运载器姿态控制重构研究

运载器发动机推力下降故障模式较为常见,对于典型的非致命故障采取姿态重构控制技术往往可以挽救一发飞行任务。随着计算机软件与硬件技术水平的提升,控制重构技术具有重大的意义。在此,开展了运载器故障动力学建模研究,提出了运载器重构控制技术方案。介绍了一种姿态重构控制技术研究成果,包括控制律设计与控制重分配方法,并针对所提出的姿态重构方法开展了仿真验证,结果表明姿态重构技术在发动机推力故障下仍可保证运载器良好的姿控性能与稳定能力。最后展望了智能控制技术发展前景。     

德尔它运载器数字控制系统的研制

本文介绍了为NASA德尔它运载器研制数字飞行控制系统所采用的方法。在本文讨论的德尔它运载器数字控制系统中,两个控制级仅用一个敏感器。这种敏感器既可用来作为姿态基准,又可给出稳定飞行用的角速率信息。在采用单敏感器。条件下通过综合数字滤波器来提供适当的稳定裕度。本文也介绍了从提出系统技术要求到进行飞行计划的研制过程。     

人工智能在未来空天飞机的指挥和控制中的应用

未来的低成本“空天飞机”运载器将会非常注重降低操作费用。同时,也可能要求这种运载器以无人驾驶或自动化方式完成其大部分飞行任务。因此,要求自动控制系统和数据译码非常可靠。甚至在其发射中途出现故障时,也需要使飞行器成功地回收,这样就需考虑飞行控制的安全规范方面的要求。看来人工智能将是获得费效比低,自动化和可重复使用的运载系统的关键技术。但对其具体应用必须要根据已有技术仔细地进行审查。要求这种系统具有的主要功能是运载器整个使用周期内,远离运载器并能作出快速有效决策的操作员的“透明性”,以及在得到了操作经验情况下,能够扩充系统的“可教育性”。     

无动力运载器纵向运动的非线性动态逆控制

无动力水下运载器的运动有着强烈的非线性,传统的非线性系统近似线性化建模有着不可忽视的局限性,文中将逆系统理论应用于运载器的纵向运动控制中,仿真结果表明所设计的控制律具有较好的控制效果.     

组合动力运载器返回段轨迹设计建模研究

为克服当前已有升力式航天器再入模型的不足,建立适应于下面级组合动力运载器的返回段轨迹设计模型,对下面级组合动力运载器返回段轨迹特点和设计难点进行了分析,并针对此类飞行器返回过程中初始状态散布大、返回过程需进行机动转弯和冲压模态动力巡航、各阶段轨迹设计要求各异的问题,在转弯段以运载器速度为积分变量,通过引入方位-视线角偏差标志转弯终点,能够有效处理组合动力运载器返回过程各类约束。该模型计算结果符合组合动力运载器返回段轨迹特点和任务需要,能够满足此类运载器返回段轨迹设计要求。     

数字自动驾驶仪设计与计算机容量研究(最后技术报告)

这篇报告介绍的是NASA12-2048号合同研究期间所得到的研究成果。报告详细地描述了典型的运载器所用的数字飞行控制系统的设计方法,这些运载器(宇宙神/半人马座,宇宙神/伯纳Ⅱ,土星IB/半人马座,以及土星V/旅行者)将在今后十年用于各种空间技术。分析与设计运载器稳定性所要求的数字自动驾驶仪的增益和滤波器,导致研制一个能够适应上述任何一个或者所有运载器的飞行控制要求的单一的软件组合。报告对这种软件编排连同系统所要求的定时容量及输入/输出等做了综合描述。最后讨论了每种运载器系统的混合实时仿真所得到的结果;这些结果表明单一的飞行控制系统的能力和性能。     

基于滑模变结构的无人机导引律仿真研究

为了提高无人机导引律控制的稳定性,采用滑模变结构导引律控制方法。根据一定的假设条件,建立无人机三自由度模型,根据运动模型和初始状态得到实际飞行轨迹。由滑模变结构导引律得到无人机的期望轨迹,通过实际轨迹与期望轨迹之间的误差来驱动控制。仿真结果表明,无人机在导引律控制过程中控制量变化平稳,验证了该方法的有效性和合理性。     

无鳍舵无动力水下运载器发射潜空导弹仿真研究

针对鳍舵式无动力运载器系统结构复杂、水动力环境复杂及水下弹道控制复杂等问题,提出一种无鳍舵水下运载器发射模型。该运载器具有长圆柱体外形、无鳍舵控制、鱼雷管水平发射的特点,运载器由浮力推动上升,浮力和重力构成的恢复力矩可调整运载器出水姿态,具有系统结构简单、水动力环境简单、水下弹道控制简单等优点。利用Matlab的Simulink仿真平台对其进行验证,仿真结果表明,运载器水下运行轨迹符合理论预期,出水速度和姿态满足潜空导弹水面发射要求。     

用于可重复使用运载器的带空气液化和浓集系统的推进装置

给出了一种低速飞行时使用空气－涡轮－火箭发动机、高速飞行时使用火箭发动机加速、且二者都以液氢为燃料的完全可重复使用、水平起降、从地球发射入轨的运载器方案。用液体空气循环为涡轮－火箭发动机提供氧化剂。当涡轮－火箭发动机以Ｍａ＝２～５或６在大气中飞行时，可收集、分离和贮存纯液氧，为后继火箭发动机提供９０％的氧化剂。这样可使起飞重量和所需推力大大减小。在收集空气末段降低轨道高度，可减小翼面积，从而增大载荷。用现代材料（如石墨聚合物）直接取代铝或铝锂合金是达到单级入轨运载器结构重量目标的关键因素。采用“驾波器”气动力构型，也是一项很有希望减轻运载器重量的措施。     

基于隐式增量动态逆的水下运载器出水姿态控制

显式动态逆控制直接利用非线性对消来实现对系统的精确线性化,但由于实际模型存在不确定性因而会造成在对消过程中存在逆误差,使得控制的鲁棒性难以保证。在解决水下运载器出水运动问题中,由于存在较强的不确定性,显式动态逆控制无法消除逆误差的影响。出水过程中水动力变化剧烈同时海浪强烈作用,因此需要对姿态控制问题进行着重研究。在仿射形式的水下运载器出水运动数学模型基础上,推导并得到了隐式增量形式的动态逆控制律,利用层叠结构思想将系统划分为慢快两个回路。在时标分离的慢快回路基础上,引入状态变化率反馈,设计了不依赖精确数学模型的隐式增量控制律,提高了控制的鲁棒性。基于隐式动态逆相应的控制算法,考虑海浪作用、水动力参数摄动以及测量噪声的影响下,对水下运载器出水姿态进行跟踪控制,验证了控制律的有效性和合理性。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Overview of Anti-tank Mines

First the different anti-tank mines laying possibilities are shortly summarized： hand emplaced, with mine layers, ground or helicopter relatively topographical well defined, and with cluster systems of projectiles, rockets and aircraft dispensers. Then examples of the three generations of anti-tank mines are presented：Ⅰ generation： detonating only beneath the track; Ⅱ generation： detonating beneath the track and belly; Ⅲ generation： mines with off-route actions. Weight and cost comparisons are strongly favoring the off-route Ⅲ-generation mines.     

A Finite Element Analysis on Static Strength of a Complex Section

A static finite element analysis （FEA） of an impulsive controller section is presented. The boundary condition and a part of the loads are applied. Considering the grades of the stress around the holes being large, the dense grids are adjusted accordingly. Four cases with different loads are compared, thus the influences of different loads on the section are analyzed. Numerical results show that the maximum stress of the section is lower than the strength limit of the material, and the section will not be broken with the static loads.     

Discussion on Mechanism of Breech-Blow Caused by Propellant Charge

From the view point of launch safety caused by fracture of propellant charge, this paper points out that the safety criterion of pressure wave is inadequate to evaluate the launch safety of propellant charge based on the initial negative differential pressure and sensitivity tests. Generally, the maximum barrel pressure does not depend upon the intensity of pressure wave correspondingly. The pressure wave intensity can not describe the fracture degree of propellant charge in chamber and reflect the mechanical environment of propellant charge fracturing exactly and wholly. The evaluation criterion for launch safety of propellant charge should be built on the basis of depicting the fracture degree of propellant bed.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Experimental Studies of Toxicity on HNIW and Its Intermediates

The polycyclic nitramine hexanitrohexaazaisowurtane（HNIW） is a compound of high energy density. HNIW can replace 1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazacyclohexane（RDX） or HMX, hut its toxicity is unknown. In this paper, HNIW, hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane （HBIW）, tetraacetyldibenzulhexaazaisowurtzitane （TADBIW）, tetraacetyldiformylhexaazaisowurtzitane（TADFIW） and tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane（TAIW）, which are intermediates of the synthesis of the HNIW, were selected as the tested objects in acute toxicity test, acute eye stimulation test and skin irritation test according to the standards of ＂chemical product testing method-401 ： acute oral toxicity test＂, ＂chemical product testing means-405： acute eye irritation/corrosion test＂ and ＂chemical product testing means-404： acute dermal irritation/corrosion test＂ of National Circumstance Protect Bureau. The results show that all of the five objects have no toxicity, no stimulation to eye and skin under the tested conditions.