混杂增强(CNTs+TiB2)/Cu复合材料制备与性能

本文以碳纳米管（CNTs）和TiB2颗粒作为增强相,首先利用球磨、表面吸附和热压烧结相结合技术制备具有层叠结构的CNTs/Cu复合材料,改善了CNTs在铜基复合材料中易团聚问题。CNTs/Cu复合材料的致密度和导电率随CNTs含量增加而降低,抗拉强度和伸长率随CNTs含量增加先升高后降低,当含量为0.1 wt.%时综合性能最优,致密度、导电率和抗拉强度分别为97.57%、91.2 %IACS和252 MPa。而球磨后热压烧结的1 wt.% TiB2/Cu复合材料致密度、导电率和抗拉强度分别为97.61%、58.3 %IACS和436 MPa。在此基础上,将TiB2颗粒原位引入到具有层叠结构的CNTs/Cu复合材料,制备获得混杂增强(CNTs+TiB2)/Cu复合材料。相比单一CNTs（或TiB2）增强铜基复合材料,(CNTs+TiB2)/Cu复合材料的强度提升显著。其中,(0.1 wt.% CNTs+1 wt.% TiB2)/Cu复合材料的导电率和抗拉强度分别为56.4 %IACS和531 MPa,相比1 wt.% TiB2/Cu,其导电率仅降低3.3%,而抗拉强度则升高21.8%。这主要归因于片层间CNTs可起承担和传递载荷作用,同时片层间弥散分布的TiB2颗粒可以钉扎位错,两种强化机制共同作用使(CNTs+TiB2)/Cu复合材料的抗拉强度显著提升。     

CNTs/SiC/Cu复合材料制备及性能

以碳纳米管(CNTs)、碳化硅(SiC)粉体、锌(Zn)粉和CuSO_4·5H_2O为主要原料,用化学镀的方法制备CNTs /Cu复合粉体,再采用非均相沉淀法制备CNTs/SiC/Cu复合粉体.在750 ℃、100 MPa的制度下进行真空热压烧结后制得CNTs/SiC/Cu复合材料,其中Cu的含量(体积分数,下同)为70%,CNTs的含量(体积分数, 下同)分别为0,3%,5%,8%,12%.利用XRD、SEM分析样品的物相组成和显微结构;利用阿基米德排水法、显微硬度计、三点弯曲法测试了复合材料的密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度.结果表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,CNTs/SiC/Cu复合材料的密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度等性能发生相应变化,其中,抗弯强度呈现逐渐升高趋势.与未添加碳纳米管的30SiC/70Cu复合材料相比,添加12%CNTs的12CNTs/18SiC/70Cu 样品,抗弯强度提高了21.45 MPa.     

等离子烧结制备CNTs增强Nb/Nb_5Si_3复合材料

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,在烧结温度为1 500℃,升温速度为150℃/min下,制备了CNTs含量分别为1%、2%和3%的Nb/Nb5Si3复合材料。研究了不同CNTs含量的放电等离子烧结Nb/Nb5Si3复合材料的组织与性能。结果表明,复合材料的组织主要由Nb、α-Nb5Si3和γ-Nb5Si3相组成,当CNTs含量超过2%时复合材料中出现了新相Nb4C3,可能是因为CNTs结构在球磨或烧结的过程中被破坏,与Nb粉发生了化学反应。在烧结工艺参数相同的条件下,随着CNTs含量的增加,复合材料的致密度有所下降,硬度(HRC)先增加,当CNTs的含量约为2%时达到最大为66,含量超过2%时,复合材料的界面结合能力差,致密度降低较多,硬度下降。延长保温时间和增加压力,会使得复合材料的致密度和硬度增大。     

石墨烯/Al复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

采用乙醇溶液分散和球磨两步法将石墨烯和铝粉混合,然后采用冷压和真空热压烧结相结合工艺制备了石墨烯/Al复合材料。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、电子万能实验机和显微维氏硬度计等分析了复合粉体混合前后形貌,研究了石墨烯添加量对复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:采用乙醇溶液分散和球磨两步法,石墨烯均匀分散在铝颗粒基体中,得到混合均匀的复合粉体。冷压-真空热压烧结制备的复合材料组织致密,界面结合良好,石墨烯呈片状均匀地分布在铝基体中。随着石墨烯含量的增加(0.5%~2%,体积分数),复合材料强度和硬度均逐渐升高;当石墨烯的含量为1%时,复合材料的综合力学性能较好,强度和硬度分别达到199 MPa和82.95 HV,相对纯铝基体的分别增加了99%和113%。     

CNTs/Cu复合超细粉末及其复合材料的制备

以硝酸铜和预处理碳纳米管(CNTs)为原料,采用喷雾干燥-煅烧-还原工艺获得超细CNTs/Cu复合粉体。将复合粉体分别利用模压成形(MP)和冷等静压成形(CIP)两种工艺分别制备出CNTs/Cu复合材料。比较两种工艺下得到的复合材料的致密度、硬度、导电率和导热性能。结果表明:喷雾干燥法制备的复合粉体纯度高,CNTs分散均匀。冷等静压成形优于模压工艺,冷等静压工艺制备的复合材料中CNTs含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,硬度和热导率分别达到105.24 HV和407.84W/(m·K)。     

MgO添加量和烧结温度对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能的影响

采用氧化铝粉为原料、MgO为添加剂、两步烧结工艺制备氧化铝陶瓷,并分析添加剂的变化对氧化铝陶瓷致密度、力学性能和微观组织的影响规律。结果表明:当烧结温度T_1=1 450℃、保温时间t_1=10 min、烧结温度T_2=1 375℃、保温时间t_2=5 h,MgO添加量为0.5%时,晶粒细小,晶粒分布均匀,但致密度差;当MgO含量为0.25%时,平均粒径最小,晶粒分布较集中,致密度接近理论值;当MgO添加量达到0.01%时,相对密度和力学性能最好,但晶粒粗大,晶粒分布不均匀。因此当MgO含量为0.25%时,通过两步烧结工艺制备的氧化铝陶瓷性能最佳。     

高能球磨工艺对CNTs/Cu复合粉末与材料性能的影响

采用卧式高能球磨和机械合金化工艺制备了纳米碳管增强铜基(CNTs/Cu)复合粉体,并采用真空冷压烧结法制备出CNTs/Cu复合材料。研究了高能球磨工艺参数对复合粉体与材料性能的影响,包括球磨时间和搅拌轴转速对复合粉体粒度、松装密度的影响,及其对该复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,高能球磨技术有利于CNTs与铜的界面结合和机械合金化。高能球磨的最佳工艺条件为搅拌轴线速度为4.2/5.4 m/s和球磨时间为2~4h,得到的CNTs/Cu复合粉体中位径11.76μm,松装密度1.356 g/cm3。CNTs/Cu复合材料的致密度达94%,硬度达92 HB,抗拉强度达138 MPa。     

稀土La对Al2O3/Cu复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用机械合金化法结合放电等离子烧结制备Al2O3/Cu铜基复合材料,采用XRD、SEM、硬度、抗拉强度和电导率等测试研究La含量对Al2O3/Cu复合粉末和烧结材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.05%的稀土La有利于机械合金化过程中Cu晶粒的细化和Al2O3颗粒的弥散分布,从而提高烧结材料的显微硬度和抗拉强度。烧结材料的导电率随着La含量的增加先升后降,当La的质量分数为0.10%时,Al2O3/Cu复合材料的导电率提高11.3%IACS。     

CNTs含量对CNTs/Al复合材料力学性能的影响

用羧基化方法对CNTs(碳纳米管)进行预处理,增强其分散性。通过粉末冶金法制备了CNTs含量为0~2.0%的铝基复合材料,并对热挤压前后的力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,复合材料的力学性能均随CNTs含量的增加而增加,CNTs含量为1.0%的铝基复合材料的抗拉强度可达158 MPa,比同样条件下不含CNTs的纯铝抗拉强度(113 MPa)高40%。当CNTs含量在1.0%以下时,CNTs/Al复合材料的硬度、屈服强度和抗拉强度均与CNTs含量的平方根成正比,这表明其主要强化机制应是CNTs的弥散强化。     

钼粉表面化学镀铜复合粉末烧结致密化

对化学镀法制备铜包钼的钼铜复合粉体的烧结致密化特点进行了研究,讨论了化学镀法制备钼铜复合粉的成形性,分析了化学镀铜钼粉的预处理、烧结温度、保温时间及复压复烧工艺对致密化的影响.结果表明,化学镀法制备钼铜复合粉成形性好,生坯相对密度可达到87%.在优化各影响因素的情况下,Mo/28Cu采用常规粉末冶金工艺得到了相对密度达97%的钼铜复合材料,钼铜复合材料具有典型的网络状结构,复合材料内部基本无孔洞,铜相分布均匀.     

Cu含量对CNTs/Al-Cu复合材料显微组织和压缩力学性能的影响（英文）

通过热压烧结和热轧制备碳纳米管(CNTs)增强的Al-Cu基复合材料,系统研究Cu含量对Al与CNTs的界面反应、含Cu沉淀物的析出行为及相应复合材料力学性能的影响。研究表明,提高Cu含量不仅能使复合材料制备过程中含Cu析出相的数量和尺寸增加,而且能促进CNTs与Al基体之间的界面反应,加剧CNTs转化为Al₄C₃。由于含有1%Cu(质量分数)的复合材料保持CNTs的原始结构,因此,它在所有复合材料中具有最高的强度、弹性模量和硬度。此外,增加Cu含量还能改变影响复合材料强度的主要强化机制。     

Investigation on the characteristics of micro- and nano-structured W-15 wt.%Cu composites prepared by powder metallurgy route

The properties of W-15 wt.%Cu composites were investigated by preparing two distinct composites of micrometer and nanoscale structures. Micrometer composite was produced by mixing elemental W and Cu powders and nanometer one was synthesized through a mechanochemical reaction between WO₃ and CuO powders. Subsequent compaction and sintering process was performed to ensure maximum possible densification at 1000-1200 °C temperatures. Finally, the behavior of produced samples including relative density, hardness, compressive strength, electrical conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and room temperature corrosion resistance were examined. Among the composites, nano-structured sample sintered at 1200 °C exhibited better homogeneity, the highest relative density (94%) and mechanical properties. Furthermore, this composite showed superior electrical conductivity (31.58 IACS) and CTE (9.95384 × 10^- 6) in comparison with micrometer type. This appropriate properties may be mainly attributed to liquid phase sintering with particle rearrangement which induced by higher capillary forces of finer structures.     

Friction and wear properties of copper matrix composites reinforced by tungsten-coated carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated by tungsten layer using metal organic chemical vapor deposition process with tungsten hexacarbonyl as a precursor. The W-coated CNTs (W-CNTs) were dispersed into Cu powders by magnetic stirring process and then the mixed powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering to fabricate W-CNTs/Cu composites. The CNTs/Cu composites were fabricated using the simi-lar processes. The friction coefficient and mass wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu and CNTs/Cu composites were studied. The results showed that the W-CNT content, interfacial bonding situation, and applied load could influence the friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu com-posites. When the W-CNT content was 1.0 wt.%, the W-CNTs/Cu composites got the minimum friction coefficient and wear loss, which were decreased by 72.1% and 47.6%, respectively, compared with pure Cu specimen. The friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu composites were lower than those of CNTs/Cu composites, which was due to that the interfacial bonding at (W-CNTs)-Cu interface was bet-ter than that at CNTs-Cu interface. The friction coefficient of composites did not vary obviously with increasing applied load, while the wear loss of composites increased significantly with the increase of applied load.     

复合稀土氧化物掺杂W-20Cu复合材料的制备及组织性能研究

以偏钨酸铵和硝酸铜为原料,采用EDTA-柠檬酸法制备了含有0~0.8wt.%稀土氧化物( Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9, SDC)的W-20Cu复合粉体,所制备的复合粉体经压制成型、1250°C烧结2h后获得SDC/W-20Cu复合材料烧结体。对所制备复合粉体进行物相、形貌的表征;研究稀土氧化物的添加对SDC/W-20Cu烧结体的密度、组织结构和物理力学性能的影响。实验结果表明：所制备的W-Cu复合粉体平均粒度为100~200nm;同时,SDC的添加对烧结体的密度和电导率会有轻微的影响,但能够抑制晶粒的长大并明显改善烧结体的力学性能。经1250°C烧结后,SDC/W-20Cu烧结体的相对密度均高于97%;当SDC的添加量为0.6%时,具有最大的抗弯强度和显微硬度,分别是1128MPa和258HV;此外,在室温和600°C的测试条件下,其最大的抗拉强度可以达到580MPa和258MPa。     

聚碳硅烷原位自生增强钛基复合材料的组织及性能研究

以低氧氢化脱氢钛粉和陶瓷先驱体聚合物聚碳硅烷(PCS)为原料,通过粉末冶金工艺原位自生制备高强高塑钛基复合材料,探究了PCS的引入对钛基复合材料的控氧效果、烧结致密化过程、基体显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。研究表明：采用湿混包覆工艺可以将PCS包覆于Ti粉表面,有效控制材料制备过程中的氧增,其中制备的Ti-1.0 wt.% PCS复合材料的氧含量为0.21~0.24 wt.%,显著低于未经处理的CP-Ti样品(0.36~0.41 wt.%)。在烧结过程中,PCS受热分解并与Ti基体原位反应生成TiC颗粒,弥散分布在基体中,而Si元素则固溶于Ti基体。PCS的引入对Ti基体的性能具有明显的改善作用,经1200 °C/2 h烧结制备的Ti-1.0 wt.% PCS复合材料致密度达到98.4%,洛氏硬度为47.3 HRC,屈服强度为544 MPa,抗拉强度为650 MPa,延伸率为14.5%,其综合性能指标显著优于CP-Ti样品。     

Effect of powder mixing process on the microstructure and thermal conductivity of Al/diamond composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Two powder mixing processes, mechanical mixing (MM) and mechanical alloying (MA), were used to prepare mixed Al/diamond powders, which were subsequently consolidated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) to produce bulk Al/diamond composites. The effects of the powder mixing process on the morphologies of the mixed powders, the microstructure and the thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated. The results show that the powder mixing process can significantly affect the microstructure and the thermal conductivity of the composites. Agglomerations of the particles occurred in mixed powders using MM for 30 min, which led to high pore content and weak interfacial bonding in the composites and resulted in low relative density and low thermal conductivity for the composites. Mixed powders of homogeneous distribution of diamond particles could be obtained using MA for 10 min and MM for 2 h. The composite prepared through MA indicated a high relative density but low thermal conductivity due to its defects, such as damaged particles, Fe impurity, and local interfacial debonding, which were mainly introduced in the MA process. In contrast, the composite made by MM for 2 h demonstrated high relative density and an excellent thermal conductivity of 325 W·m-1·K-1, owing to its having few defects and strong interfacial bonding.     

Processing and characterization of carbon nanotube mat/epoxy composites

A carbon nanotube mat (CNT mat) with long (∼1 mm) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was used to process MWCNT/epoxy composites at high concentrations (4.4 and 10.0 wt.%) of MWCNTs by a simple method without the use of a solvent. The CNT mat circumvents several cumbersome processing steps, including the dispersion of CNTs in a solvent. Two different resin-impregnation processing methods were explored. The processing steps were chosen to prepare composite samples based on the performance of the composites and the simplicity of the processing techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructures of the CNT mat and its composites. The mechanical and electrical properties were tested. The tensile strengths of the composites with 10.0 wt.% MWCNTs were increased by 17% to 90% when compared to that of neat epoxy samples. The electrical conductivity of the composite is 36.1 S/cm. 4.4 wt.%-MWCNT composites show very large strain valuesupon fracturing (> 15 %), and their electrical conductivity is 14.9 S/cm. These results show that CNT mat/epoxy composites can be used as flexible electrodes and as a matrix system for advanced fiber composites.     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage of NdMg12–Ni composites modified with carbon nanotubes and BN particles

In this work, the electrochemical performance of NdMg₁₂–Ni composite electrode in alkaline solution and the effect of the surface modification with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and boron nitride (BN) particles on the NdMg₁₂–Ni composite were investigated. The NdMg₁₂ alloy was synthesized by a salt-cover-melting and a subsequent quenching process. The NdMg₁₂–Ni–BN and NdMg₁₂–Ni–CNTs composites were prepared by ball-milling NdMg₁₂ alloy, Ni powders and CNTs or BN particles. It is found that CNTs or BN particles are mainly attached onto the surface of the NdMg₁₂–Ni composite after the ball-milling process. The electrochemical experiment results indicate that the NdMg₁₂–Ni composites modified with CNTs or BN particles have the improved electrochemical performance. In particular, the NdMg₁₂–Ni–5 wt.% CNTs and NdMg₁₂–Ni–3 wt.% BN composites have the higher initial discharge capacity of 416.6 mAh/g and 442.9 mAh/g, respectively, larger than the original NdMg₁₂–Ni composite. The large amount of grain boundaries and crystalline defects, induced during the ball-milling process, can accelerate the bulk hydrogen diffusion and provide more surface active sites for the electrochemical reaction of the composites. However, the cycle stability of the composites modified by CNTs or BN particles is still not satisfactory for the practical application.