煤矿开采影响下岩溶地下水化学特征及演化机制研究

黑龙洞泉域位于邯郸市西南部,是北方主要的岩溶泉群之一,也是重要的煤炭开采区,其地下水化学特征是影响邯郸地区水环境质量的重要因素。为充分了解煤矿开采条件下地下水化学特征及演化机制,利用多元统计分析、水文地球化学分析等方法对不同区域(西区、东区)地下水化学特征进行深入分析,并探讨控制地下水化学演化的主导因素。结果表明：研究区地下水中主要阴阳离子组分为HCO₃^-、Ca²⁺,且东区地下水主要化学组分含量普遍高于西区。西区和东区地下水化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型,而东区地下水SO₄^2-含量较高,部分水样为SO₄·HCO₃-Ca、SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Mg型。岩石风化作用是控制研究区地下水化学成分的主导因素,且以碳酸盐岩的风化溶解为主,过高的SO₄^2-含量源于含煤地层中硫化物的氧化、石膏的溶解;离子...     

南太行山前冲积平原潜水水化学特征及控制因素分析

南太行山前冲积平原地下水分带性明显，区域内人类活动频繁导致地下水化学组分来源复杂。为明确位于南太行山前冲积平原区水文地球化学特征及影响因素，获取了潜水水样109组以及44组氢氧同位素样品。通过水化学特征分析、离子比例系数法及水文地球化学模拟等手段，明确潜水在南太行山前冲积平原地区水化学类型表现为HCO₃·Cl·SO₄-Ca·Na及Cl·SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Na,浅层地下水位降落漏斗区转变为HCO₃·Cl·SO₄-Ca·Na;研究区内主要受控因素有水岩作用、蒸发浓缩作用、离子交换作用以及人类活动的影响。区内沿地下水流向，平原区内方解石、白云石及石膏等矿物均溶解，浅层漏斗区内方解石过饱和沉淀，白云石和石膏溶解程度增强，同时浅层漏斗区具有强烈的Ca²⁺与Na⁺的阳离子交换作用。平原区主要受控因素为蒸发浓缩作用，浅层漏斗区内受控因素主要以水岩作用、阳离子交换作用为主，其中部分地区受控于工业化活动影响。该研究对南太行山...     

新疆昌吉州东部平原区地下水水文地球化学演化分析

为探究新疆昌吉州东部平原区地下水水质演化过程，采用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比法对昌吉州东部平原区2016年63组地下水水质取样点及54组2012—2015年地下水水质监测数据进行分析。结果表明：昌吉州东部平原区2012年地下水阳离子平均含量总体为Ca²⁺>K⁺+Na⁺>Mg²⁺，阴离子平均含量总体为HCO^3->SO₄^2->Cl^-；从2013年开始，SO₄^2-逐渐增大，Ca²⁺逐渐减小；到2016年阳离子平均含量总体为Ca²⁺>K⁺+Na⁺>Mg²⁺，阴离子平均含量总体为HCO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^-。水化学类型由2012年HCO₃—Ca·Mg（Ca·Na、Ca·Na·Mg）型向2016年HCO₃·SO₄—Ca·Na·Mg（Ca·Mg、Ca·Na）演化，这主要与含水介质的风化作用和蒸发浓缩作用有关，而蒸发浓缩作用更加体现在承压水区的上部潜水中。地下水中Na⁺、K⁺、Cl^-主要来自岩盐的溶解；Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺主要来自蒸发岩溶解；SO₄^2-主要来自石膏（CaSO₄·2H₂O）和芒硝（Na₂SO₄·10H₂O）的溶解。Cl^-、SO₄^2-除来自岩盐的溶解外，还受到人类活动的影响。     

博尔塔拉河上游河谷地区水化学特征及水质评价

为了解博尔塔拉河上游河谷地区地下水和地表水水化学特征及水质状况,以36组水样数据为基础,运用Piper图、相关性分析、Gibbs图和离子比值等方法研究水化学特征及其影响因素,采用熵权-贝叶斯水质评价模型、Wilcox图和USSL图等方法进行水质评价。水化学分析结果显示：（1）研究区机井水、泉水和河水均为弱碱性淡水,总硬度（TH）、溶解性总固体（TDS）、F^-和NO₃^-整体表现为：机井水>泉水>河水,HCO₃^-和Ca²⁺分别为优势阴、阳离子,博尔塔拉河上游水中各组分含量沿程呈增加趋势;（2）区内机井水和泉水水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca型为主,河水水化学类型主要为HCO₃-Ca型和HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na型,水化学特征主要受控于岩石风化作用,水化学组分主要来源碳酸盐岩风化,且存在蒸发盐岩溶解,同时也受阳离子交换作用和人类活动的影响。饮用水水质评价显示,82.6...     

西藏易贡湖流域地表水水化学特征及其控制因素

为探究易贡湖流域地表水水化学特征及其控制因素,以藏东南易贡湖流域为研究对象,采集了26组地表水样,绘制了水样点主要离子线性变化趋势图、Gibbs图及Piper三线图等,运用相关分析、线性趋势分析、数理统计和离子比等方法。分析了研究区地表水主要离子特征及其控制因素,揭示了研究区地表水水中的主要物质来源。结果显示：易贡湖流域地表水阳离子主要为Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺,K⁺和Na⁺含量较低,4种阳离子的含量关系为：Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺>Na⁺>K⁺,阴离子主要为HCO₃^-、SO₄^2-和Cl^-,NO₃^-和F^-含量较低,阴离子含量关系为：HCO₃^->SO₄^2-...     

冻融作用下地下水浅埋区土壤盐分及离子变化特征

冻融作用是地下水浅埋区土壤盐渍化的重要原因之一，了解其对土壤盐分及离子变化的影响对土壤盐渍化防治具有重要意义。为探究冻融作用下土壤盐分及离子的分布及变化规律，以太谷均衡实验站地中蒸渗仪系统为试验设备，结合野外和室内试验分析了2020—2021年冻融期内6种不同地下水埋深下土壤剖面水分、可溶性盐分及离子含量的变化特征以及冻结层在冻融过程中对土壤盐分运移的影响，并采用灰色关联法分析了土壤含盐量与离子间的关联度。结果表明：（1）蒸渗仪土壤中以Na⁺、Ca²⁺、HCO₃^-、SO₄^2-及Cl^-为主，土壤含盐量与Na⁺和HCO₃^-极显著相关，与Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-和Cl^-显著相关。（2）冻结层在整个冻融过程中对于Ca²⁺和Cl^-变化影响较小，对Na     

新疆奎屯地区高氟地下水的水化学特征及成因分析

以新疆奎屯地下水高砷区2个团场为研究区域,通过野外采集46个地下水样品,测定了水中的氟和主要化学离子含量,运用Piper三线图、氯碱指数、矿物饱和指数、Gibbs图等方法对该地区高氟地下水的水化学特征及成因进行研究。结果表明:研究区地下水F^-浓度在0.06~3.32mg/L之间,平均含量为0.56mg/L,10.87%的地下水样点F^-浓度超出1.0mg/L。地下水局部存在高氟现象,主要分布在128团14连井深在100m左右的地下水井。该地区地下水化学类型主要有Ca·Mg-Cl·SO₄、Mg·Ca·Na-Cl和Ca-SO₄·Cl型。该地区强蒸发的气候条件,地下水的碱性环境,使得阳离子交换作用强烈,地下水中方解石和白云石的沉淀析出是促进含F^-矿物萤石溶解的主要成因,同时石膏的溶解一定程度上会抑制萤石的溶解。     

石羊河流域中下游浅层地下水水化学特征及其成因

为系统研究石羊河流域中下游浅层地下水水化学特征及主要离子来源,于2018年6-8月采集地下水水化学样品62组。综合运用数理统计、Gibbs图、离子比例关系和水文地球化学模拟等方法,分析了石羊河流域中下游浅层地下水的水文地球化学特征,探讨了水化学演化过程及主要离子来源。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水在水平方向上呈现明显的水化学分带,从中游至下游地下水水化学类型由SO4·HCO3-Na·Ca型过渡为SO4·Cl-Na·Mg型,TDS含量也随之升高,流域中游为TDS含量小于1g/L的淡水,至下游演化为TDS含量高于1g/L的微咸水和咸水。该区浅层地下水水化学组分主要受水岩作用和蒸发浓缩作用控制,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺主要来源于硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩的溶解,碳酸盐岩以白云石风化溶解为主,部分水样点存在方解石的风化溶解,阳离子交换作用是影响研究区地下水化学组分的重要过程。模拟结果表明沿地下水流向,地下水离子组分浓度呈递增趋势,岩盐、白云石和石膏发生溶解,方解石沉淀;从中游到下游地下水中阳离子交换作用越来越强烈,且阳离子交换作用强于溶解沉淀作用。     

沙漠腹地达理雅博依绿洲浅层地下水水化学特征分析

为了评价塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地达理雅博依绿洲地下水水化学特征与演化规律及对当地生态环境的影响。在研究区的生态井位观测点采集了19组地下水样品进行检测。综合运用数理统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型、Schoeller图和离子比等方法,分析地下水水化学特征和克里雅河尾闾绿洲的水化学演化规律。研究表明:研究区地下水阳离子以Na⁺、Mg⁺离子为主,阴离子以Cl^-、SO₄^2-,为主,Mg⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-表现为强变异性,K⁺、Ca⁺、Na⁺、HCO-3表现为中等变异;TDS介于1000mg/L-18620mg/L范围内,平均值为4366.408mg/L,矿化度较高;水化学类型以Cl^--Na⁺为主;地下水样品主要分布于Gibbs图的右上部分,表明研究区地下水主要受蒸发浓缩作用控制,岩石风化和大气降水影响较小;主要离子比表明碳酸盐、蒸发岩和硅酸盐是离子的主要来源,且处于沙漠腹地的独特地理因素,地下水中的离子交换作用较弱。     

乌鲁木齐大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）离子化学组分及影响因素

利用2009年乌鲁木齐4个大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）观测站点资料,采用离子色谱仪分析了TSP中水溶性离子成分。结果表明：① 2009年乌鲁木齐市区3站总离子浓度为151.28 μg/m³,白杨沟为40.83 μg/m³。4站NO₃^-/SO4^2-比值较小,表明乌鲁木齐大气污染主要来自于固定污染源。② 2009年乌鲁木齐4站TSP中SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺的浓度高于其他各离子,各站离子浓度有明显的季节变化特征,采暖期各离子浓度明显增加,SO₄^2-、NO₃^-增幅最大。③ 对各主要离子进行相关性分析,得到NH₄⁺与SO₄^2-的相关系数为0.828,与NO₃^-的相关系数为0.659,说明铵盐化合物主要以硫酸铵和硝酸铵的形式存在;SO₄^2-与NO₃^-的相关性很大,相关系数为0.973,表明二者主要来自二氧化硫和氮氧化物,排放方式与在大气中的传输途径较一致;地壳元素Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺有很好的相关性,相关系数是0.914,表明二者来源相似,可能主要来自风沙土壤尘、道路尘和建筑尘。     

Mass balance of saline lakes considering inflow loads of rivers and groundwater: the case of Lake Issyk- Kul,Central Asia

This study aimed to elucidate the influence of inflow water on the salinity concentration process of a saline lake and the mass balance of Lake Issyk-Kul, a tectonic saltwater lake in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the survey results and meteorological data from 2012 to 2015, we analyzed the dissolved chemical composition loads due to water inflow. Then, we discussed the relationship between the increase in salinity and water inflow into the lake. Through the water quality analysis data, we used the tank model to estimate the river inflow and analyze the loads by the L-Q curve. The groundwater loads were then estimated from the average annual increase in salinity of the lake over a period of 30 a. The results suggest that Lake Issyk-Kul was temporarily freshened between about AD 1500 and 1800 when an outflowing river existed, and thereafter, it became a closed lake in AD 1800 and continued to remain a saline lake until present. The chemical components that cause salinization are supplied from the rivers and groundwater in the catchment area, and when they flow into the lake, Ca²⁺, HCO₃^- and Mg²⁺ precipitate as CaCO₃ and MgCO₃. These compounds were confirmed to have been left on the lakeshore as evaporite. The model analysis showed that 1.67 mg/L of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ supplied from rivers and groundwater are precipitated as evaporite and in other forms per year. On the other hand, salinity continues to remain in the lake water at a rate of 27.5 mg/L per year. These are the main causes of increased salinity in Lake Issyk-Kul. Since Na⁺ and Cl^- are considered to be derived from geothermal water, they will continue to flow in regardless of the effects of human activities. Therefore, as long as these components are accumulated in Lake Issyk-Kul as a closed lake, the salinity will continue to increase in the future.     

新疆昌吉州东部平原区地下水水文地球化学演化分析

为探究新疆昌吉州东部平原区地下水水质演化过程,采用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比法对昌吉州东部平原区2016年63组地下水水质取样点及54组2012-2015年地下水水质监测数据进行分析。结果表明:昌吉州东部平原区2012年地下水阳离子平均含量总体为Ca^2+> K^++Na^+> Mg^2+,阴离子平均含量总体为HCO3-> SO42-> Cl^-;从2013年开始,SO42-逐渐增大,Ca^2+逐渐减小;到2016年阳离子平均含量总体为Ca^2+>K^++Na^+> Mg^2+,阴离子平均含量总体为HCO^3-> SO4^2-> Cl^-。水化学类型由2012年HCO3-Ca·Mg(Ca·Na、Ca·Na·Mg)型向2016年HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na·Mg(Ca·Mg、Ca·Na)演化,这主要与含水介质的风化作用和蒸发浓缩作用有关,而蒸发浓缩作用更加体现在承压水区的上部潜水中。地下水中Na^+、K^+、Cl^-主要来自岩盐的溶解;Ca^2+、Mg^2+主要来自蒸发岩溶解;SO4^2-主要来自石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)和芒硝(Na2SO4·10H2O)的溶解。Cl^-、SO^2-4除来自岩盐的溶解外,还受到人类活动的影响。     

Soil water repellency and influencing factors of Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas at different succession stages

Soil water repellency(WR) is an important physical characteristic of soil surface. It is capable of largely influencing the hydrological and geomorphological processes of soil, as well as affecting the ecological processes of plants, such as growth and seed germination, and has thus been a hot topic in recent research around the world. In this paper, the capillary rise method was used to study the soil WR characteristics of Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas. Soil water repellencies at different succession stages of Nitraria tangutorun were investigated, and the relationships between soil WR and soil organic matter, total N, and total P, soil texture, pH, and concentrations of CO3 2-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4 2-, Na+, K+, Ca2+and Mg2+were discussed. Soil WR may be demonstrated at the following nebkhas dune evolvement stages: extremely degradeddegradedstabilizedwell developednewly developedquick sand. Apart from some soil at the bottom, the WR of other soils(crest and slope of dune) was found to be largest at the topsoil, and decreased as the soil depth increased. The results showed that multiple factors affected soil WR characteristics, e.g. WR increased significantly as the contents of soil organic matter and total N increased, but did not change as the total P content increased. Soil texture was a key factor affecting soil WR; soil WR increased significantly as clay content increased, and decreased significantly as sand content increased. Low pH was shown to be more suitable for the occurrence of soil WR. Four cations(Ca2+, Mg2+, K+and Na+) and two anions(Cl-and SO4 2-) enhanced soil WR, while CO3 2-decreased it. HCO3-did not show any observable effect. Finally, we established a best-fit general linear model(GLM) between soil-air-water contact angle(CA) and influencing factors(CA=5.606 sand+6.496(clay and silt)–2.353 pH+470.089 CO3 2-+11.346 Na+–407.707 Cl-–14.245 SO4 2-+0.734 total N–519.521). It was concluded that all soils contain subcritical WR(0°CA90°). The development and succession of Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas may improve the formation of soil subcritical WR. There exist significant relationships between soils subcritical WR and soil physical or chemical properties.     

Soil characteristics and plant distribution in saline wetlands of Oued Righ,northeastern Algerian Sahara

Saline wetlands are rare ecosystems in Saharan areas, which are important for conservation of many endemic and rare plant species. In this study, we investigated five saline wetland sites of the Oued Righ region, located in the northeastern Algeria, to determine the environmental factors controlling the composition and distribution of plant communities. We established a total of 20 transects to measure the vegetation parameters (density and cover) and soil characteristics (electrical conductivity, moisture, pH, CaSO₄, CaCO₃, organic matter, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, SO₄^2–, Cl^–, NO₃^– and HCO₃^–). A total of 17 plant species belonging to seven families were identified. The natural vegetation was composed of halophytic and hydro-halophytic plant communities, presented specially by the species of Amaranthaceae family. Soils in the studied wetlands were moist, gypsiferous, alkaline, salty to very salty with dominance of chloride and calcium. Results of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that community structure and species distribution patterns of vegetation were mainly dependent on soil characteristics, mainly being soil salinity (CaSO₄, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl^–) and moisture. The distribution of plant species was found to follow a specific zonal pattern. Halocnemum strobilaceum was observed to grow in highly salt-affected soils, thus being the more salt-tolerant species. Phragmites communis plants were widely distributed in the study area with a high density at the edges of accumulated water body. Juncus maritimus, Tamarix gallica and Salicornia fructicosa grew in soils that are partially or completely flooded in winter. Suaeda fructicosa, Traganum nudatum, Arthrocnemum glaucum, Aeluropus littoralis, Cressa cretica and Cynodon dactylon were distributed in salty and moist soils away from the open water body. Plants of Zygophyllum album, Limonastrirum guyonianum, Cornulaca monacantha, Cistanche tinctoria, Mollugo nudicaulis and Sonchus maritimus were found in soils with less salty and moisture. They constituted the outermost belt of vegetation in the studied wetlands. This study will provide a reference on introducing the salt-tolerant plant species as a fodder resource in saline habitats and regenerating the degraded saline wetlands.     

Isotope implications of groundwater recharge,residence time and hydrogeochemical evolution of the Longdong Loess Basin,Northwest China

Groundwater plays a dominant role in the eco-environmental protection of arid and semi-arid regions.Understanding the sources and mechanisms of groundwater recharge,the interactions between groundwater and surface water and the hydrogeochemical evolution and transport processes of groundwater in the Longdong Loess Basin,Northwest China,is of importance for water resources management in this ecologically sensitive area.In this study,71 groundwater samples(mainly distributed at the Dongzhi Tableland and along the Malian River)and 8 surface water samples from the Malian River were collected,and analysis of the aquifer system and hydrological conditions,together with hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques were used to investigate groundwater sources,residence time and their associated recharge processes.Results show that the middle and lower reaches of the Malian River receive water mainly from groundwater discharge on both sides of valley,while the source of the Malian River mainly comes from local precipitation.Groundwater of the Dongzhi Tableland is of a HCO3-Ca-Na type with low salinity.The reverse hydrogeochemical simulation suggests that the dissolution of carbonate minerals and cation exchange between Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺and Na+are the main water-rock interactions in the groundwater system of the Dongzhi Tableland.Theδ¹⁸O(from-11.70‰to-8.52‰)andδ2H(from-86.15‰to-65.75‰)values of groundwater are lower than the annual weighted average value of precipitation but closer to summer-autumn precipitation and soil water in the unsaturated zone,suggesting that possible recharge comes from the summer-autumn monsoonal heavy precipitation in the recent past(≤220 a).The corrected 14C ages of groundwater range from 3,000 to 25,000 a old,indicating that groundwater was mainly from precipitation during the humid and cold Late Pleistocene and Holocene periods.Groundwater flows deeper from the groundwater table and from the center to the east,south and west of the Dongzhi Tableland with estimated migration rate of 1.29-1.43 m/a.The oldest groundwater in the Quaternary Loess Aquifer in the Dongzhi Tableland is approximately 32,000 a old with poor renewability.Based on theδ¹⁸O temperature indicator of groundwater,we speculate that temperature of the Last Glacial Maximum in the Longdong Loess Basin was 2.4℃-6.0℃ colder than the present.The results could provide us the valuable information on groundwater recharge and evolution under thick loess layer,which would be significative for the scientific water resources management in semi-arid regions.     

Chemical characteristics of precipitation and the indicative significance for sand dust events in the northern and southern slopes of Wushaoling Mountain,northwestern China

Precipitation chemistry analysis is essential to evaluate the atmospheric environmental quality and identify the sources of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, we collected a total of 480 precipitation samples at 6 sampling sites in the northern and southern slopes of Wushaoling Mountain from May 2013 to July 2014 to analyze the chemical characteristics of precipitation and to identify the main sources of ions in precipitation. Furthermore, we also explored the indicative significance for sand dust events in the northern and southern slopes of Wushaoling Mountain based on the precipitation chemistry analysis.During the sampling period(from May 2013 to July 2014), the p H values, EC(electrical conductivity)values and concentrations of cations(Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), Na~+, K~+ and NH_4~+) and anions(SO_4~(2–), NO_3~–, Cl~–, NO_2~– and F~–) in precipitation were different in the northern and southern slopes at daily and seasonal time scales, with most of the values being higher in the northern slope than in the southern slope. The chemical type of precipitation in the southern and northern slopes was the same, i.e.,SO_4~(2–)-Ca~(2+)-NO_3~–-Na~+. The concentrations of ions in precipitation were mainly controlled by terrigenous material and anthropogenic activities(with an exception of Cl~–). The concentration of Cl~– in precipitation was mainly controlled by the sea salt fraction. The concentrations of Na+ and Cl~– showed an increasing trend after the occurrence of sand dust events both in the northern and southern slopes. In addition, after the occurrence of sand dust events, the concentrations of K~+, Mg~(2+), SO_4~(2–), NO_3~– and Ca~(2+) showed an increasing trend in the southern slope and a decreasing trend in the northern slope. It is our hope that the results may be helpful to further understand the atmospheric pollution caused by sand dust events in the Wushaoling Mountain and can also provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention of atmospheric pollution.