非小细胞肺癌组织中FAK和pY397FAK的表达

目的：探讨粘着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase，FAK)和磷酸化FAK(phospho FAK，pY397FAK)在非小细胞肺癌(nonsmall cell lung cancer，NSCLC)和正常支气管黏膜上皮中的表达，及FAK在NSCLC发生、浸润和转移中的作用。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测FAK和pY397FAK在60例NSCLC和19例正常支气管黏膜上皮中的表达，并与临床病理指标和Ki-67表达进行联合分析。结果：FAK和pY397FAK在NSCLC中表达为83．3％(50／60)和55．0％(33／60)，高于正常支气管黏膜上皮[57．9％(11／19)和21．1％(4／19)]，差异有统计学意义，P=0．030、P-0．010。FAK和pY397FAK表达升高与TNM分期及淋巴结转移有关，在Ⅲ期和淋巴结转移组的阳性率高于Ⅰ Ⅱ期和无淋巴结转移组，差异有统计学意义，P均＜0．05。FAK的强阳性表达率在低分化组中(73．1％，19／26)显著高于高一中分化组(47．1％，16／34)，P=0．043。结论：FAK和pY397FAK过表达在NsCLC发生和进展中发挥重要作用。FAK和pY397FAK可能作为判断NSCLC生物学行为的指标和治疗的新靶点。     

结直肠癌β-catenin 表达及临床意义

目的 研究结直肠癌中β—catenin表达及临床意义。方法 采用免疫组化法检测60例结直肠癌，20例结直肠腺瘤和20例正常结直肠组织中β—catenin的表达。结果 结直肠癌β—catenin膜表达阳性率(65％)显低于结直肠腺瘤(90％)和正常结直肠组织(100％)；结直肠癌β—catenin核表达阳性率(59％)显高于结直肠腺瘤(30％)和正常结直肠组织(0％)(P＜0．01)。Β—catenin膜表达阳性率与肿瘤细胞分化，淋巴结转移密切相关(P＜O．05)，而与肿瘤的浸润深度、Duke's分期、肿瘤部位无关(P＞0．05)。Β—catenin膜表达阴性提示预后较差。结论 β—catenin表达异常与结直肠癌的发生有关，β—catenin膜表达可反映肿瘤的侵袭、转移状态，可用为判断预后的指标之一。     

MMP-2和p53表达在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨人结直肠癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）和p53表达与其临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组化EliVisionTM plus法,检测40例结直肠癌、20例结直肠腺瘤和20例正常结直肠组织中MMP-2和p53蛋白表达水平。结果40例结直肠癌组织中MMP-2和p53阳性表达率分别为80．0％（32／40）和82．5％（33／40）,明显高于正常结直肠组织、结直肠腺瘤组织中的阳性率（均为0、30．0％）。MMP-2和p53在结直肠癌中的表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤发生部位均无相关性（P〉0．05）,与组织学分化程度呈负相关,分化程度越差,蛋白阳性表达率越高,有淋巴结转移组蛋白阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移组（P〈0．05）,与TNM分期呈正相关（P〈0．05）。MMP-2表达与肿瘤浸润深度有关（P〈0．05）,有远处转移组MMP-2蛋白阳性表达率明显高于无远处转移组（P〈0．05）,p53表达与肿瘤浸润深度以及远处转移均无相关性（P〉0．05）。结直肠癌组织中MMP-2表达与p53蛋白表达呈正相关（γs’=0．3742,P=0．0069）。结论MMP-2表达与结直肠癌淋巴结侵袭转移有关,p53基因突变后MMP-2表达增强。联合检测MMP-2和p53在结直肠癌中的表达对评估结直肠癌病情有一定意义。     

结直肠癌中CDX2、PTEN、Ki-67的表达及DNA倍体分析

目的探讨CDX2、PTEN、Ki-67在结直肠癌中的表达及其与DNA倍体的相互关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测50例结直肠癌组织和10例癌旁的正常肠黏膜组织中CDX2、PTEN及硒-67的表达,运用流式细胞术（FCM）对50例结直肠癌组织做DNA倍体分析。结果结直肠癌和正常肠黏膜组织CDX2的阳性率分别为82％（41／50）和100％（10／10）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PTEN在两组的表达阳性率分别为64％（32／50）和90％（9／10）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。二者与肿瘤的TNM分期、组织分级、淋巴结转移、原发灶浸润程度相关。CDX2和PTEN与Ki-67呈负相关（r=-0．254,r=-0．340）。二倍体肿瘤中CDX2的表达明显高于异倍体组（93．75％：76．47％）,而PTEN在两组表达中差异无统计学意义。结论CDX2与FFEN呈正相关,二者与Ki-67呈负相关,在调节肠上皮细胞增生分化方面PTEN对CDX2有调控作用。CDX2的下降与肿瘤恶性程度、预后有关。     

p33~(INGI)、p53在结直肠癌中的表达及其相互关系

目的:探讨p33ING1、p53在结直肠癌中的表达及其相互关系。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测60例结直肠癌组织及相应正常黏膜组织中p33ING1、p53的表达。结果:结直肠癌组织、相应正常黏膜组织中p33ING1蛋白的阳性表达率分别为43．3％(26／60)、100％(60／60)(P<0．01),p53蛋白分别为51．6％(31／60)、0％(0／60)。p33ING1在无淋巴结转移组及淋巴结转移组癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为57．6％(19／33)、25．9％(7／27)(P<0．05);在Dukes A、B期、Dukes C、D期病例中分别为56．7％(17／30)、30．0％(9／30)(P<0．05)。在p53表达阴性的29例中有12例(41．4％,12／29)p33ING1表达缺失,而p53阳性的31例病例中有22例(71．0％,22／31)p33ING1表达阴性(P<0．05),在p53蛋白表达阳性的病例中p33ING1蛋白表达明显缺失,两者表达呈负相关。结论:p33ING1在结直肠癌组织中低表达,与p53互相协同,在结直肠癌的发生、发展中可能起重要作用。     

NOB1在结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究NOB1编码蛋白在结直肠癌及正常结直肠黏膜（距癌组织边缘5cm以上）、结直肠良性息肉中的表达特征.探讨结直肠癌中NOB1表达的临床病理意义.方法：利用免疫组织化学SABC法检测87例结直肠癌组织、22例正常结直肠黏膜组织18例结直肠息肉组织中NOB1的表达.结果：NOB1在结直肠癌,结直肠良性息肉及正常结直肠黏膜中的阳性表达率分别为74.7％、44.4％、13.6％,三组进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.细胞分化差的结直肠癌NOB1蛋白阳性率表达高（P＜0.05）与患者年龄,性别,肿瘤浸润深度及淋巴结转移无明显相关性.结论：NOB1蛋白在结直肠癌中表达升高,并与大肠癌临床病理学特征有关.     

结直肠癌组织中黏蛋白MUC2和MUC3的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨散发性结直肠癌组织中MUC2和MUC3的表达与临床病理参数间的关系及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测90例结直肠癌和30例正常结直肠黏膜组织中MUC2和MUC3的表达。结果:30例正常结直肠黏膜组织中黏蛋白MUC2和MUC3的表达阳性率均为100％,而90例结直肠癌组织中MUC2和MUC3的阳性表达率分别为35．5％和52．2％(P< 0．05);MUC2和MUC3的表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、淋巴结转移和Dukes分期密切相关(P<0．05),黏蛋白MUC3与肿瘤的分化程度呈负相关(P<0．05)。结论:黏蛋白MUC2和MUC3在人结直肠癌组织中表达下调。     

结直肠癌组织ATF3及其靶基因Cyclin D1与Maspin表达的临床意义分析

目的:检测转录激活因子3 (ATF3)及其靶基因Cyclin D1与Maspin在结直肠癌组织芯片中的表达,探讨ATF3表达在结直肠癌发生、发展中的意义.方法:构建含结直肠癌及癌旁相对正常肠黏膜的组织芯片,应用免疫组织化学检测ATF3、Cyclin D1及Maspin的表达情况.结果:ATF3、Cyclin D1与Maspin在结直肠癌中阳性表达率分别为70.3％、51.4％和59.5％,明显高于癌旁正常组织的21.6％、2.7％和13.5％,差异有统计学意义,x2值分别为35.252、44.411和33.689,P值均为0.000;ATF3与结直肠癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小及肿瘤分化程度无关,而与浸润程度和淋巴结有无转移有关,浆膜层表达(83.3％)高于肌层(38.9％),有淋巴结转移(92.3％)高于无淋巴结转移(45.7％),x2值分别为13.290和17.110,P值均为0.000; Cyclin D1与结直肠癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位及肿瘤大小无关,而与病理学分级、浸润程度和淋巴结有无转移有关,低分化组织表达(71.4％)高于高中分化组织(39.1％),浆膜层表达(61.1％)高于肌层(28.8％),有淋巴结转移(69.2％)高于无淋巴结转移(31.4％),x2值分别为7.268、6.019和10.550,P值分别为0.007、0.014和0.001;Maspin与结直肠癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度及有无淋巴结转移均无关,P值均＞0.05.ATF3、Cyclin D1与Maspin在结直肠癌中均高表达,ATF3与Cyclin D1在结直肠癌中表达呈正相关(r=0.362,P=0.000),与Maspin表达无明显相关(r=0.075,P=0.513).结论:ATF3表达与结直肠癌的发生密切相关,ATF3可能通过调控Cyclin D1表达而促进结直肠癌的发生发展及侵袭转移.     

p53和Ki67在结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨p53蛋白、Ki67在结直肠管状腺瘤和结直肠癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化法分别对71例结直肠癌,16例结肠腺瘤,进行了p53蛋白和Ki67的检测。结果①结直肠癌组织中p53蛋白、Ki67的阳性表达率分别为40.85%(29/71)、77.46%(55/71),均显著高于腺瘤组织,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.019,P=0.000)。②在结直肠癌组织中p53蛋白的阳性表达与结直肠癌的临床分期、浸润深度、组织学分化程度和淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);结直肠癌中Ki67的表达阳性率与结直肠癌的临床分期和浸润深度有关(P<0.05),与组织学分化程度和淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05)。③p53蛋白和Ki67共同阳性者26例,共同阴性者13例,相关性分析显示,两者之间呈正相关(γ=0.508,P=0.000)。结论 p53蛋白和Ki67在结直肠癌中的表达明显升高,可作为判断结直肠癌恶性程度及预后的重要参考指标。     

结直肠癌中p53蛋白和Ki67的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨p53蛋白和Ki67在结直肠癌中的表达及临床病理学意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学的方法 检测80例结直肠癌和癌周黏膜组织中p53蛋白和Ki67表达.结果 p53蛋白和Ki67在结直肠癌中表达阳性率分别为(85%,90%),癌旁组织阳性率分别为(88.2%,88.2%);正常结直肠组织中p53无蛋白表达,Ki67蛋白可见表达.p53蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达与分化程度有显著差异(P<0.01),具有统计学意义,Ki67在结直肠癌中表达与分化程度无显著差异(P>0.05),不具统计学意义.结论 p53蛋白的表达与结直肠癌的发生发展有关,表达强度与癌组织的分化程度、浸润深度、转移及预后有关,Ki67的表达与结直肠癌的发生发展有关,表达强度与癌组织的分化程度浸润深度转移及预后无相关性.p53蛋白可作为评估患者预后的指标,Ki67是评估细胞增殖的较好指标,并不能作为评估患者预后的指标.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。