著作权集体管理条例

第一章总则第一条为了规范著作权集体管理活动,便于著作权人和与著作权有关的权利人(以下简称权利人)行使权利和使用者使用作品,根据《中华人民共和国著作权法》(以下简称著作权法)制定本条例。第二条本条例所称著作权集体管理,是指著作权集体管理组织经权利人授权,集中行使权利人的有关权利并以自己的名义进行的下列活动:(一)与使用者订立著作权或者与著作权有关的权利许可使用合同(以下简称许可使用合同);     

著作权集体管理条例 中华人民共和国国务院令第429号

第一章 总 则 第一条 为了规范著作权集体管理活动,便于著作权人和与著作权有关的权利人(以下简称权利人)行使权利和使用者使用作品,根据《中华人民共和国著作权法》(以下简称著作权法)制定本条例。 第二条 本条例所称著作权集体管理,是指著作权集体管理组织经权利人授权,集中行使权利人的有关权利并以自己的名义进行的下列活动: (一)与使用者订立著作权或者与著作权有关的权利许可使用合同(以下简称许可使用合同);     

网络授权使用与合理使用的冲突与竞合

在网络时代,著作权授权使用制度正在逐渐成为著作权利用的主要形式,权利人能够利用授权使用合同规避著作权法中合理使用的适用,这意味着传统著作权法建立起的利益平衡机制被打破。但授权使用制度在网络时代能够实现诸多传统著作权法无法实现的保护功能,而且促生了新的著作权交易模式。因此,应该肯定网络授权使用的合理性,同时重新建构与之相配的合理使用制度。     

软件著作权许可合同的合法性研究

以著作权许可合同禁止反向工程的实施和兼容软件的使用,已成为软件产业通行的商业策略。作为一种私人主导的权利配置方式,软件著作权许可合同虽然导致使用者承担了超出著作权法范围的义务,并引起了意定权利与法定权利的冲突,却有助于降低软件利用的交易成本,弥补著作权法对功能性作品保护的不足,并激励权利人选择能够发挥软件最大效用的商业模式。因而在竞争性市场条件下,应允许权利人以著作权许可合同实现私人造法,但在软件构成垄断且合同条款具有阻止其他软件进入市场的效果时,需引入反垄断法进行干预。     

著作权集体管理条例

中华人民共和国国务院令(第429号)《著作权集体管理条例》已经2004年12月22日国务院第74次常务会议通过,现予公布,自2005年3月1日起施行。总理温家宝2004年12月28日第一章总则第一条为了规范著作权集体管理活动,便于著作权人和与著作权有关的权利人(以下简称权利人)行使权利和使用者使用作品,根据《中华人民共和国著作权法》(以下简称著作权法)制定本条例。第二条本条例所称著作权集体管理,是指著作权集体管理组织经权利人授权,集中行使权利人的有关权利并以自己的名义进行的下列活动:(一)与使用者订立著作权或者与著作权有关的权利许可使用…     

著作权延伸性集体许可制度的移植与创制

我国《著作权法(修改草案)》中规定的延伸性集体许可制度引发了音乐作品著作权人的极大反弹。为了解决作品大量授权的问题,北欧各国创设了著作权延伸性集体许可制度,将其作为强制许可和法定许可等非自愿许可的制度替代品,这与北欧社会的特定环境密切相关。在我国著作权法规定了广泛的法定许可且集体管理组织不够完善的背景下,应放弃宽泛的延伸性集体许可规则,仅规定特定领域使用作品可适用延伸性集体许可制度。因此,立法者应该鼓励权利人和使用者之间的利益交换,以达成适用范围上的共识;同时,须明确著作权延伸性集体许可的权利限制属性,具体制度的构建应符合国际条约的基本精神。     

刑民衔接视域下信息网络传播行为侵权与入罪范围的教义学分析——以《刑法修正案（十一）》相关修改为背景

当前著作权法理论关于信息网络传播行为的认定标准之争本质上是权利配置之争。网络环境下著作权法律关系主体之间利益关系的错综复杂,决定了任何一种权利配置方案都难以避免“顾此失彼”的尴尬。应当放弃权利配置导向,对“向公众提供”采取平义解释,在较为宽泛的意义上界定信息网络传播行为,同时以利益平衡为导向限制信息网络传播行为构成侵权和犯罪的范围。判断某种交互式网络传播行为是否构成侵权或者犯罪的关键在于该行为是否经权利人许可。权利人明示许可和默示许可均可阻却侵权和犯罪的成立。默示许可的适用须基于两个前提：一是对权利人内心许可意思的推测有足够的依据,二是网络传播行为没有明显违背权利人的意愿或明显损害权利人的利益。     

著作权集体管理条例

第一章总则 第一条 为了规范著作权集体管理活动,便于著作权人和与著作权 有关的权利人(以下简称权利人)行使权利和使用者使用作品,根据《中 华人民共和国著作权法》(以下简称著作权法)制定本条例。 第二条本条例所称著作权集体管理,是指著作权集体管理组织经 权利人授权,集中行使权利人的有关权利并以自己的名义进行的下列活 动:     

网络时代著作权法与合同法的冲突与协调

当前的网络技术使信息利用突破了传统的著作权交易模式,为实现对信息性权利的保护,权利人开始运用许可合同来取代著作权法的功能。但是,"私人造法"的兴起并不意味着著作权法的消亡,著作权法在实现公共利益方面仍具有不可替代的作用。我们可以借鉴民法中任意性条款与强制性条款的划分,以是否涉及市场利益为标准,将著作权法中的权利限制条款分为"消除市场失灵"之限制条款与"促进基本自由"之限制条款,以此界定合同法与著作权法的效力位阶。从具体立法上看,可以从两个方面来回应网络时代的信息交易问题:一是构建交易平台;二是完善交易规则。     

法律解读

音像著作权保护工作中心成立11月29日,就卡拉OK征收版权费一事,中国唱片总公司、广州新时代影音公司等60多家音像单位在京召开权利人大会。授权当天成立的音像著作权保护工作中心维护其版权利益。该中心在中国音像集体管理协会成立以前将代表中国音像协会签约成员行使维护著作权的权利。根据《著作权法》第8条规定:“著作权人和与著作权有关的权利人可以授权著作权集体管理组织行使著作权或者与著作权有关的权利。著作权集体管理组织被授权后,可以以自己的名义为著作权人和与著作权有关的权利人主张权利,并可以作为当事人进行涉及著作权或…     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

论述二十世纪九十年代美国的犯罪问题

在20世纪90年代,犯罪已成为美国社会所面临的一个严峻的问题。集团、枪支、烈性酒、毒品是引发犯罪的重要因素。各类犯罪影响了美国社会的正常秩序,给受害者带来了物质和精神上的痛苦。研究20世纪90年代美国的犯罪问题可以为我国今天打击、预防犯罪提供一些借鉴。