慢性有机磷农药接触对羧基酯酶活力的影响

目的　酯酶不仅在有机磷农药解毒中发挥重要作用 ,而且与心血管疾病有密切关系。我们研究3种酯酶 (丁酰胆碱酯酶BchE、羧酸酯酶CarbE和对氧磷酶PonE)的酶活力在一般人群中的特点 ,探讨有机磷农药慢性接触对酶活力的影响 ,为其他研究提供基线资料。方法　选取 10 0名无有机磷农药接触的对照人群和 75名长期接触有机磷农药的生产工人 ,检测外周血酯酶活力 ,描述正常成人酶活力的特点 ,分析有机磷接触对酯酶活力的影响。结果　对照人群BchE均值为 (78 3± 30 4 )mmol/(ml·h) ;CarbE均值为(36 2 7± 195 0 )nmol/(ml·min) ;PonE均值为 (332 6± 96 2 )nmol/(ml·min)。 3种酶活力在人群中均呈正态分布。有机磷农药接触工人BchE活力为 (2 7 3± 2 1 7)mmol/(ml·h) ;CarbE活力为 (2 35 6± 10 4 0 )nmol/(ml·min) ;PonE活力为 (30 7 8± 10 7 0 )nmol/(ml·min)。结论　 3种酯酶活力无年龄和性别差异。有机磷接触工人的BchE和CarbE活力与对照人群比较 ,差异有显著性 ,说明有机磷能抑制BchE和CarbE活力 ,而对对氧磷酶活力无抑制作用。提示 ,BchE和CarbE活力可以作为反映有机磷农药接触     

有机磷农药对接触工人心脏的影响

采用改变体位心电图描记方法, 探索有机磷对心脏的影响, 结果发现有机磷农药可引起接触者心脏植物神经功能紊乱。     

羧基酯酶多态和有机磷农药接触者的易感性

目的　研究参与有机磷农药代谢的羧基酯酶的多态与有机磷接触者易感性的关系。方法　用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR RFLP)确定75例长期接触有机磷农药工人的丁酰胆碱酯酶(BChE)和对氧磷酶(PonE)的基因型,以症状积分和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力(mmol·h-1·ml-1)作为反映其健康状况的指标。分析单基因位点多态工人的健康状况,确定其易感基因型,进行多基因综合分析,考虑年龄、性别以及接触时间的影响,建立多元线性回归方程。结果　BChE基因K位点(BChE K)正常纯合子(6 1例)、杂合子(12例)和异常纯合子(2例)的AChE活力为10 5 .0±2 3.0、84 .4±16 .4和79.0±9.9,症状积分为3.7±3.8、9.2±3.0和12 .5±0 .7;PonE 192位(PON 192 )正常纯合子(37例)、杂合子(2 7例)和异常纯合子(11例)的AChE活力为116 .8±15 .1、91.2±15 .6和72 .3±2 1.4 ,症状积分为2 .0±3.2、6 .7±3.3和9.7±1.8;PonE 5 5位(PON 5 5 )正常纯合子(70例)、杂合子(5例)的AChE活力为10 2 .4±2 3.0、82 .8±2 2 .0 ,症状积分为4 .5±4 .2、9.2±3.6。3个位点的杂合子和(或)异常纯合子与正常纯合子的症状积分差异都有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 ) ;异常纯合子的症状积分最高、健康状况最差。3个基因位点没有交互作用;单个基因位点对症     

长期接触有机磷农药对工人心血管系统的影响

选择102名有机磷农药生产工人为接触组．90名机关职员作为对照组,进行全血ChE活性、心电图、心率、血压等项目检查。提示长期接触低剂量有机磷农药对心脏可能存在一定程度的影响。     

有机磷农药作业工人血清胆碱酯酶活力分析

目的了解接触有机磷农药作业工人血清胆碱酯酶活力的变化规律。方法对郑州市几家小农药厂灌装车间71名健康作业工人,按常规方法采集静脉血3 m l,采用丁酰硫代胆碱法,进行血清胆碱酯酶活力测定。了解不同性别、不同接触时间(按工龄分为1个月~、12个月~、24~48个月3组)作业工人血清胆碱酯酶活力变化。结果71名接触有机磷农药作业工人血清胆碱酯酶活力为(3 605.97±2 577.0)U/L,明显低于正常值(P<0.01)。1个月~、12个月~、24~48个月组血清胆碱酯酶活力分别为(2 593.6±2 126.6)、(3 588.5±2 268.3)和(4 694.8±3 077.6)U/L。1个月~组和24~48个月组作业工人胆碱酯酶活力差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女性组比男性组胆碱酯酶活力低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论有机磷农药对血清胆碱酯酶的抑制作用,女性可能要比男性敏感;随着接触时间的延长,人体可能会产生耐受性,胆碱酯酶活力有回升趋势。     

有机磷农药对作业工人眼部影响调查

为进一步探讨职业性长期接触有机磷农药对作业工人眼部损伤的情况及导致职业性眼部疾患发生的因素，为制订防治措施提供科学依据，本文对１１５名有机磷农药作业工人进行了眼部疾患的调查，现将结果报告如下：１对象和方法１．１调查对象选择昆明某农药厂从事乐果、敌百虫...     

有机磷农药对生产工人免疫水平影响的研究

目的：观察长期职业接触有机磷农药敌敌畏对生产、包装车间生产人机体免疫水平的影响。方法：对100名有机磷农药生产工人及50名不接触任何毒物的健康者,进行血清免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA、IgM）含量测定、转化淋巴细胞^3H-TdR参入测定^3H的活度,计算出百分参入率及刺激指数。结果：接触组IgG、IgA与对照组相比明显降低（P＜0．05）,IgM差别不显著。接触组百分参入率、刺激指数显著低于对照组（P＜0．01)。结论：长期接触有机磷逐药的生产工人体液免疫和细胞免疫水平降低。     

急性有机磷中毒患者血清中对氧磷脂酶活力的变化

目的监测急性有机磷农药中毒（AOPP）患者血清中对氧磷脂酶（PON）活力的变化及其意义。方法检测35例AOPP患者血清中PON的活力水平并与40例健康对照者比较。结果35例AOPP患者入院首次PON活力水平为（55．1±5.3）U／L，明显低于对照组的（144．1±9．2）U／L，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；35例AOPP患者中，28例随着病情好转血清中PON活力逐渐升高，且入院第3-6天PON活力水平较入院时明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），因病情严重而死亡7例患者，入院至死亡PON活力均无明显变化。结论AOPP患者的PON活力降低，随着病情好转血清中PON活力逐渐升高，动态观察PON活力可能对疗效监测和预后判断有一定参考价值。     

有机磷农药作业工人行为功能的测验

本文采用WHO推荐的神经行为核心测验方法,对41名有机磷作业工人进行测验。结果发现,长期低浓度接触有机磷农药可影响人的行为功能,表现为注意力/反应速度、听记忆、心理运动/眼手协调、感知/运动速度、视感知/记忆和运动稳定性功能明显地低于对照组。这些表现在全血胆碱酯酶活性降低前即可存在。其行为测验总分与接触工龄有明显的负相关,各分测验之间,反应时与数字跨度、反应时与目标追踪、数字跨度与数字译码、视觉保留与目标追踪4对测验相关性最好。     

人类NRAMP1基因单核苷酸多态与接尘工人肺结核易感性

目的 探讨人类自然抵抗相关巨噬细胞蛋白1（NRAMP1）基因多态性与接尘工人肺结核易感性的关系.方法 采用1：2病例对照设计,按年龄相差小于5岁,工种、吸烟、饮酒率、总粉尘接触量和矽肺患病同比例匹配,选择61例男性肺结核患者为病例组（矽肺50例、非矽肺11例）,122例男性无肺结核者为对照组（矽肺100例、非矽肺22例）.应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR-RFLP）技术检测NRAMP1 INT4和D543N位点的多态性.结果 NRAMP1 INT4多态位点野生纯合子（G/G）、杂合子（G/C）和突变纯合子（C/C）在病例组的分布频率分别为63.9%、34.4%、1.6%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,NRAMP1 INT4 C等位基因携带者患肺结核的危险性升高（OR=2.73,95% CI：1.32～5.64）,D543N位点多态与接尘工人肺结核易感性之间无关联（P＞0.05）.结论 NRAMP1基因第4内含子G＞C单核苷酸可能是接尘工人肺结核的易感因素.     

有机磷农药对作业人员心电图的影响分析

目的调查有机磷农药（OP）对作业人员心电图的影响。方法通过对有机磷作业场所作业人员299名和对照组134名的心电圈检查结果进行分析。结果作业工人长期接触有机磷农药可引起心电图异常率增高。接触组心电图异常率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），其中，接触组心肌缺血改变与对照组比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0.01）。心电图异常有随工龄、年龄增加而增高的趋势。结论长期接触OP可导致心肌受损。心电图心肌缺血改变作为长期接触有机磷作业工人的健康监护指标之一。     

Health of workers exposed to a cocktail of pesticides

Summary For evaluation of the health effects of occupational exposure to a cocktail of pesticides, the authors examined several groups of workers, exposed in agriculture etc. and industry. Matched controls have been examined with the same standardized procedures. The following conclusions could be drawn:workers, intensively exposed for more than 4 years to a cocktail of pesticides experience diminished wellbeing (more subjective symptoms);there did not exist any statistically significant difference in findings in physical examination (skin disease excluded); however, the intensively exposed workers tend to show a higher prevalence of slight neurotoxic symptoms (mainly hypo- and areflexia);some blood levels (e.g. perc. ₂-globulin, transaminases, alkalinephosphatase) differ significantly from those in controls; there is no consistent pattern of biochemical response; the deviations may be interpreted as indicating increased variability of some parameters and moderate increase or decrease of average levels, generally still within the ranges found in the control group;exposure of the intensively exposed workers as a group must be regarded as too high to allow undisturbed health;exposure of these workers probably exceds at least 50–100 times exposure of the general population; workers eposed 20–50 times this population level do not show increased prevalence of subjective symptoms;the data do not suggest that exposure of the general population will induce adverse effects on health.The study was supported by a grant from the Central Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, The Hague, The Netherlands.     

上海市正常人群血清对氧磷酶活性及多态分布特征

目的 研究上海市正常人群血清对氧磷酶活怀及多态分布特点。方法 检测了１９８例上海居民的对氧磷酶生、直刺激对氧磷酶活性和芳香酯酶活性,根据不同型的对氧磷酸本对盐刺激的反应程度不同及盐刺激对氧磷酶芳香酯酶的活性比值不同,将３型区别开来。结果 正常人群的对氧磷酶活性范围在９７．６￣４７２．１单位之间,不同年龄和性别２之间差异无显性。测得低活性型２７人,中等活性型７１人,高活性型１００人。低活性型基因频     

176例有机磷农药作业工人心电图分析

目的 了解有机磷农药作业工人心电图的改变.方法 对176例有机磷农药作业工人心电图检查结果与对照人群进行比较.结果 有机磷农药作业工人心电图改变异常率为37.5%,明显高于对照组(18.24%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),主要改变为窦性心动过缓,窦性心律不齐,ST-T段改变.结论 接触有机磷农药可对心脏产生一定的影响,应加强防护措施.     

Reduction in fertility in male greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides

The paper examines the possible interference of pesticide exposure on male fertility, by studying the time to pregnancy (TTP) in the first pregnancy of 127 greenhouse workers and 173 controls. The TTP of exposed and control population, analysed by logistic regression model, has shown an increase in the risk of conception delay among the greenhouse workers with high exposure (OR:2.4; 95% CI: 1.2–5.1).     

Aspects of granulocyte function in workers professionally exposed to pesticides

Summary Granulocyte function in 92 workers from a chemical plant for the production of pesticides was tested by means of the nitro-blue tetrazolium test (spontaneous and stimulated) and the phagocytosis test. Two opposite types of change were identified, namely increased and reduced functional activity. No reliable correlation between the studied parameters and length of service was found. In comparison with the routine hematological methods, the identified functional changes in polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes serve as an early indicator of an impact on the leukocytes. The applied methods are accessible and may be used as an objective means of studying the dynamics of the unfavorable effect of zineb and of identyifying groups at increased toxicological risk.     

The effect of tobacco consumption on blood cholinesterase levels among workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides

This is a cross-sectional study of workers in the pesticide industry, engaged in the formulation and packaging of organophosphorus compounds. A detailed history was taken of all study participants. Investigations carried out were the measurement of haemoglobin levels and estimation of whole blood cholinesterase levels. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in the industry is 76.09%. The mean age of employees was 42.8 years and the mean duration of service was 16.6 years. The study concludes that tobacco consumption increases the risk of toxicity due to organophosphorus pesticides, as indicated by a decrease in the blood cholinesterase levels. In this study, the age of employees and duration of service in the pesticide industry played no role in increasing the risk of toxic effects when exposed to organophosphorus pesticides.     

Hematological biomarkers in farm workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides in the Gaza Strip

To assess serum cholinesterase levels and symptoms among farm workers who used mainly organophosphorus pesticides in the Gaza Strip, the authors took blood samples from and administered symptom questionnaires to an occupational cohort of 48 field workers. The authors tested the workers for serum acetylcholinesterase and serum butyrylcholinesterase (SBuChE) levels at the beginning and end of each work day. The authors took 20 employees as referents. The mean activity of SBuChE of the farm workers at the end of the spraying day (X = 3.28+/-0.12 kU/l) was lower by 13.2% than that of the referents at the end of the follow-up day (3.78+/-0.20 kU/l). Many symptoms were self-reported by farm workers. Certain symptoms, such as itching, skin irritation, and a burning sensation in eyes or face, were significantly associated with cholinesterase inhibition. A greater end-of-day reduction in SBuChE activity occurred in younger workers, those workers mixing pesticides, and with day of direct re-entry to the workplace. The authors detected alterations in some blood indexes. The study confirmed the finding that illness in pesticide workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides can occur with trivial reductions in cholinesterase.