四川跑马铅锌矿萤石稀土元素地球化学特征与指示意义

跑马铅锌矿是我国川滇黔地区碳酸盐岩容矿的后生铅锌矿床(MVT),矿区萤石与铅锌矿紧密伴生,是主要的脉石矿物。通过对矿区两类不同类型萤石和矿石与围岩的稀土元素地球化学系统研究表明:跑马铅锌矿区成矿流体来源于封存在地层中的海水,属富卤素的氧化型盆地流体。单一的原始成矿流体持续演化在跑马铅锌矿区先后形成紫色萤石、无色萤石与金属硫化物,对应成矿流体从氧化环境向还原环境演变。原始的氧化型成矿流体通过加热富炭质地层(水/岩反应),诱发TSR作用,可能是促使金属硫化物沉淀和流体氧化还原态转变的一个重要因素。     

贵州习水洞子沟铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素特征与成因

贵州习水县洞子沟铅锌矿床位于桑木场背斜核部,矿体呈层状、似层状、脉状产出于灯影组白云岩中,矿石矿物以闪锌矿为主,脉石矿物主要为重晶石、白云石。对单矿物的微量元素ICP-MS分析结果表明,该矿床闪锌矿相对富集Cu、Zn、Pb、Ba、Ga、Ag、Ge等元素,而Mn、Fe、Cd、In、Mo、Se、Tl等相对较贫,其Ga/In(118.83~968.33)、Ge/In(471.88~14079.40),Zn/Cd(196.94~246.27),Zn/Fe(24.67~384.95)比值相似于中低温铅锌矿床闪锌矿,暗示其形成于中低温环境。总体上,洞子沟铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素组成特征与喷流沉积型、岩浆热液型铅锌矿床区别明显,而与一些典型MVT型铅锌矿(如马元铅锌矿、大梁子铅锌矿、天桥铅锌矿等)类似,结合该矿床地质特征,本文认为洞子沟铅锌矿成因类型属于非典型的MVT类型。     

四川省甘洛县高丰铅锌矿床地质特征与成因分析

甘洛县高丰铅锌矿床为近年来扬子地块西南缘川滇黔交界区发现的大型铅锌矿床。矿床地质勘查表明,铅锌矿体主要赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩层间破碎带中,共圈定6条铅锌矿体,其中Ⅰ-1和Ⅱ-1等2条主矿体延伸长、厚度大、品位富,多呈层状、似层状、脉状、团块状、浸染状分布。矿床受区域性断裂、褶皱构造和层间破碎带的控制,同时具有"层控"和后成的特点。根据同位素年代学信息判断,矿床形成于三叠纪末—侏罗纪的造山期构造运动中;综合同位素地球化学和包裹体地球化学特征,铅锌矿形成于中低温、中等盐度、中浅成的地质环境中;铅锌矿为造山期地下热卤水萃取围岩中的成矿物质,形成含矿流体,并在层间破碎带等减压空间聚集、卸载成矿。研究表明,矿床为受中生代构造活动控制、具有"层控"特点的热液交代充填型铅锌矿床,可与密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床类比。     

新疆叶城县叉路口铅锌矿床地质特征及矿床成因讨论

新疆叶城叉路口铅锌矿是喀喇昆仑北麓的叶尔羌河上游的一处中型铅锌矿床。铅锌矿体产于神仙湾二叠-三叠纪边缘裂陷带的中-下二叠统神仙湾组上段中,矿体的围岩有碎裂状的粉砂质板岩、白云质大理岩、泥晶灰岩,以及构造角砾岩等,铅锌矿体受断裂及碎裂化岩石的控制,矿体主要呈层状、似层状或大透镜状,但也有小型脉状含矿石英脉穿切层理,矿石构造有条纹-条带状、块状构造、团块状、斑点状、浸染状构造,矿物组合显示简单硫化物组合特点,围岩蚀变主要有硅化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化,蚀变强度较弱。铅锌矿床特征既反映出沉积成矿的某些特点,也显示出后期热液成矿的许多特征,在综合对比区域铅锌矿成矿规律之后认为,叉路口铅锌矿的矿床成因为沉积-热液改造型铅锌矿床,属于复因-后成矿床范畴。     

云南西邑MVT型铅锌矿床地质特征与硫化物电子探针分析

云南保山西邑铅锌矿位于保山地块中北部,是实现隐伏铅锌矿找矿重大突破的典型矿床。矿体赋存于下石炭统香山组灰岩地层中,受NE向断裂及次级断裂构造控制,矿体与围岩界线清晰且受到一定地层层位控制;矿体形态变化较大,主要呈脉状、网脉状、透镜状、层状;金属矿物组合为闪锌矿、方铅矿±黄铁矿±毒砂。矿体主要为产于似层状含炭质褪色灰岩中的似层状铅锌矿体,以V3号矿体为代表,其Zn/Pb值平均为1.6,含较多的方铅矿,成矿温度相对较低;次为穿切岩层的破碎带型铅锌矿体,其Zn/Pb值平均为24.9,以铁闪锌矿为主,方铅矿少见,成矿温度相对较高。电子探针分析(EMPA)测定结果显示,西邑铅锌矿区闪锌矿中的Zn平均值为60.0%,S平均为32.9%,含Fe平均达6.2%(大于6%),为铁闪锌矿,是中-低温下析出的产物;方铅矿的Pb/S平均为1.01,接近理论值;黄铁矿的Fe平均为46.0%,S平均值为52.8%,S/Fe值为2.0,Co/Ni值平均为1.1,表现出热液成因黄铁矿的特点。这些数据表明,云南保山西邑铅锌矿具有MVT型矿床的特征。     

四川会东大梁子铅锌矿床成因新探

对大梁子铅锌矿床探矿因素和地球化学的研究认为，矿区内重要的容矿构造为“黑破带”，系由富含有机碳的成矿流体经改造叠加而发生黑色碳化的张性为裂破碎带。该矿床为大气降水及地层水溶滤基底岩系中的金属组分与疬层中海相硫酸盐的流体形成的混源后生矿床，深大断裂，基底断裂起导矿－控矿作用。     

四川宁南银厂沟-骑骡沟铅锌矿区构造地球化学特征及成矿预测

四川省宁南县银厂沟-骑骡沟铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘康滇地轴东侧的川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿(带)区内,区域上处于近南北向的小江断裂西侧、北西向的普格-宁南-巧家断裂北东侧,及北东向的会理-宁南-金阳断裂带南东侧。3条断裂两两交汇,形成有利构造岩浆热液活动的三角形构造结(钟康惠,2009年)。为研究     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗1017 高地银铅锌矿床成因浅析

[摘要]内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗是我国重要的金、银、铜、铅、锌、钨、钼多金属成矿区,在阿查哈德岩 体内及周围有大量的银、铅、锌矿体,大部分位于岩体的外接触带上。1017 高地矿区的银、铅、锌矿体均 位于岩体内部,通过在该区开展地质工作,对成矿环境及矿体特点进行分析,初步认为矿区内的二长花 岗岩为多金属矿体的形成提供了主要物质,岩体由于冷凝收缩而产生的原生节理为矿液的运移和储存 提供了通道和空间,层节理是主要容矿构造。岩体后期发生了褶皱,矿体遭受改造。对比12 号矿体与7 号矿体的空间位置,预测在2 号矿体的北西3km 处是一处成矿条件较好的位置。     

四川越西县约火山硫铁矿地质特征及矿床成因

四川越西县约火山硫铁矿,矿体呈层状、似层状赋存于震旦系灯影组一段(Z€d1)硅质白云岩夹硅质岩的层间破碎带中,矿体与围岩界线较为明显.成矿物质来源于火山碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩之间的古风化壳,在后期热液的交代过程中,矿物质富集并形成可供开发的工业矿体.该硫铁矿成因类型为热液充填交代型硫铁矿     

张家口梁家沟铅锌银多金属矿床同位素特征及矿床成因

张家口北部已发现的铅锌银多金属矿床在成因上多与浅成中酸性侵入岩关系密切。张家口南部中上元古界碳酸盐岩地层分布广泛,目前已在其中发现了梁家沟、火石沟、常庄子等多处铅锌银多金属矿床(点)。赋矿围岩以蓟县纪高于庄组、雾迷山组白云岩为主。与张家口北部已发现的多金属矿床相比,赋存于白云岩中的多金属矿床在矿区范围内浅成中酸性侵入岩体不发育。此外,在矿体形态、矿石组构、矿床地球化学等方面均与已发现的与浅成酸性岩体有关的多金属矿床存在较大差异。文章以梁家沟多金属矿床为例,在矿床和矿石宏观地质特征的基础上,结合矿石Pb、S、Rb、Sr等同位素测试结果,认为成矿物质来源以白云岩围岩和下覆地层为主,矿床的形成与区内大规模逆冲推覆构造有关,矿床成因属密西西比河谷型(MVT)矿床。     

四川荥经县羊儿窝铅锌矿床成矿规律分析

羊儿窝铅锌矿床产于花岗岩与白云岩的不整合面附近破碎带内,矿体呈透镜状、扁豆状、似层状;矿石类型为方铅矿、闪锌矿;铅锌的形成与断裂构造、热液活动、生物活动等有非常密切的关系,矿床成因为热卤水型铅锌矿床。     

Geology and Isotope Geochemistry of the Yinchanggou-Qiluogou Pb-Zn Deposit, Sichuan Province, Southwest China

The Yinchanggou-Qiluogou Pb-Zn deposit,located in the western Yangtze Block,southwest China,is hosted by the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation dolostone.Ore bodies occur in the Qiluogou anticline and the NS-and NNW-trending faults.Sulfide ores mainly consist of sphalerite,pyrite,galena and calcite,with subordinate dolomite and quartz.Seventeen ore bodies have been discovered to date and they have a combined 1.0 million tons of sulfide ores with average grades of 2.27wt%Zn and 6.89wt%Pb.The δD_(H2O-SMOW) and δ~(18)O_(H2O-SMOW) values of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite samples range from-68.9‰ to-48.7‰ and 7.3‰ to 15.9‰,respectively,suggesting that H_2O in the hydrothermal fluids sourced from metamorphic water.Calcite samples have δ~(13)C_(PDB) values ranging from-6.2‰ to-4.1‰ and δ~(18)O_(SMOW) values ranging from 15.1‰ to 17.4‰,indicating C and O in the hydrothermal fluids likely derived from a mixed source of metamorphic fluids and the host carbonates.The δ~(34)S_(CDT) values of sulfide minerals range from 5.5‰ to 20.3‰,suggesting that thermal chemical reduction of sulfate minerals in evaporates were the most probable source of S in the hydrothermal fluids.The ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb ratios of sulfide minerals fall in the range of 18.11 to 18.40,15.66 to 15.76 and 38.25 to 38.88,respectively.The Pb isotopic data of the studied deposit plot near the upper crust Pb evolution curve and overlap with the age-corrected Proterozoic basement rocks and the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation hosting dolostone.This indicates that the Pb originated from a mixed source of the basement metamorphic rocks and the ore-hosting carbonate rocks.The ore geology and C-H-O-S-Pb isotopic data suggest that the YinchanggouQiluogou deposit is an unusual carbonate-hosted,strata-bound and epigenetic deposit that derived ore-forming materials from a mixed source of the underlying Porterozoic basements and the Sinian hosting carbonates.     

Characteristics of Breccias and C-O-Sr-S Isotope Geochemistry of the Duocaima Pb-Zn Deposit in Tuotuohe, Qinghai Province: Implications for the Ore-forming Process

The Duocaima carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit is a newly found large deposit in the southern area of Qinghai Province.In this paper, the characteristics, genesis, significance to Pb-Zn mineralization of the widely developed breccias, and the ore-forming process have been carefully studied based on geological documentation of drilling holes, microscopic observations of petrography and microstructure and some stable isotope measurements.Based on the compositions of the clast and matrix, the breccias can be classified into three types: limestone clasts cemented by marl; limestone clasts with fine-grained calcareous materials; and limestone clasts cemented by hydrothermal calcite.The mineralization in the first type of breccia is weak, whereas it is strong in the latter two types of breccias.According to the locations of occurrence and structural characteristics of the breccias along with the relationship between the breccias and mineralization, part of the limestone clasts that are cemented by marl and outcrop in the contact zone between the Wudaoliang Formation(Nw) and the underlying Jiushidaoban Formation(Pj) are attributed to synsedimentary fault-genetic breccia, whereas the last of the limestone clasts that are cemented by marl and developed in the Jiushidaoban Formation(Pj) are attributed to the breccia generated by karst cave collapse; the limestone clasts with fine-grained calcareous materials and the limestone clasts cemented by hydrothermal calcite are attributed to breccia formed by hydrothermal dissolution.The breccia formed by karst collapse had consistently evolved for a long period of time, while the breccias with other origins were formed around the period of mineralization(i.e., about or slightly later than 20–16 Ma).The breccia generated by karst cave collapse and hydrothermal dissolution are somewhat related; the formation of the breccia from karst cave collapse provided open space for the later mineralization and reaction between hydrothermal fluids and host rocks, and the subsequent strong dissolution by hydrothermal fluids transformed some of the breccia formed earlier by karst cave collapse.Meanwhile, carbonate host rocks with breccias and brecciaed mineralization can be a potential sign of Mississippi Valley Type(MVT) deposits and important indicators for regional mineral exploration.The δ13CV-PDB, δ18OVSMOW, and 87Sr/86 Sr values of hydrothermal calcite in the Duocaima deposit range from 4.3‰ to 7.1‰, 14.9‰ to 20.1‰, and 0.707494 to 0.708185, respectively; the δ13CV-PDB, δ18OV-SMOW, and 87Sr/86 Sr values of the host limestones of the Jiushidaoban Formation range from 3.6‰ to 5.3‰, 18.0‰ to 20.5‰, and 0.707372 to 0.707945, respectively.The δ13CV-PDB and 87Sr/86 Sr values of hydrothermal calcite and limestone are similar, indicating single sources of C and Sr in this deposit, with the likely source being the limestone of the Jiushidaoban Formation.The minor scattering of the δ18OV-SMOW values suggests that different O isotope fluids underwent the isotope exchange reaction.The C-O-Sr isotope characteristics indicate that the host limestones experienced a dissolution and precipitation process during mineralization, which is beneficial to improving the porosity of host rocks and promoting the precipitation of metal sulfides.The δ34SV-CDT value of the breccia-type mineralization sulfides ranges from-30.4‰ to-0.3‰; that is, the δ34SV-CDT value is negative with considerable variation, illustrating that during the breccia-type mineralization process, the bacteriogenic reduction of sulfates provided the vast majority of sulfur, whereas the thermochemical reduction of sulfates was relatively unimportant.The brecciation that occurred as a result of karst cave collapse was mainly generated by the dissolution of groundwater; however, the brecciation related to hydrothermal dissolution and mineralization processes were caused by mixing of different fluids.     

四川宁南雀珠山地区铅锌矿床特征与找矿远景

宁南雀珠山地区铅锌矿床主要赋存于灯影组灰白色白云岩中上部或顶部,并受构造控制。矿石矿物以铅锌硫化物为主,主成矿元素铅锌的资源量可达超大型以上,属低温热液型铅锌矿床。该区及外围均具有很大的找矿潜力。     

四川扬子式铅锌矿床地质特征及资源潜力

简述了四川扬子式铅锌矿的分布特征及赋矿层位,分析了铅锌元素地球化学特征,初步总结了铅锌矿主要地质特征,圈定了找矿远景区,预测了铅锌矿资源潜力。     

对甘肃宕昌县代家庄铅锌矿床成因的认识

甘肃省宕昌县代家庄铅锌矿床的发现是近年来西秦岭地区铅锌找矿的重大进展。其类型为以菱锌矿、白铅矿为主的碳酸盐型铅锌矿,成为西成矿田西延地段发现新的成矿类型。区内圈定铅锌矿体6条,产于泥盆系龙鳞桥组第2岩性段与第3岩性段的过渡带和东沟组中,受NW—SE向压扭性断裂破碎带控制。断裂是成矿最主要的控制因素,不仅控制着铅锌多金属矿体的沉积就位,而且在成矿后期对矿体的改造起主导作用。矿区内未见岩浆岩及典型的热液蚀变现象。文章分析了成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征,铅同位素显示变化范围小,说明铅来源比较单一,硫同位素结果说明硫质来源于沉积地层中。闪锌矿中流体包裹体均一温度分别为80℃~120℃和120℃~160℃,说明成矿温度总体比较低。初步认为其成因沉积改造型铅锌矿床。     

新疆琼恰特北铅锌矿地质特征及成因浅析

新疆阿合奇县琼恰特北铅锌矿是近几年在西南天山地区的找矿新发现,矿床位于塔里木陆块西北缘柯坪陆缘盆地,赋矿地层为上寒武-下奥陶统丘里塔格组上段碳酸盐岩,容矿岩性为岩溶角砾岩,矿体呈似层状、不规则透镜状分布于岩溶角砾岩中,具有后生成矿特点。成矿与西南天山华力西晚期陆-陆碰撞造山事件关系密切,碰撞后造山带形成的区域流体运移进入前陆盆地,流体中的铅锌于丘里塔格组上段溶蚀崩塌形成的角砾岩中沉淀成矿。根据矿床地质地球化学特征以及与世界典型的MVT型铅锌矿床对比,笔者认为琼恰特北铅锌矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿矿床。     

西藏拉诺玛铅锌矿与云南金顶铅锌矿对比研究

青藏高原东缘昌都-思茅构造带以其特殊的大地构造位置和业已显现的巨大找矿潜力,日益受到地学界的重视。本文则对同处在该构造带北段昌都盆地内拉诺玛铅锌矿和南段兰坪思茅盆地内金顶超大型铅锌矿作一对比,研究其中共同点和不同之处,并依据区域成矿的理论进行类比,进一步探讨拉诺玛铅锌矿的成矿潜力和找矿方向。     

西藏昌都赵发勇溶洞控矿MVT铅锌矿床地质特征与矿床成因

赵发勇铅锌矿床位于三江成矿带中段昌都地区,铅锌矿化发育在新生代区域逆冲推覆构造中,以逆冲断层相关的古溶洞构造为主要控矿构造,代表了逆冲褶皱系MVT铅锌矿床中一种新的成矿模式——溶洞控矿成矿模式。因此,笔者在对赵发勇矿区详细地质填图基础上,对其成矿流体特征、成矿期方解石和硫化物的同位素组成进行了系统研究,以期对逆冲褶皱系MVT铅锌矿床中这一新成矿模式的成因机制进行探讨。赵发勇铅锌矿床矿体呈漏斗状-筒状发育在逆(冲)断层上、下盘的下二叠统和上三叠统灰岩古溶洞中,以角砾状、块状和皮壳状为主要矿石构造,以方铅矿、闪锌矿为主要矿石矿物,经历了硫化物期(I)和硫化物-碳酸盐期(II)两期成矿过程。I期成矿流体总体具低温度(130～140℃)、高盐度(23%～24%NaCl eq.)特征,部分呈现中高温度(约高达400℃)、中低盐度(约低达8%NaCleq.)特征;δDV-SMOW值介于–147‰～–94‰,δ18O流体值介于1.25‰～13.62‰;同成矿期方解石δ13CV-PDB值为–2.4‰～5.1‰,δ18OV-SMOW值为15.1‰～27.4‰。两期硫化物δ34S均为负值(–15.1‰～–1.6‰), 206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb组成分别为18.703 0～18.966 2、15.638 9～15.687 2、38.554 8～38.924 0。研究表明, I期铅锌矿化由①封存在地层中的蒸发浓缩的海水或/和区域古近纪—新近纪盆地下渗的盆地卤水形成的低温度、高盐度的本地流体和②由区域或矿区地层释放的蒸发浓缩海水和变质基底释放的变质水混合而成的中低温、中高盐度的区域流体两种流体组成;两期矿化的成矿金属来自造山带中从基底变质岩到盖层灰岩或/和碎屑岩等在内的多套地层,还原硫来自古近纪—新近纪盆地卤水中的硫酸盐±灰岩地层封存水中的硫酸盐的细菌还原作用;富还原硫的本地流体和富金属物质的区域流体的混合是铅锌硫化物沉淀的主要机制。结合对三江带区域溶洞控矿MVT铅锌矿床研究认识,笔者初步建立了逆冲褶皱系溶洞控矿MVT铅锌矿床成矿模型。