在6 min内和(200.61±13.64)min,对54例患者行负荷-再分布心肌显像,比较二者的总计数、平均每帧计数、计数率和相同层面心肌图像最大计数的差异及其平均值和平均百分比;计算要达到负荷时的总计数,再分布显像数据采集平均每帧需要增加的时间.采用SPSS13.0统计软件对数据作t检验分析.结果 再分布显像的总计数、平均每帧计数、计数率和相同层面心肌图像最大计数比负荷者平均分别下降了(25.29±0.05)%、(28.44±0.09)%、(25.29±0.05)%和(33.48±0.05)%(t=34.56、23.33、34.56和27.61,P值均为0.000),差异有统计学意义;要达到或接近负荷显像时的总计数,再分布显像数据采集时间平均每帧需增加(13.80±3.68)s,平均增加幅度为(34.49±0.09)%(t=27.56,P=0.000).结论 理论上,适当增加再分布显像数据采集时间,可以增加负荷-再分布201Tl心肌显像结果的可比性.     

腺苷和运动试验201Tl心肌灌注显像诊断女性冠心病价值比较

目的 对比腺苷试验和运动试验201Tl心肌灌注显像诊断女性冠心病的价值.方法 采用随机对照研究,观察138例女性冠心病疑似病例,按随机数字表法将其分为腺苷试验组和运动试验组,每组69例,分别进行201Tl心肌灌注显像,并在1周内行冠状动脉造影检查.负荷心肌灌注显像按心肌缺血严重程度与缺血范围分析,冠状动脉造影按主要血管狭窄程度(>50%为冠心病)分析.以冠状动脉造影结果 为"金标准",比较腺苷和运动试验对女性冠心病的诊断灵敏度、准确性、阴性预测值和假阳性率.2组间比较采用χ2检验或确切概率法.结果 腺苷试验方法 对女性冠心病诊断的灵敏度、阴性预测值、准确性分别为88.2%(45/51)、72.7%(16/22)和88.4%(61/69);运动试验组分别为91.7%(44/48)、66.7%(8/12)和81.2%(52/64),二者间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.571,0.714,0.249,P>0.05).腺苷试验组假阳性率低于运动试验组[11.1%(2/18)与50.0%(8/16),P=0.023].结论 对于女性冠心病患者,腺苷试验心肌灌注显像与运动试验心肌灌注显像同样有效,且腺苷试验的诊断假阳性率低.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of adenosine and exercise stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for detecting coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients with CHD were randomly divided into two groups: adenosine stress group (n = 69)and exercise stress group (n = 69). All patients underwent myocardial SPECT evaluation. Coronary angiography (CAG), referred as "gold standard" , was performed in each patient within 1 week before or after MPI. The diagnostic value of the two stress MPI was compared with χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. Results In adenosine stress group, the sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy were 88.2% (45/51),72.7% (16/22), 88.4% (61/69), respectively, which were not significantly different from those of the exercise stress group (91.7% (44/48), 66.7% (8/12), 81.2% (52/64); χ2 =0. 571, 0. 714, 0.249, P >0.05). However, the false positive rate of adenosine stress (11.1%, 2/18) was significantly lower than that of exercise stress (50.0%, 8/16), P = 0.023. Conclusions Adenosine and exercise stress MPI have similar value for CHD diagnosis in women, however, adenosine stress MPI may have an advantage of low false positive rate.     

99 Tcm-MIBI和201Tl SPECT显像对肺癌远处转移的预测价值

目的分析有无远处转移肺癌原发灶摄取和清除99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)和201Tl的差异,探讨99Tcm-MIBI和201Tl SPECT对肺癌远处转移的预测价值.方法 86例未经手术、化疗或放疗的肺癌患者行99Tcm-MIBI和201Tl双核素双时相肺断层显像(早期相,注射后10 min;延迟相,注射后4 h),利用感兴趣区(ROI)技术,分别计算MIBI和201Tl早期及延迟靶/本比值(T/N)、洗脱率,洗脱率=[(早期T/N-延迟T/N)/(早期T/N)]×100%.根据超声、放射学影像和骨显像等检查结果,将患者分为远处转移组(39例)和无远处转移组(47例)2组,采用SPSS 10.0统计软件进行统计分析.结果远处转移组,MIBI早期、延迟T/N和MIBI洗脱率分别为3.02±2.76、2.19±1.09和(14±29)%,无远处转移组分别为1.98±0.9、2.17±1.16和(-14±42)%,远处转移组MIBI早期T/N和MIBI洗脱率均明显高于无远处转移组(P<0.02和P<0.001),两组间MIBI延迟T/N差异无显著性.远处转移组201Tl早期T/N、201Tl延迟T/N、201Tl洗脱率分别为1.87±0.79、2.21±0.86、(-22±33)%,无远处转移组分别为1.76±0.73、2.06±0.85、(-21±37)%,两组间差异无显著性.结论肺癌原发灶对99Tcm-MIBI早期的高摄取和延迟的高洗脱率对肺癌的远处转移有预测价值.     

原发性扩张型心肌病心肌灌注显像与心脏磁共振延迟增强成像的对比研究

目的对原发性扩张型心肌病（IDCM）患者进行静息MPI和心脏磁共振延迟增强成像（DE—MRI）的对比分析,探讨2种诊断方法不同图像特征之间的对应关系。方法40例确诊为IDCM的住院患者,均行99Tcm-MIBI静息MPI和DE-MRI,间隔不超过7d。静息心肌灌注图像分为2种特征：弥漫性放射性减低和节段性放射性减低或缺损;DE—MRI分为4种类型：（1）无延迟强化;（2）壁间延迟强化;（3）内膜下延迟强化;（4）透壁性延迟强化。两样本率的比较采用,检验。结果在40例患者的静息MPI中,心肌放射性分布呈弥漫性减低19例（47．5％）,呈节段性减低或缺损21例（52．5％）;两者DE-MRI延迟强化的发生率分别为26．3％（5／19）与85．7％（18／21）,差异有统计学意义（X2=14．401,P〈0．001）。对18例节段性放射性异常和延迟强化的患者按心肌节段分析,灌注正常、灌注减低与灌注缺失3组DE—MRI分型构成分别为112：35：2：5,98：23：7：1,13：0：5：5,其中正常组与缺失组、减低组与缺失组之间差异有统计学意义（,值为29．183与25．110,P均〈0．001）。结论IDCM患者MPI既可以表现为典型的弥漫性放射性减低,也可表现为节段性放射性减低或缺损,后者DE—MRI出现延迟强化的比例较高。     

99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/18F-FDG PET与心脏MRI评价特发性扩张型心肌病心肌损伤的对比研究

目的 比较99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/18F-FDG PET心肌灌注/代谢显像与心脏MRI延迟增强成像2种影像学方法评价特发性扩张型心肌病(IDCM)心肌损伤的特点.方法 对42例明确诊断为IDCM的连续患者[其中男29例,女13例,年龄(53±12)岁],行99Tcm-MIBI SPECT、18F-FDG心肌灌注/代谢显像和心脏MRI延迟成像,间隔时间为3～7d.利用17节段模型分别为各节段心肌灌注和代谢图像的放射性摄取评分,共分为4个等级:0=摄取正常,1=摄取轻度降低,2=摄取中度降低,3=摄取严重降低.根据心肌灌注/代谢匹配情况分为正常、不匹配、轻中度匹配、完全匹配4组;根据心脏MRI延迟成像结果分为无延迟强化、壁间强化、透壁强化3组,采用x2检验比较不同强化组间的灌注/代谢异常率差异和不同灌注/代谢匹配组间的延迟强化发生率.结果 全部42例患者中,18例心脏MRI延迟成像出现延迟强化,其中94.4％ (17/18)患者心肌灌注/代谢异常;而另外24例心脏MRI延迟成像无延迟强化患者中,仅有33.3％ (8/24)患者心肌灌注/代谢异常(x2=15.944,P＜0.001).心肌节段分析中,无延迟强化、壁间强化、透壁强化3组相应的心肌灌注/代谢情况有差异,灌注/代谢正常率分别为86.2％ (526/610)、71.0％ (44/62)和28.6％ (12/42)(x2=14.276,P＜0.001).灌注/代谢不匹配组中75.9％ (63/83)的心肌节段无延迟强化,而灌注/代谢完全匹配组透壁强化的发生率(44.4％,12/27)明显高于其他3组[正常组2.1％(12/582)、不匹配组18.1％(15/83)、轻中度匹配组13.6％(3/22),x2=112.530,P＜0.001].结论 心脏MRI延迟成像检测轻度纤维化更敏感,而心肌灌注/代谢显像能够检测更多受损但存活的心肌.结合2种影像学方法评价IDCM患者心肌损伤可以提供更加全面的信息.     

冠状动脉痉挛致心肌血流灌注降低:反向再分布的机制研究

Objective To investigate the mechanism of reverse redistribution (RR) on dipyridamole 201Tl myocardial perfusion studies in the patients with coronary artery spasm. Methods Twenty-six patients with coronary artery spasm and presented as RR on dipyridamole 201Tl myocardial perfusion studies were enlisted as RR group, while other 16 patients with no coronary artery stenosis nor RR were enlisted as control group. Dipyridamole test was repeated during coronary angiography. Corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (CTFC) and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) were measured at RR related and non-RR related coronary arteries before and after dipyridamole infusion respectively.All of the data were analyzed by Student's t-test orχ2-test and correlation analysis. Results Coronary artery angiography showed slower blood flow and lower myocardial perfusion in RR related vessels when compared with non-RR related vessels in RR group, but there was no significant difference among the main coronary arteries in control group. The perfusion defects of RR area at rest were positively related to slowerblood velocity at corresponding coronary arteries ( r = 0.79, t = 10.18, P ＜ 0.001 ). In RR related vessels,CTFC were (36 ±6) frames and (26 ±7) frames (t =4.15, P ＜0.01 ), while TMPG were (2.02 ±0.39)grades and (2.92 ± 0.12) grades ( t = 2.25, P ＜ 0.05 ) before and after dipyridamole infusion, respectively.In non-RR related vessels, CTFC were (29 ±7) frames and (25 ±5) frames (t =2.31, P ＜0.05), while TMPG were (2.56 ± 0.31 ) grades and (2.96 ± 0.06) grades ( t = 2.17, P ＜ 0.05 ) before and after dipyridamole infusion, respectively. However, there were no significant changes of CTFC and TMPG before and after dipyridamole infusion in control group ( t = 0.932, 0.867, respectively, both P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion RR is related to the decreased blood flow and myocardial perfusion induced by coronary artery spasm at rest,which may be improved by stress test such as intravenous dipyridamole infusion.     

Intra-patient reproducibility of myocardial SPECT imaging with 201Tl

Background  To define the physical and clinical reproducibility of ²⁰¹Tl myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS), this study assesses the variation between two repeated rest ²⁰¹Tl MPS with repositioning only, with a two-hour time interval and with phantom measurements as a reference. Methods  Three anthropomorphic thorax phantoms were filled with ²⁰¹Tl. For each phantom five repeated ²⁰¹Tl MPS were obtained. In addition, in 20 patients repeated ²⁰¹Tl rest-MPS and in 26 patients early and delayed ²⁰¹Tl rest-MPS were performed. Quantitative analysis was done using MunichHeart. Statistical methods were used to calculate variability. Visual analysis was performed by 2 independent observers. Results  The average variation between repeated phantom MPS was 0.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.4% to 1.4%). For patient scans this was −5.0% (95% CI: −2.5% to −7.5%) and between early and delayed ²⁰¹Tl MPS −15.5% (95% CI: −11.7% to −19.3%). Visual assessment revealed no clinical significant differences between rest ²⁰¹Tl and repeated or delayed ²⁰¹Tl MPS. Conclusions  Repositioning in phantom ²⁰¹Tl MPS does not cause significant variation. Repeated ²⁰¹Tl MPS in patients shows 5.0% decrease of ²⁰¹Tl in 30 minutes, which increases to 15% during a two-hour time interval without quantitative or visual regional differences. This decrease indicates a time-related washout of ²⁰¹Tl, but does not change clinical diagnosis.     

肥厚性心肌病患者201Tl和123I-MIBG心肌SPECT显像

目的：探讨肥厚性心肌病的肥厚心肌与非肥厚心肌交感神经活性。方法选择１８例肥厚性心肌病（ＨＣＭ）患和６例对照（Ｎ组）。根据超声心动图将ＨＣＭ组分为心尖部肥厚性心肌病（ＡＰＭ）５例，非对称性心室间隔肥厚性心肌病（ＡＳＨ）７例，弥漫性肥厚性心肌病（ＤＰＭ）６列。所有患均进行超声心动图（Ｍ型和Ｂ型）检查＾２０１Ｔｌ和＾１２３Ｉ－间碘苄胍（ＭＩＢＧ）显像。结果ＨＣＭ组＾１２３Ｉ－ＭＩＢＧ显像与Ｎ组相     

Combined study with FDG PET and Tl SPECT in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

This study aimed to determine whether combined examinations of myocardial 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) and stress-redistribution 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography (Tl SPECT) were useful in clarifying myocardial ischaemia and evaluating the prognosis in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). Twenty-two patients with IDCM underwent echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, FDG PET, and Tl SPECT. In scintigraphic analysis, the total defect score (TDS) was semiquantitatively determined as the sum of scores of the 17 left ventricular (LV) segments with a 5-point scale (0 as normal to 4 as absent). Patients were classified according to the scintigraphic findings as follows: eight patients with small defects on Tl and FDG (TDS < or = 20) (group I), eight patients with small defects on FDG (TDS < or = 20) with FDG uptake increased relative to Tl or 'mismatch' (group II), and six patients with large defects on FDG and Tl (TDS >20) (group III). Eleven patients (50%) showed reversible defects on Tl and all showed preserved FDG uptake. The patients in group III had significantly lower LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (P<0.05, respectively) and a poorer prognosis as shown by the Kaplan-Meier event-free curve compared with those in groups I and II (P<0.01, respectively). Although patients in group II had significantly greater TDS on Tl compared with those in group I (P<0.01), no significant differences in LVEF and prognosis were found between patients in groups I and II. In multivariate analysis, a TDS on FDG revealed an independent predictor of subsequent cardiac events. In conclusion, such mismatched areas can be assumed to consist of impaired but viable myocardium, and may be associated with ischaemia of the microvasculature. Impaired myocardial glucose metabolism is a more powerful predictor of future cardiac events than perfusion abnormality in patients with IDCM.