臭氧氧化法处理硝基苯废水实验研究

采用臭氧氧化法处理硝基苯溶液,考察了反应时间、硝基苯浓度、溶液pH、臭氧流量等因素对硝基苯降解率的影响。研究结果表明：初始浓度200 mg/L时,pH 9.5、臭氧流量为300 mg/h,经30 min后硝基苯去除率达到95.3%以上。硝基苯降解反应符合一级反应动力学。TOC降解速率低于硝基苯分子降解速率,反应30 min后,TOC去除率比硝基苯去除率低45%左右,表明伴随着硝基苯的分解,由？OH或臭氧和硝基苯分子作用生成一系列中间产物。     

Fe~(2+)/UV/O_3处理硝基苯废水实验研究

对采用Fe2+/UV/O3催化氧化反应处理硝基苯废水的主要影响因素及其处理效果进行了实验研究。正交实验结果显示,最佳反应条件为:Fe2+的浓度75mg/L,气相O3浓度25mg/L,pH值为3,反应时间3h,硝基苯去除率达80%以上。同时与O3、UV/O3方法进行了比较实验,结果表明,Fe2+/UV/O3处理方法较佳。     

电Fenton法降解硝基苯废水的研究

实验使用钛基二氧化铅电极为阳极，泡沫镍作阴极对模拟硝基苯废水，研究了不同因素对硝基苯去除率的影响。并通过单因素实验分析确定了最佳反应条件：硝基苯浓度为123mg／L，辅助电介质Na2S04浓度为7．5g／L，FeS04浓度为0．45g/L．电解电压为18V，电解时间为80min，极板间距为4cm。在此条件下去除率可达到90％。     

Fenton试剂处理树脂废水影响因素研究

通过对树脂废水一级生化处理出水Fenton反应的小试试验,确定出Fenton反应最佳控制条件为:n(H2O2)∶n(FeSO4)为3∶1,反应时间120 min,反应初始pH 3左右,在此条件下,废水CODCr去除率可达到90%。按照该最佳反应条件设计的废水处理装置,经过一周的连续运行,CODCr去除率稳定在90%左右,处理后的出水优于《水污染物排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)一级排放标准要求。     

掺锑二氧化锡钛网阳极对酸性玫瑰红的电化学氧化

研究了掺锑二氧化锡钛网阳极对酸性玫瑰红的电化学氧化。通过单因素优化分析法得出最佳反应条件:反应时间为4 h、初始pH 3、电流密度30 mA/cm2、Na2SO4质量浓度为12 g/L、温度为26℃。在最佳反应条件下,对于质量浓度小于200 mg/L的酸性玫瑰红模拟废水,COD去除率大于97.2%,酸性玫瑰红(AR52)去除率大于99.8%。     

活性炭对废水中对氯硝基苯的吸附特性研究

研究了活性炭加入量、吸附温度、吸附时间、pH值不同时活性炭对模拟废水中对氯硝基苯的吸附特性。结果表明:活性炭对对氯硝基苯废水中的对氯硝基苯的去除率随活性炭加入量的增加而增大,在200m L浓度为100mg/L对氯硝基苯废水中最佳活性炭加入量为0.2g,去除率达96.68%,动态吸附平衡时间为22min;随温度的升高活性炭对对氯硝基苯废水中的对氯硝基苯的去除率也增大,最佳吸附温度为35℃;100mg/L对氯硝基苯废水的最佳吸附pH值为7。活性炭对对氯硝基苯的吸附符合BET等温吸附方程式,在20℃条件下,吸附等温线方程为:qe=500ce/(cs-ce)(1+14ce/cs),线性相关系数R~2=0.998 6,估算出所用活性炭比表面积为428m~2/g。     

填料及H_2O_2对微电解深度处理石化废水效果的影响

以多孔活性炭结构的多元合金材料为填料,采用微电解催化还原氧化深度处理石化废水。考察了静态试验条件下多元合金填料的类型、填料投加量、废水初始pH值、反应时间、H_2O_2投加量对反应效果的影响。筛选出最佳的微电解一体化填料为Yonker-IME-L02及其最佳投加量为100 g/L,在pH值为2.1,反应时间为90 min的条件下,CODCr的质量浓度从初始的492.5 mg/L降到311.9 mg/L,去除率为36.67%。在以上条件下,同时投加0.50 g/L的H_2O_2强化反应后,CODCr的质量浓度可以降到99.57 mg/L,去除率提升至79.78%。处理出水CODCr浓度达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准的要求。     

超重力强化O_3/Fe(Ⅱ)氧化降解硝基苯废水

在旋转填料床中进行Fe~(2+)/O_3降解硝基苯废水的实验研究,并考察了初始pH、超重力因子β、液体流量、Fe~(2+)浓度对硝基苯去除率的影响。结果表明,在硝基苯质量浓度为175 mg/L、臭氧质量浓度为40 mg/L、气体流量为75 L/h、pH为3.5、超重力因子β=80、液体流量为140 L/h、Fe~(2+)浓度为0.4 mmol/L、循环处理40 min的条件下,硝基苯去除率和COD去除率分别为99.5%和67.97%。相同实验条件下,与O_3-RPB相比,该工艺的硝基苯去除率和COD去除率分别提高了7.1%和27.51%;与Fe~(2+)/O_3/BR工艺相比,该工艺的硝基苯去除率和COD去除率分别提高了27.2%和32.55%。表明将超重力技术与均相催化臭氧技术相结合,可实现硝基苯的高效降解。     

超声波降解水中硝基苯研究

通过超声波、超声-H2O2、超声一Fealmon 试剂降解含硝基苯废水的试验,探讨了频率、声强、H2O2的投加量以及Fonton反应的最佳pH值等对硝基苯降解效果的影响.试验结果表明：当硝基苯浓度为 367 mg/L、频率为 40 kHz时、作用时间为 6 min,用超声波单独处理,硝基苯去除率效果只有30%;采用超声-H2O2联合技术可使硝基苯降解率明显提高,硝基苯降解率为62%;超声-Feaaton试剂处理效果最佳,在相同处理条件下,当pH=3时,硝基苯的降解率可达到86%.     

Fe／C微电解法处理对氯硝基苯废水的研究

研究了Fe/C微电解法处理对氯硝基苯废水的影响因素和工艺条件.结果表明,影响微电解对对氯硝基苯转化率的因素按从大到小的顺序为:反应时间、pH、铁炭比;Fe/C微电解法降解对氯硝基苯废水的最佳工艺条件是:铁屑用量3～4 g·L-1,废水pH=3～4,铁炭比1～1.5,反应时间2～2.5h.在适当的反应条件下,对氯硝基苯的转化率大于80%.降解反应为一级反应.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.